scholarly journals Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thligene ◽  
G. N. Mezzapesa ◽  
D. Mondelli ◽  
A. Trani ◽  
P. Veronico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Spent Grain

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

Compatibility of Pasteuria penetrans with fungal parasite Paecilomyces lilacinus against root knot nematode on Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
K.K. Chaudhary ◽  
R. K. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Spore Culture

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) crop is highly susceptible for the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and every year this nematode causes great loss to the crop. The present study investigated the cumulative effect of two biocontrol agents viz. Pasteuria penetrans and Paecilomyces lilacinus against M. incognita. Two doses of P. penetrans i.e. 50g/Kg and 100g/Kg infested soil were applied either alone or in combination with two doses of P. lilacinus i.e. 4g spore culture/Kg and 6g spore culture/Kg of soil. Application of P. penetrans with P. lilacinus resulted into relatively better improvement in various growth attributes of chilli when compared with the individual application. Amongst the various treatments tested combined application with the higher dose of both bioagents (i.e. 100g P. penetrans infested soil with 6g of P. lilacinus/Kg) showed maximum improvement in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check and it was almost at par with that of the absolute check. The combined application of both the bioagents at higher dose resulted in 139 and 84% increase in dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check respectively. The combined application of both the bioagents was also observed to cause higher reduction in gall number and nematode population than their individual application except for the treatment having lower dose of the P. penetrans with P. lilacinus where reduction in both the parameters was observed to be at par with that of the either dose of P. penetrans or higher dose of P. lilacinus. Combined application with higher dose of P. penetrans and P. lilacinus showed maximum reduction of 62.6 and 82.2% in gall numbers and nematode population over the nematode check.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Quantitative and Qualitative Composition of the Nematode Populations in Pineapple Fields in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-299
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potential Yield

In this study undertaken in Puerto Rico during the months from March through September 1957, 60 different samples of plant-parasitic nematodes from roots and soil were taken from various pineapple farms in 3 of the 4 production Regions of Puerto Rico: Northern, Southwestern, and Central. The fields were selected at random, and those showing no symptoms of nematode injury, as well as those showing such symptoms, were studied. The methods employed for field collection were a modification of those used by Cobb. The laboratory methods and the recovery of nematodes from the soil were a combination of the screen and Baermann-funnel methods. Twenty-three different genera of nematodes were recovered, 16 of which were recognized as being plant parasites and the other 7 were suspected. There was no case in which a sample was found to be free of plant nematodes. In fact, the lowest number of genera present in 1 sample was 5 and the highest was 15, with a mean average of 9 genera per sample. The most frequently occurring genera were Rotylenchulus and Helicotylenchus which were present in all the samples. Less frequent but still common were Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Aphelenchoides, Dorylaimus, Ditylenchus, and Meloidogyne. This last one was found only in the Northern Region. The other 16 genera were less widely distributed. Populations of the first 2 genera were large, with a general mean average of 0.97 and 0.67 million per square meter (3.90 and 2.70 billions per acre), respectively. Their population size was higher in the Northern Region, while in the Central and Southwestern Regions it was lower. The average nematode population was 1.75 millions per square meter (7.05 billions per acre) at 6 inches depth. Several edaphic, climatological, and biological factors were found to be related to population sizes for all the genera and some specific genera studied. Population size of the genera varied with geographic location, type of soil, age and variety of the plants (although not statistically), previous crops planted, and temperature. No apparent relation was noted between precipitation except for the root-knot nematode and pH of the soil and nematode population size. No study was conducted of other biological factors such as different soil organisms, or cultivation methods and soil additives. It was estimated from the results obtained in this study and the damage observed in the pineapple plantings of this as well as previously scattered experiments that nematodes cause the loss of a great part of the crop yield in the Island. This loss has been calculated by the Extension Service officers to amount to at least 40 percent of the potential yield.

scholarly journals Use of organic amendments in the management of root-knot nematode in lettuce

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R Dias-Arieira ◽  
Danielle Mattei ◽  
Heriksen H Puerari ◽  
Regina CF Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Crambe Meal ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are among the most important parasites of the lettuce crop. Managing these organisms is difficult due to limitations in genetic (use of resistant cultivars) and chemical control. Thus, new practices should be sought to reduce their reproduction. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of organic amendments in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in lettuce. At first, tomato plants were inoculated to establish an initial population in the soil. After 60 days, the aerial part was discarded, and the lettuce seedlings were transplanted into pots. Two days after transplanting, the treatments bokashi, crambe cake, whey protein, cottonseed composted and shredded wood chip composted were applied at 20 g or 20 mL per pot. Water was applied as control treatment. After 70 days, bokashi and crambe meal reduced the number of eggs/g of root and promoted plant growth. Results obtained with whey protein, cottonseed meal and composted shredded wood chip did not differ from those obtained with the control treatment. Bokashi and crambe cake are effective in the M. incognita control under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Ficus microcarpa Bonsai “Tiger bark” Parasitized by the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica and the Spiral Nematode Helicotylenchus dihystera, a New Plant Host Record for Both Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Duarte Santos ◽  
Isabel Abrantes ◽  
Carla Maleita
Keyword(s):  
Host Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Ficus Microcarpa

In December 2017, a Ficus microcarpa “Tiger bark” bonsai tree was acquired in a shopping center in Coimbra, Portugal, without symptoms in the leaves, but showing small atypical galls of infection caused by root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp. The soil nematode community was assessed and four Tylenchida genera were detected: Helicotylenchus (94.02%), Tylenchus s.l. (4.35%), Tylenchorynchus s.l. (1.09%) and Meloidogyne (0.54%). The RKN M. javanica was identified through analysis of esterase isoenzyme phenotype (J3), PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial DNA region between COII and 16S rRNA genes and SCAR-PCR. The Helicotylenchus species was identified on the basis of female morphology that showed the body being spirally curved, with up to two turns after relation with gentle heat, a key feature of H. dihystera, and molecular characterization, using the D2D3 expansion region of the 28S rDNA, which revealed a similarity of 99.99% with available sequences of the common spiral nematode H. dihystera. To our knowledge, M. javanica and H. dihystera are reported for the first time as parasitizing F. microcarpa. Our findings reveal that more inspections are required to detect these and other plant-parasitic nematodes, mainly with quarantine status, to prevent their spread if found.

scholarly journals Integration of some organic amendments and the predatory nematode, Fictor composticola, for the management of Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harjot Singh Sidhu ◽  
Rambir Singh Kanwar
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Neem Leaves

Abstract Background Organic amendments are well known for influencing soil nematode community structure, diversities, and activities. Most of the previous studies focused on effects of organic amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes, but only a few investigated the effect of combination of biocontrol agents and organic amendments on soil nematodes. Main body Different organic amendments (neem cake, poultry manure, and neem leaves) were combined with the predatory nematode, Fictor composticola, for the control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in cucumber. Organic amendments were mixed in pots containing 1 kg soil, 15 days before sowing. Cucumber (cv. CCH-1) plants grown in these pots were inoculated by 2000 J2 of M. incognita and 400 F. composticola per pot, after 1 week of germination. Fictor composticola in combination with chicken manure + neem cake + neem leaves was found the best mixture for reducing the number of galls, egg masses, and final root-knot nematode population. The predator’s population reached the maximum in this treatment. All combinations of organic amendments in the presence of F. composticola were found significantly superior over inoculated check in reducing nematode’s population and in improving plant growth over the un-inoculated check. Conclusions Data indicated the suitability of using the predatory nematode, F. composticola, and organic amendments for potential use in sustainable nematode management strategies.

scholarly journals Plant Health and Rhizosphere Microbiome: Effects of the Bionematicide Aphanocladium album in Tomato Plants Infested by Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Claudia Leoni ◽  
Elisabetta Piancone ◽  
Nicola Sasanelli ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Bruno ◽  
Caterina Manzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Aphanocladium Album

The artificial introduction in the soil of antagonistic microorganisms can be a successful strategy, alternative to agrochemicals, for the control of the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and for preserving plant health. On the other hand, plant roots and the associated rhizosphere constitute a complex system in which the contribution of microbial community is fundamental to plant health and development, since microbes may convert organic and inorganic substances into available plant nutrients. In the present study, the potential nematicidal activity of the biopesticide Aphanocladium album (A. album strain MX-95) against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in infected tomato plants was investigated. Specifically, the effect of the A. album treatment on plant fitness was evaluated observing the plant morphological traits and also considering the nematode propagation parameters, the A. album MX-95 vitality and population density. In addition, the treatment effects on the rhizosphere microbiome were analysed by a metabarcoding procedure. Treatments with A. album isolate MX-95 significantly decreased root gall severity index and soil nematode population. The treatment also resulted in increased rhizosphere microbial populations. A. album MX-95 can be favourably considered as a new bionematicide to control M. javanica infestation.

scholarly journals Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis Nur Asyiah ◽  
JEKTI PRIHATIN ◽  
Ahda Dwi Hastuti ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Lenny Widjayanthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Prihatin J, Hastuti AD, Winarso S, Widjayanthi L, Nugroho D, Firmansyah K, Pradana AP. 2021. Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3256-3264. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. can infect and cause loss production in various horticultural plants, including tomatoes. In the previous study, we found 3 endophytic bacteria isolates and 1 rhizobacterium isolate that could control several plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we formulated these bionematicide isolates with cheap and environmentally friendly organic materials. The formula was fortified using several organic matters, vitamin sources, protein sources, and sugar sources. The research was conducted in an experimental land with a history of severe root-knot nematode infection. The analysis showed that there were 63.7 J2 Meloidogyne spp. per 100 ml of soil on the experimental land. The application was given at a time interval of 2 weeks at the concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, with a dose of 100 ml per plant. As a negative control, the plant did not give any treatments, and as a positive control, the plant was given 5 g carbofuran per plant. The results revealed that treatment with 2% bionematicide formula concentration showed the best consistent result. This treatment increased canopy wet weight by 38.63% and root dry weight by 106.97% compared to negative control. The P4 treatment was also found effective to increase fruit weight by 33.61% and fruit diameter by 26.16% as compared to negative control. Increased plant growth in P4 treatment was closely related to the total of root-knot suppression and root damage intensity. In the P4 treatment, the total of root-knots and root damage intensities was 44.83% and 32.66%, respectively, compared to the negative control. This suppression also occurred in the nematode population and nematode eggs. In the P4 treatment, the total of Meloidogyne spp. J2 in soil and root was lower by 60.74% and 66.24%, respectively, compared to the negative control. A similar phenomenon also occurred in the total of eggs, which was 79.40% lower than the total of eggs in the negative control. This study provides the latest information about a cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula, which is effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. infection in tomato, and promotes the growth and development tomato plant.

scholarly journals Studies on effect of gold nanoparticles onMeloidogyne incognitaand tomato plants growth and development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Kant Thakur ◽  
Babita Dhirta ◽  
Poonam Shirkot
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractThe plant parasitic nematodes are one of world major agricultural pest, causing in excess of 157 billion dollars in worldwide damage annually. This study has provided evidence that gold nanoparticles have great utility for management of root-knot nematodes in tomato crop. The effect of gold nanoparticles onMeloidogyne incognitaJ2 was remarkable under the direct exposure in water, after three hours of incubation of Meloidogyne incognita with GNPs showed the 100% mortality. The lesser survival rate ofMeloidogyne incognitain soil treatment showed the strong nematicidal effect of gold nanoparticles. Subsequently, the pot experiment had shown the beneficial effects of gold nanoparticles for intensively managing the root-knot nematode. The Pot experiment not only showed us that GNPs were lethal to root-knot nematodes were also induces growth of tomato plants and didn’t have any kind of negative impact on plant growth. In our study, GNPs were found to be safe and lethal to Meloidogyne incognita.

scholarly journals Potential of non-fumigant nematicides at different formulations against southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Khalil ◽  
Abdulqawi A. A. Alqadasi
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Currently, plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) especially root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. have been found involved in the global losses of tomato crops. The most employed tactic for managing PPN in Africa is non-fumigant nematicides. Recently, in Egypt abamectin was recorded as a new tool to control PPN. Thus, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of abamectin and certain non-fumigant nematicides namely; oxamyl and ethoprophos at two different formulations (granular and liquid) against southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Results revealed the granular formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl, in addition to abamectin, showed the same significance (P≤0.05) in suppressing tomato soil population and root galls of M. incognita, during both experiments. However, liquid formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl gave relatively less decreasing in soil population and root galls. On the other hand, all applied treatments improved plant growth criteria ranging from 36.92 to 126.44% in shoot dry weight and from 31.25 to 137.50% in root dry weight for both experiments.

Use of ammonia-releasing compounds for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Oka ◽  
Shimon Pivonia
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

AbstractThe nematicidal activities of ammonia-releasing and ammonium compounds were tested against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in pot, microplot and field experiments. Among ten compounds tested, NH4OH, (NH4)2HPO4 and NH4HCO3 showed greatest nematicidal activity at concentrations of 300 mg N/kg of NH4 or NH2 in pots. NH4OH was found to be the most nematicidal of these compounds. Enclosure of pots containing NH4OH-treated soils in plastic bags reduced the concentration of NH4OH needed to kill the nematodes from 200 mg N/kg in open pots to only 75 mg N/kg. In a microplot experiment, treatment of nematode-infested soil with NH4OH at 70 mg N/kg reduced the root-galling index to 0. In one field experiment, the nematicidal efficacy of NH4OH on tomato plants at doses of 1000 and 2000 kg N/ha was equivalent to those of Telopic C35® or metham sodium in combination with cadusafos. In another field experiment, NH4OH at 500 and 1000 kg N/ha increased tomato yield and at 1000 kg N/ha reduced the galling index, compared with untreated controls. The results suggest that NH4OH may serve as a nematicide in alkaline sandy soils.

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