Comparative analysis of the efficacy of selected gametocide agents in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)

A new generation of chemical hybridization agents (CHAs) or gametocides has shown potential to induce male sterility in predominantly self-fertilizing crops, including sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). There is a lack of information on the relative efficacy of the various available CHAs for large-scale application in plant breeding programs. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the relative effectiveness of three selected CHAs to induce male sterility in sorghum under a controlled environment for hybridization. Foliar applications of three CHAs and a control (ethrel, trifluoromethanesulfonamide [TFMSA], ethyl 4-fluorooxanilate [E4FO] and distilled water [control]) were tested using three grain sorghum genotypes (ICS-1, ICS-2 and ICS-3) in two seasons. The 24 treatment combinations consisting of 4 levels of CHAs, 3 sorghum varieties and two seasons were laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on pollen sterility, pollen diameter, plant height, and panicle height were collected and analyzed. Results showed that the CHAs had significant (p<0.05) differences for efficacy of inducing male sterility in sorghum. Ethrel at a dose of 1 gl-1 induced the highest pollen sterility (98% in both seasons) but was highly phytotoxic with at least 60% mortality in the test population in both seasons, making it unsuitable for practical application. TFMSA (2 mg per plant) and E4FO (1 gl-1) d induced 93% male sterility with minimal phytotoxic effects (20 to 30%). Application of either TFMSA at 2mg per plant after flag leaf emergence or 1gl-1 of E4FO at panicle initiation can be used to successfully induce male sterility in sorghum under greenhouse conditions

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Low temperature induced male sterility in Sorghum bicolor

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9710352 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 (50) ◽

pp. 352 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

RW Downes ◽

DR Marshall

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Temperature Regime ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Pollen Sterility ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Low Degree ◽

The Mean ◽

Mother Cells ◽

Breeding And Genetics

Male sterility was induced in sorghum by exposing plants to a temperature regime of 18/13�C (day-night temperatures) during meiosis in the pollen mother cells. This normally occurs at the time the last (flag) leaf is emerging and elongating. The majority of genotypes examined were rendered completely male sterile by the low temperature regime. However, some genotypes retained a low degree of pollen fertility. The low temperatures appeared to have little, if any, effect on female fertility. The available evidence indicates that it is the night temperature, rather than the mean temperature, which is critical for the induction of pollen sterility. The potential uses of this method of inducing male sterility in plant breeding and genetics programs are briefly discussed.

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RESPON HASIL TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) TERHADAP PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN JARAK TANAM DI JATINANGOR JAWA BARAT

Agrin ◽

10.20884/1.agrin.2018.22.2.464 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Ruminta Ruminta ◽

Agus Wahyudin ◽

Aditya Ramdani

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Climate Type ◽

Field Station ◽

Single Effect ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh interaksi antara dosis pupuk organik cair dan jarak tanamterhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Penelitian dilakukan di StasiunLapangan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor Jawa Barat. Lokasi ini memiliki ketinggiansekitar 760 meter di atas permukaan laut, tipe tanah inseptisol dan tipe iklim Oldeman C3 pada tahun 2012.Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan pola faktorial, dua faktor perlakuan dantiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk organik cair yang terdiri dari tiga taraf: 1,5 l / ha; 3 l / ha; dan 6l / ha. Faktor kedua adalah jarak tanam yang terdiri dari tiga taraf: 25 cm x 25 cm; 50 cm x 25 cm; dan 75 cm x 25cm. Pengamatan terdiri dari komponen hasil dan hasil tanaman sorgum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwaantara jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk cair memberikan efek interaksi terhadap berat malai sorgum. Perlakuan pupukorganik cair dengan dosis 6 l / ha dan jarak tanam pada level 50 cm x 25 cm memberikan efek terbaik terhadapberat malai sorgum (94,90 g). Pengaruh mandiri jarak tanam pada level 50 cm x 25 cm memberikan hasil terbaikterhadap bobot biji per tanaman (71,31 g). Perlakuan pupuk organik cair dan jarak tanam memberikan efek yangsama terhadap panjang malai, berat 1000 butir, persentase bobot biji per tanaman, indeks panen, dan hasil perlahan.Kata kunci: pupuk organik cair, jarak tanam, hasil, sorgumABSTRACTThe objective of research was to study the effect of interaction between dosage of liquid organic fertilizerand plant spacing on growth and yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Research was carried out atAgriculture Faculty Field Station, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor West Java. The site has an altitude about760 meter above sea level, inceptisols soil type and C3 climate type of Oldeman in 2012. The experiment used aRandomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial pattern, two factor of treatment and three replications. The Firstfactor was dosage of liquid organic fertilizer which consist of three levels: 1,5 l/ha; 3 l/ha; dan 6 l/ha. The Secondfactor was plant spacing consist of three levels: 25 cm x 25 cm; 50 cm x 25 cm; and 75 cm x 25 cm. Observationsconsist of components of yield and yield of sorghum plants. The results of this experiment showed that betweenplant spacing and dosage of liquid fertilizer give an interaction effect to panicle weight of sorghum. Treatment ofliquid organic fertilizer at dosage 6 l/ha and plant spacing at level 50 cm x 25 cm gave the best effects on panicleweight sorgum (94,90 g). Single effect treatment of plant spacing at level 50 cm x 25 cm gave the best result tograin weight per plant (71,31 g). Treatment of liquid organic fertilizer and plant spacing give the same effect topanicle length, weight of 1000 grain, percentage of kernels weight per plant, harvest index, and yield per field.Key words: liquid organic fertilizer, plant space, yield, sorgum

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Changes in Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata, Glycine max, Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor Raised in Soil Incorporated with the Shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology ◽

10.9734/jabb/2020/v23i530157 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

O. J. Ilori ◽

O. O. Otusanya

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Tithonia. rotundifolia is an allelopathic weed that grows in association with cultivated crops in Nigeria. Allelopathy is a phenomenon of plant releasing allelochemicals into the environment that can inhibit or stimulate the growth of other plants and microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil incorporated with the fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia on chlorophyll and protein accumulation of Vigna unguiculata L. Glycine max L., Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. 250 g of fresh shoots of T. rotundifolia were worked into each plot of 2 m2 dimension and the test crops were sown in the plots. Plots with no T. rotundifolia shoots were included as control plots. The experiment was performed in completely randomized block design (CRBD). The parameters measured were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b total chlorophyll and protein content. The results showed a stimulation in chlorophyll contents in the test crops except inhibition in chl b and total chlorophyll in Zea mays L. Also, there was a stimulation of protein in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. The study suggests that incorporation of shoots of Tithonia rotundifolia could imparts stimulatory allelopathic effects.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PUPUK MIKRO DAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TERHADAP INTENSITAS PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum sp.) DI LAHAN PETANI TANJUNG BINTANG LAMPUNG SELATAN

Jurnal Agrotek Tropika ◽

10.23960/jat.v8i2.3902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Farastika Unjunan Muli ◽

Efri Efri ◽

Muhammad Syamsoel Hadi ◽

Radix Suharjo

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

The Other ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L ◽

Plot Design

One of the diseases that often found in sorghum plants is anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. The purposed of this study was to determine the effect of adding micro fertilizer and the use of several sorghum genotypes on the intensity of anthracnose disease. The study was conducted in Sukanegara, Tanjung Bintang, South Lampung in April 2017 - February 2018 and at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The treatments were arranged using a randomized block design in a split plot design (3 times replications), the main plot was micro nutrients (with micro addition and without micro addition) and 15 subgroups of sorghum genotypes (Numbu, Samurai 1, GH3, UPCA, GH4, P / I WHP, GH6, Super 2, GH13, P / F 51-93-C, Super 1, GH5, Mandau, GH7, and Talaga Bodas). The results showed that the addition of "ZincMicro" micro fertilizers to sorghum plants did not affect the intensity of anthracnose disease, however there were differences in the intensity of anthracnose diseases between sorghum genotypes. Numbu Genotype, GH 3, and GH 13 were relatively more resistant to anthracnose disease than the other genotypes.

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Cane Yield and Juice Volume Determine Ethanol Yield in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

International Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.30560/ijas.v1n2p29 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. p29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justice K. Rono ◽

Erick K. Cheruiyot ◽

Jacktone O. Othira ◽

Virginia W. Njuguna

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Plant Height ◽

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Production Traits ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Sorghum was harvested at hard dough stage of grain development and evaluated for several stem juice production traits including plant height, cane yield, juice volume, degrees Brix, total, reducing, and non-reducing sugars, and ethanol yield via juice fermentation. Analyses of variance using SAS version 9.1 showed a significant effect of genotype for morphological characters and ethanol yield. Genotype EUSS10 produced the greatest cane (27.4 T/ha) and juice yield (7806.7 L/ha) whereas ACFC003/12 recorded the greatest ethanol yield (423.1 L/ha). At all sites, EUSS10 had the greatest plant height and days to 50% heading whereas SS04 had the greatest Brix and total sugar concentration. The greatest grain yield and non-reducing sugar concentration was produced by SS17 and SS21, respectively. Results of this study show that though Brix and total sugars are desirable for ethanol yield, cane yield, and juice volume of sweet sorghum determines the ultimate volume of ethanol produced.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Sorghum bicolor L. under Intercropping with Legumes and Different Weed Control Methods

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae6040078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeid Vaezi Rad ◽

Said Ali Reza Valadabadi ◽

Majid Pouryousef ◽

Saeid Saifzadeh ◽

Hamid Reza Zakrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Research Station ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of forage when intercropping forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) with lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and using different weed management methods such as double cropping, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the research station of the University of Zanjan over two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). In this experiment, the intercropping of forage sorghum with lathyrus and hairy vetch at six levels with single cropping of forage sorghum, lathyrus, and hairy vetch, and three weed management strategies (no weed control, full weed control, and single weed control) was evaluated. The results showed that most forage sorghum traits were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by different sowing ratios. The highest fresh forage yield of sorghum (77.9 ton/ha) and lowest (49.0 ton/ha) were obtained with sorghum + 33% hairy vetch and sorghum + 100% lathyrus, respectively. Forage qualitative traits were also affected by intercropping and weed management. The highest average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total ash percentage (ASH) were obtained with 100% sorghum + 66% lathyrus and 33% hairy vetch. The results showed that sorghum intercropping with 33% lathyrus led to a significant reduction in dry matter intake and relative feed value with no weed control and single weed control. This study demonstrated that, by selecting the appropriate intercropping ratios and forage legumes, we could largely control sorghum weeds in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of sorghum forage.

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A New Factor for Genetic Male Sterility in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183x001100020046x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 308-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. J. Andrews ◽

O. J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Genetic Male Sterility ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

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Effect of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Sorghum Forage (Sorghum Bicolor ( L.) Moench Cv.) under Three Cuttings System

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/v10298-012-0065-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Afzal ◽

A. Ahmad ◽

Au.H. Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Population ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Growth Attributes ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract A field experiment was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv.) under three cutting system to determine the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the season 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), using three replications. There were four levels of nitrogen 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/acre in the form of urea. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area is determined periodically. First reading taken after 20 days of sowing while second and third was taken after 15 days of first cutting. Yield parameter like plant population, fresh and dry weight was determined in three cuttings. Results showed that increasing nitrogen dose increased all growth attributes. Results revealed for first, second and third cuttings showed significant differences at all growth attributes. Thus, the maximum plant height was observed in N4 (100 kg N/acre), having plant height 193.92, 195.24 and 192.79 cm in first, second and third cutting, respectively, which was followed by the treatment N3 (75 kg N/acre), having 179.70 cm in first cutting, while second and third cutting have same plant height 168.62 cm. The exception was the plant population showed non significant behavior in second and third cutting while number of leaves per plant in second cutting only and protein % in third cutting showed non significant difference with nitrogen application.

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