scholarly journals Edaphic invertebrate macrofauna associated with cassava crop in different soil coverages

2020 ◽  
pp. 1949-1956
Author(s):  
Nathalia de França Guimarães ◽  
Auro Akio Otsubo ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia ◽  
Anderson de Souza Gallo ◽  
Emerson Machado de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Cassava Crop

This study aimed to identify and assess the edaphic invertebrate macrofauna associated with cassava crop in succession to different soil coverages. The experimental design was randomized blocks as 6 x 3 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was soil cover cultivated from December 2014 to April 2015 (fallow, pearl millet, forage sorghum, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Urochloa ruziziensis and Corn+Urochloa ruziziensis). The second factor was sampling periods (March/2015, October/2015 and June/2016). We sampled four blocks of 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.20 m in each system, following the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility) collection method. The taxonomic composition and abundance of organisms, richness of groups and the diversity indexes of Shannon, Pielou equitability and Simpson dominance were evaluated. There was no interaction between the factors (soil cover x season) for the variables studied. There was difference in the dominance of organisms according to the soil cover (isolated), being the highest index (0.44) obtained by previous cultivation of forage sorghum. The abundance of organisms, group richness and diversity index were influenced by sampling period, demonstrating the influence of seasonality on the invertebrate macrofauna community of the soil

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
S. Iqbal ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
N. U. Saher ◽  
N. A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H’ = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H’ = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J’ = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

A Handbook of Tropical Soil Biology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima M. S. Moreira ◽  
E. Jeroen Huising ◽  
David E. Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Biology

scholarly journals Abundância de invertebrados do solo em mata ciliar no semiárido da Paraíba

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-431
Author(s):  
Romualdo Medeiros Cortez Costa ◽  
César Henrique Alves Borges ◽  
Felipe Silva Amorim ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Biology

O estabelecimento de comunidades edáficas é importante para alterações físicas e químicas nos mais variados ambientes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os organismos da macrofauna do solo em área sob mata ciliar. O trabalho foi realizado Fazenda Tamanduá, em Santa Terezinha-PB. Foram retirados dez monólitos de solo utilizando um molde metálico com dimensões de 25,0 cm x 15,0 cm x 5,0 cm, sendo cinco monólitos retirados na profundidade de 0,0-5,0 cm (P1) e outros cinco na profundidade de 5,0-10 cm (P2) utilizando o método TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility). As principais ordens encontradas foram: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera e Enquitreídeos sendo a ordem de maior proporção nas duas profundidades a Hymenoptera. Pelos resultados obtidos verifica-se maior população e diversidade da macrofauna do solo na camada superficial (0-5 cm), devido, principalmente a maior umidade do solo e também ao maior conteúdo de matéria orgânica nas camadas superficiais. O ambiente de mata ciliar apresenta maior diversidade e densidade da macrofauna do solo nas amostras de 0,0-5,0 cm de profundidade, a qual apresenta maior oferta de alimentos e condições favoráveis à sobrevivência desses organismos. A ordem Hymenoptera foi a mais abundante na área, com equilíbrio no número de indivíduos nas duas profundidades avaliadas, indicando que esses organismos possuem importância ecológica no ambiente de mata ciliar. Além disso, esse trabalho evidencia a necessidade da realização de estudos mais prolongados na área, de modo a avaliar os efeitos sazonais na população dos macroinvertebrados em diferentes profundidades.

scholarly journals Análise conjunta de atributos físicos e biológicos do solo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Adriana Maria de Aquino ◽  
Fábio Martins Mercante
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) sobre os atributos morfológicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em Dourados, MS, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. Foram avaliados os seguintes sistemas: monocultura com sistema convencional de preparo do solo, ILP com sistema plantio direto, pastagem contínua de Urochloa decumbens (Syn. Brachiaria decumbens) e vegetação nativa. Em cada sistema, foi aberta uma trincheira com o intuito de detectar as modificações morfológicas provocadas pelos diferentes manejos com uso do método do perfil cultural. Os macroinvertebrados do solo foram avaliados conforme o método "Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility". Utilizaram-se, ainda, amostras de solo indeformadas para avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo (densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade). Entre os sistemas produtivos, a melhor estrutura do solo foi verificada no sistema ILP, nas camadas de 0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m. Os sistemas sob ILP e em pastagem cultivada continuamente favoreceram um ambiente edáfico biologicamente mais ativo em comparação aos outros sistemas cultivados. A visualização conjunta dos atributos do solo mostrou que a integração lavoura-pecuária é uma estratégia para desenvolver sistemas de produção sustentáveis e que o período de dois anos de manejo é adequado para a rotação lavoura-pecuária.

scholarly journals Clipping Forage Sorghum Twice and Nitrogen Topdressing Offer an Option for Dual-Purpose Use for Cover Cropping and Fodder in Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudzayi Janhi ◽  
Zimkhitha Matshaya ◽  
Cornelius Chiduza ◽  
Lindah Muzangwa
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Forage Sorghum

Management practices that promote dual-purpose use of cover crops as forage and soil cover can encourage adoption in mixed smallholder (SH) farming systems. This study investigated the feasibility of dual-purpose use of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) by testing the effects of clipping frequency and nitrogen (N) topdressing on the root biomass, crude protein (CP), acid detergent (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the greenhouse and vegetative biomass on the experimental farm station. Four levels of clipping were tested: not clipped (C1), clipped once (C2), twice (C3), and thrice (C4). Nitrogen topdressing had two levels: with (N1) and without (N0) recommended supplementary N. Results show that absence of N topdressing significantly (p < 0.05) increased root biomass in C2, while increasing clipping frequency significantly (p < 0.001) decreased root biomass. During the growing period, N topdressing significantly (p < 0.001) increased CP content in C3 and C4 and NDF (p < 0.01) content in C4. At the termination stage, there was a significant interaction between clipping frequency and N topdressing on the biomass yield obtained in both 2016–2017 (p < 0.05) and 2017–2018 (p < 0.001), respectively. Clipping twice and N topdressing emerged as the best management practice for the dual-purpose of soil cover and livestock feed.

scholarly journals Fish Assemblage of Ktiban creek the upper Reach of Shatt Al-Arab River

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 98-123
Author(s):  
Kadhim H. Hasan ◽  
Amjad K. Resen
Keyword(s):  
Current Flow ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Total Dissolve Solid ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Richness Index

The study was conducted at the Shatt Al-Arab River at Ktiban creek  in three stations during the period from October 2017 to September 2018. The first station was in the Shatt Al-Arab near Al- Hartha power Station, the second and third stations were in the Ktiban creek. Samples were collected once a monthly. A total of 5106 fish were collected from the study, period included 24 species belong to 12 families, and consisted of eight marine species and 16 freshwater species (nine native and seven exotic species). Physical and chemical characteristics were measured during sampling period. water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, light penetration, salinity, current flow, total dissolve solid (TDS), nitrate, nitrite and phosphates The range of parameters  in the Shatt Al-Arab were within their normal levels except salinity values and TDS (8.7 PSU and 8210 mg /l respectively). The values of the diversity index (H) were calculated in the study stations between 1.06 -1.87 and evenness index (j) ranged from 0.42 -0.83and richness index(D) between 1.00 -2.62.

scholarly journals Artrópodes edáficos em fragmentos de floresta ombrófila aberta na Paraíba, Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
César Henrique Alves Borges ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro Souto ◽  
Jacob Silva Souto ◽  
Romualdo Medeiros Cortez Costa ◽  
Danilo Brito Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Metal Rings ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

<p>Os organismos do solo são componentes ativos nos sítios edáficos e desempenham importantes funções no processo de ciclagem de nutrientes. Objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade da macrofauna e a distribuição vertical da mesofauna em dois fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta que ainda sofrem intervenção antrópica, apesar do caráter de conservação. A mesofauna foi amostrada com o uso de anéis metálicos com dimensões de 5,2 cm de altura e 4,8 cm de diâmetro, introduzidos ao solo+serapilheira, com cinco repetições, totalizando 20 amostras. Em seguida os organismos foram extraídos em aparato de Berlese-Tullgren modificado. Para a amostragem da macrofauna nas áreas experimentais foi utilizado o método de monólitos de solo do Programa “Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility”. As amostras foram coletadas de forma aleatória, em duas profundidades: 0-5 cm e 5-10 cm, com 10 repetições cada, totalizando 20 amostras em cada área, sendo estas armazenadas em sacos plásticos e encaminhado ao laboratório. Verificou-se que a população de organismos da mesofauna foi superior no fragmento da Mata de Pau Ferro com destaque para a ordem Acarina que registrou uma frequência relativa de 80%. Diante dos resultados, não foi constatada a diferença em profundidade da comunidade da mesofauna nos dois fragmentos avaliados. A ordem Acarina foi a mais abundante na MPF. A intervenção antrópica no fragmento do CCA promoveu alteração no ambiente resultam em um aumento na abundância de formigas.</p><p><strong><em>Arthropods edaphic in open rain forest fragments in Paraiba, Brazil</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Soil organisms are active components in edaphic sites and play important roles in nutrient cycling processes. The study objective is to evaluate the diversity of macrofauna and the vertical distribution of mesofauna in two Open rain forest fragments that still suffer human intervention, despite the conservation of nature. The mesofauna was sampled with the use of metal rings with dimensions of 5.2 cm height and 4.8 cm diameter, introduced into the soil + litter with five replications totaling 20 samples. Then the bodies were extracted in apparatus Berlese-Tullgren modified. For the sampling of macrofauna in the experimental areas was used soil monoliths method of the "Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility." The samples were collected randomly in two depths: 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, with 10 repetitions each, totaling 20 samples in each area, which are stored in plastic bags and sent to the laboratory. It was found that the population of mesofauna organisms was higher in the fragment of Pau Ferro Mata highlighting the order Acarina which registered a relative frequency of 80%. Given the results, it found no difference in the depth of the mesofauna community both two fragments. The order Acarina was the most abundant in the MPF. The human intervention in the CCA fragment promoted change in the environment result in an increase in the abundance of ants. </p>

scholarly journals Caractérisation de la flore phytoplanctonique dans l’Aire Marine Protégée (AMP) de Bamboung et de deux sites environnants (Sénégal)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2452-2462
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamed Abdou Salam ◽  
Ngansoumana Ba ◽  
Ismaïla Ndour ◽  
Seyni Sane ◽  
Modou Thiaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Physico Chemical

Au Sénégal, peu d’études sur le plan planctonique ont été réalisées pour l’évaluation de l’efficacité des Aires Marines Protégées. Dans cette perspective, la caractérisation de la flore phytoplanctonique et sa distribution spatio-temporelle à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’AMP de Bamboung a été réalisée en avril et en septembre 2016. Des prélèvements d’échantillons d’eau à l’aide d’un filet à plancton de 20 μm de mailles ainsi que des mesures de paramètres physico-chimiques ont été faits dans chaque station. L’analyse des données environnementales a montré l’existence d’un effet intersaison avec des valeurs plus élevées en avril excepté la température. Par ailleurs, un effet d’inter-sites a été observé uniquement en septembre pour la température, la salinité, la conductivité et l’oxygène dissout. En termes de diversité phytoplanctonique, en avril, 49 espèces réparties dans 5 classes ont été identifiées dans l’AMP contre 47 espèces et 5 classes identifiées à Diomboss et 42 espèces et 5 classes à Sangako. En septembre, 57 espèces réparties dans 5 classes ont été répertoriées dans l’AMP contre 54 espèces et 4 classes à Diomboss, et 51 espèces réparties dans 4 classes identifiées à Sangako. Les résultats seuls de la richesse spécifique du phytoplancton ne permettent pas d’apporter une contribution sur l’évaluation de l’efficacité de l’AMP de Bamboung. Mots clés : Phytoplancton, dynamique, composition taxonomique, AMP, Bamboung.   English Title: Characterization of the phytoplankton flora in the Protected Marine Area (MPA) of Bamboung and two surrounding sites (Senegal) In Senegal, few planktonic data exist in the Marine Protected Areas (AMP). In this perspective, the characterization of phytoplankton flora and its spatial and temporal distribution within and outside the Bamboung AMP was carried out during in April and in september. Water samples were taken using a 20 μm mesh plankton net and measurements of physico-chemical parameters were made at each station. The analysis of environmental data showed the existence of an inter-site effect during the two-month sampling period. In April, 49 species in 5 classes were identified in the AMP, compared to 47 species and 5 classes identified in Diomboss and 42 species and 5 classes in Sangako. In september, 57 species distributed in 5 classes were recorded in the AMP compared to 54 species distributed in 4 classes in Diomboss and 51 species and 4 classes identified in Sangako. The results of the specific richness of phytoplankton alone do not make it possible to make a contribution to the evaluation of the effectiveness of Bamboung's MPA.Keywords: Phytoplankton, dynamics, taxonomic composition, AMP; Bamboung.

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