scholarly journals Impact of Soil Infestation of Rice Root-Knot Nematode and Flooding on its Development and Rice Yield

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
NK Dangal ◽  
D Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
SM Shrestha ◽  
C Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Soil Infestation ◽  
Upland Condition ◽  
The Impact

A pot experiment was conducted during July-November 2006 in a glass house at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan to find out the impact of soil infestation of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield) and flooding on its development and rice yield. The experiment was conducted in a 4 factorial randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Rice cv. 'Sabitri' was sown in M. graminicola infested soil and infestation free (healthy) soil. Both beds were further divided to give wet bed (flooded) and dry bed condition. Twenty-one days old seedlings from each seedbed were transplanted into plastic pots containing 5 kg of M. graminicola infested and healthy soil each treated with lowland (continuously flooded) and upland condition. Simulated field conditions were created throughout the experiment period. Results revealed that rootknot index (RKI) and population of second stage juveniles of M. graminicola (J2) in soil and roots were significantly lower and grain yield was higher in pots containing seedlings transplanted from wet seedbed than dry bed. Lower RKI, root lesion index (RLI) and J2 population in soil and roots and higher grain yield were observed in pots containing seedlings transplanted from healthy seedbed than the nematode infested seedbed. Similarly, RKI, RLI and J2 population in soil and roots were significantly lower in simulated lowland as compared to upland condition. Transplanting on healthy soil also resulted in lower RKI, RLI and J2 population in soil and roots and higher grain yield than in the nematode infested soil. Interactions revealed that highest grain yield was obtained from seedlings grown under healthy seedbed transplanted in healthy soil under simulated lowland condition. Thus, M. graminicola infestation may be minimized by growing seedlings in healthy and wet seedbed. Seedling transplanting into M. graminicola free soil and lowland condition may be another important control measure for it. Key words: dry bed; lowland; upland; wet bed; rice root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne graminicola DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4086Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 31-36

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic Amendments against Rice Root-KnotNematode at Seedling Stage of Rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin Kumar Dangal ◽  
D. Sharma Poudyal ◽  
S. M. Shrestha ◽  
C. Adhikari ◽  
J. M. Duxbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Lesion Severity

Pot experiment was conducted during July-September 2006 to evaluate some organic amendments such as sesame (Sesamum indicum) biomass, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) biomass, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, chinaberry (Melia azedarch) leaves and chicken manure @ 1, 2 and 3 t ha-1 each against the rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield) in direct seeded rice. The treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The number of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. graminicola was significantly low in chicken manure @ 3 t ha-1. The root knot severity index was significantly low in sesame @ 3 t ha-1, chinaberry @ 3, 2 or 1 t ha-1, neem @ 3 t ha-1 and chicken manure @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 amended soil but root lesion severity index was lower only in chicken manure @ 2 t ha-1 treated plots. The fresh shoot weight and length were significantly high in chicken manure amendment @ 2 or 3 t ha-1 at 45th day after seeding. However, the fresh root weight, length, number of leaves and number of J2 recovered from the roots were non-significant. Key words: biomass; juveniles; Meloidogyne graminicola; root-knot severity index; root lesion severity index DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3160 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 21-27

scholarly journals CRITICAL VARIABLES OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RICE PLANT UNDER STAGNANT FLOODING CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurwulan Agustiani ◽  
Sujinah Sujinah ◽  
Indrastuti Apri Rumanti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
System Control ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstrakinggris"><span lang="EN-US">Stagnant flooding (SF) stress has contributed decreasing rice production in Indonesia. The study aimed to explore critical variables of rice growth that contribute to the decreasing grain yield under SF conditions and a common irrigation system (control). The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications to test 10 rice genotypes (Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub-1, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 8, IRRI119, IRRI154, IR42, IR14D121, IR14D157, and Tapus). The water depth was managed according to the farmer’s practices for control, while for SF plots the standing water depth was gradually increased from 35 days after transplanting and was maintained at 50 cm until harvest. Results showed that plant height, tillering ability, leaf greenness, panicle number per hill and grain filling percentage were critical growth variables that affect grain yield at optimal conditions. The yield of the 10 genotypes decreased by 25–50% under SF conditions. Inpara 3 had the stable yield in those two watering conditions. Therefore, it could be used as a check variety for SF condition. Inpara 9 and IRRI119 experienced decreased yield of more than 50% under SF conditions. The key factors determining the decreased yield were tillering ability and green leaf level. Optimization of the two variables at SF conditions will largely determine rice yield associated with panicle number per hill and grain number per panicle. Results of the study are useful as preliminary recommendations for designing new variety and cultivation techniques to reduce the impact of SF stress on rice yield.</span></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of rice landraces against rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1128-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra H ◽  
Sehgal Mukesh ◽  
B Narasimhamurthy H ◽  
S Imran Khan H ◽  
A Shruthi S
Keyword(s):  
Rice Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Rice Landraces

scholarly journals Ketahanan Sistemik Terinduksi pada Tanaman Padi dengan Ekstrak Tumbuhan terhadap Nematoda Bengkak Akar (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfiels)

Agrikultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Toto Sunarto ◽  
Tarkus Suganda ◽  
Martua Suhunan Sianipar ◽  
Aep Wawan Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Plant Leaf Extract

ABSTRACTInduced systemic resistance in rice plant with plant extract to rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfiels)Rice is one of important crop that constantly infected by various pathogens. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne graminicola) can decrease rice productivity in Southeast Asia. These nematodes have been reported in Indonesia. Currently nematode control is focused on biological control, application of organic and inorganic materials, natural nematicide, and induction of resistance. The study was conducted in the greenhouse Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective type of plant extract as an inducer of rice plant resistance to M. graminicola. The experiment used experimental method with Randomized Block Design consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consists of application of plant leaf extract: kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata), beluntas (Plucea indica), water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), spinach thorn (Amaranthus spinosus), control (without plant extract), and carbofuran. The experimental results showed that the extract of beluntas (P. indica) and spinach thorn (A. spinosus) can decrease the amount of gall on the roots of rice plants, and can suppress the amount of juvenile II M. graminicola in 100 ml of soil.Keywords: Induced systemic resistance, Meloidogyne graminicola, Plant extract, RiceABSTRAKTanaman padi merupakan tanaman serealia penting di dunia. Patogen tanaman seperti jamur, bakteri, virus, dan nematoda merupakan faktor pembatas pada budidaya tanaman padi. Nematodabengkak akar (Meloidogyne graminicola) dapat menurunkan produktivitas padi di Asia Tenggara, dan nematoda ini telah dilaporkan terdapat di Indonesia. Pengendalian nematoda parasit tanaman sangat sulit, umumnya menggunakan nematisida kimia yang berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Saat ini pengendalian nematoda difokuskan pada pengendalian secara biologi, aplikasi bahan organik dan inorganik, nematisida alami, dan induksi resistensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh jenis ekstrak tumbuhan yang efektif sebagai bahan penginduksi ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap M. graminicola. Penelitian menggunakan metode percobaan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol (tanpa ekstrak tumbuhan), aplikasi ekstrak daun tumbuhan kirinyuh, beluntas, eceng gondok, bayam duri, dan karbofuran. fek ekstrak tumbuhan sebagai bahan penginduksi tanaman diuji terhadap jumlah gall pada akar, jumlah juvenile tingkat kedua (J2) M. graminicola dalam tanah, berat basah bagian atas tanaman, berat basah akar, dan tinggi tanaman padi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak daun tanaman bayam duri dan beluntas dengan metode seed treatment (perendaman benih padi) dan soil drench (penyiraman pada tanah sekitar tanaman padi) dapat menurunkan jumlah gall pada akar padi dan tanaman padi resisten terhadap M. graminicola. Ekstrak daun bayam duri dan beluntas dapat menekan jumlah J2 M. graminicola dalam tanah dan meningkatkan berat basah akar dan tinggi tanaman padi.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak tumbuhan, Ketahanan sistemik terinduksi, Meloidogyne graminicola, Padi

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress and Potassium on Quantity Traits of Two Varieties of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Z. Fooladivanda ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
N. Zarifinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water stress is known as the major threat to reduced growth and yield of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Potassium is one of the indicators of plant responses to water stress. To evaluate the impact of water stress and levels of potassium on yield and yield components of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) (promising lines VC6172 and Indian), an experiment in the form of split factorial, based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in 2011, at the research farm of Safi-Abad Dezfool, Iran (latitude 32°16’ N, longitude 48°26’ E and altitude 82.9 m above sea level) .Water stress in three levels: irrigation at 120 (no stress), 180 (moderate stress) and 240 (severe stress) mm evaporation from pan, were allocated to the main plots and potassium fertilizer at three levels (0, 90, 180 kg /ha) and two varieties of mung bean (promising line VC6172 and Indian) were allotted to the sub-plots. Results showed that water stress and potassium fertilizer significantly affect all traits. The highest grain yield (2093 kg /ha) was obtained from no stress treatment in the case of 180 kg /ha potassium. Total dry matter, number of pods and grain yield, were significantly different between the two varieties. The interaction between fertilizer and variety, on dry matter and grain yield and the interaction between irrigation and variety, on dry matter were significant. We conclude that use of potassium fertilizer can reduce the adverse effects of water stress.

scholarly journals Laporan Pertama di Sulawesi Selatan: Karakter Morfologi dan Molekuler Nematoda Puru Akar yang Berasosiasi dengan Akar Padi di Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Hishar Mirsam ◽  
Fitrianingrum Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Root Knot Nematode (RKN) is one of the most important cosmopolite parasitic nematode species. Reports on RKN associated with rice root in Indonesia are still limited in West Java and Yogyakarta. This study aimed to identify the RKN associated with rice root in Sub-district of Bola, District of Wajo, South Sulawesi, based on morphological and molecular characters. Sampling was carried out by purposive method based on specific criteria of sample, i.e. root knot. Identification of root knot nematode (RKN) infestation in field was done by observing the primary and secondary symptoms. Morphological identification was carried out based on characters of juvenile 2 and the female perineal pattern. Molecular identification was based on amplification of r-DNA by polymerase chain reaction technique using primers rDNA2 and rDNA 1.58s. RKN were detected associated with the incidence of root knot in rice plant. RKN was identified as Meloidogyne graminicola based on morphological characters of juvenile 2 and the female perineal pattern. PCR using primer rDNA 2 / rDNA 1.58s successfully amplified a DNA band of RKN of ± 500 bp. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that RKN isolated from Wajo was closely related to M. graminicola isolated from Nepal, China, India, Madagascar, and USA with homology of 98.1–100.00%. IntisariNematoda puru akar (NPA) merupakan salah satu jenis nematoda parasit penting yang bersifat kosmopolit. Laporan NPA yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi di Indonesia masih terbatas di Jawa Barat dan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi NPA yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi di Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif dengan memilih sampel berdasarkan pada kriteria gejala spesifik penyakit puru akar. Identifikasi serangan dilakukan dengan mengamati gejala primer dan gejala sekunder. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan pengamatan karakter morfologi juvenil 2 dan pola perineal NPA betina.Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk mengamplifikasi wilayah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) menggunakan pasangan primer rDNA2 dan rDNA1.58s. NPA ditemukan berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi yang memperlihatkan gejala puru akar. NPA diidentifikasi sebagai Meloidogyne graminicola berdasarkan karakter morfologi juvenil 2 dan pola perineal NPA betina. PCR menggunakan primer rDNA2/ rDNA1.58s berhasil mengamplifikasi pita DNA NPA dengan ukuran sekitar 500 bp. Analisis runutan nukleotida menunjukkan isolat NPA asal Wajo-Indonesia memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang sangat dekat dengan isolat M. graminicola asal Nepal, Cina, India, Madagaskar, dan Amerika Serikat dengan nilai homologi berkisar 98,1–100,0%.

scholarly journals Root knot nematode infections promoted by agricultural practice modifications in Vietnam and the impacts on rice production

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hue ◽  
Anne -Sophie Masson ◽  
Lionel Moulin ◽  
Trinh Quang Phap ◽  
Ha Viet Cuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
The Impact

A survey conducted on newly cultivated lowland rice fields by direct seeding method in Hai Duong Province, Viet Nam, in March 2017 revealed high devastation of the field. In these fields, farmers used an annual crop rotation cycle of rice-scallion-rice. Investigations on the devastated fields revealed that the chemical and physical soil properties were appropriate for rice cultivation. On the other hand, observations done on the root systems showed that the dead plants have symptomatic root galls suggesting the presence of plant parasitic nematodes. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA genes of the nematodes showed that the root nematodes extracted from the infested fields belonged to Meloidogyne graminicola. The reproductive factor of the isolated M. graminicola population on the IR64 rice variety (Oryza sativa indica) was normal, suggesting that the impact of this plant pest was not due to the emergence of an unusual virulent population. The combination of the three factors (wrong cropping choice for rotation, using rice variety susceptible to M. graminicola and direct seeding) were obviously promoting the nematode infection and its high proliferation in the surveyed fields. Meloidogyne graminicola could parasitize and propagate in scallions of Vietnam. Since this plant is annually cultivated on a paddy field for crop rotation, preventive measures or alternative plant for crop rottion is necessary.   

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