scholarly journals Risk factors of adolescent health: mass poll results

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
R. U. Khabriev ◽  
R. I. Yagudina ◽  
M. A. Rashid ◽  
E. E. Arinina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology

Objective. To study the risk factors of noncommunicable disease spread in adolescents based on the mass pole results.Methods. The authors conducted four waves of study within the framework of the monitoring project “Risk factors for human health” in 2014–2017. The study included a multistage stratified territorial random sample of 1,691 patients over 11 years. The research population included 170 adolescents (11–19 years) (10%).Results. An adverse profile of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases was predetermined by: overweight in adolescents (10%), increased blood pressure (18%), unfavorable history of cardiovascular events in close relatives (60–70%), nutritional disorders (80–96%) , low level of physical activity (5%), smoking (20%), and alcohol consumption (26% of respondents). The body weight deficiency (35%) and overweight (10%), along with sufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in only 7% of cases reflects gross malnutrition of adolescents, which determines their future development. Awareness of adolescents of the main risk factors for noncommunicable diseases remains low (less than 30–40% for different factors). The example of close relatives, friends and stressful situations predetermine the emergence of bad habits (consumption of alcohol and tobacco) in adolescents.Scope of application. Pediatrics, public health, epidemiology.Conclusion. In order to correct adverse risk factors of noncommunicable diseases, it is necessary to attract a wide range of specialists, including intensive family and personal psychological consultations with adolescents. These measures will motivate adolescents to a healthy lifestyle and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the population of the Russian Federation.

American Medical Sociology and Health Problems in the Global South

2022 ◽  
pp. 073112142110677
Author(s):  
Rebecca Farber ◽  
Joseph Harris
Keyword(s):  
American Medical ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Medical Sociology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Official Journal

COVID-19 has focused global attention on disease spread across borders. But how has research on infectious and noncommunicable disease figured into the sociological imagination historically, and to what degree has American medical sociology examined health problems beyond U.S. borders? Our 35-year content analysis of 2,588 presentations in the American Sociological Association’s (ASA) Section on Medical Sociology and 922 articles within the section’s official journal finds less than 15 percent of total research examined contexts outside the United States. Research on three infectious diseases in the top eight causes of death in low-income countries (diarrheal disease, malaria, and tuberculosis [TB]) and emerging diseases—Ebola, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)—was nearly absent, as was research on major noncommunicable diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) received much more focus, although world regions hit hardest received scant attention. Interviews suggest a number of factors shape geographic foci of research, but this epistemic parochialism may ultimately impoverish sociological understanding of illness and disease.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable Disease Emergencies During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Public Hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel Governorates, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Lami ◽  
Abdul Wahhab Jewad ◽  
Abulameer Hassan ◽  
Hadeel Kadhim ◽  
Sura Alharis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
South Iraq

BACKGROUND Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering (MG) in Iraq where millions of people from Iraq and many other countries visit Karbala city, south Iraq. MGs are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality from different noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and asthma. There is a scarcity of publications that address MGs in Iraq. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the NCD emergencies in public hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel governorates in Iraq, during the Arbaeenia MG and assess predisposing factors for NCD emergencies. METHODS The study was conducted from November 27 to December 16, 2014. Data were collected in the pre-event and during MG event from 7 selected hospitals. The pre-event data were collected from emergency room (ER) registers and logbooks, and the data on the MG event were collected daily through direct interview with patients and treating physicians using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 4425 NCD emergencies were recorded. Of these, 80.13% (3546/4425) were collected during the MG event. The NCD emergencies attended at ER hospitals during MG were severe hypertension (HT), diabetes (hyperglycemia), ischemic heart disease (IHD), asthma, and pulmonary edema. The load of NCD emergencies and the daily average emergencies increased 4-fold and 2-fold during the MG event, respectively. Most of the NCD emergencies were treated at ER departments, and a few were hospitalized. Intense physical activities and poor adherence to diet and medication were risk factors for IHD, severe HT, and hyperglycemic diabetes emergencies. Exposure to noxious gases or fumes and recent respiratory infections were risk factors for asthma emergencies. CONCLUSIONS As the pilgrims approached Karbala city during the Arbaeenia MG, the hospitals on the roads leading to the city experienced an increased load of patients because of different NCD emergencies. Although hospitals should be equipped with the necessary supplies, health education for pilgrims is mandatory, particularly on the factors that can exacerbate their diseases.

scholarly journals Preliminary Nutrition and Gardening Knowledge from Children in a Plot to Plate Community Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Rachel Darr ◽  
Martin Arford ◽  
Alanna Shannon ◽  
Christine Noller
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Body ◽  
After School ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objectives There is a need for programs that can teach children valuable skills such as gardening along with nutrition education in order to sustain good health throughout the life cycle. The Plot to Plate Community Initiative utilized practical ways for children between the ages of 5–12 years old to learn about nutrition, gardening, and other related topics. Prior to the hands-on lesson plans an initial knowledge base was investigated via pre surveys in order to later provide post surveys for evaluating the effectiveness of the program. This analysis of the program evaluation focuses on the pre-surveys. Methods Fifty-five surveys were initially collected from children participants between the ages of 5–12 at two different local community centers within the same county during the Spring and Summer months in after school and summer programs. They consisted of 10 questions focusing on basic nutrition/hydration, health and the body, gardening, food choices and food safety and hand washing which were to be covered in subsequent hands on nutrition and gardening experiences. Results Initial reports indicate that, 84% of participants have different fruits and vegetables to pick from at home, 93% wash their hands before making or eating food, 69% thought that green vegetables were the best vegetables for you, and 93% concluded that staying hydrated keeps you healthy. Alternatively, t-tests indicated participants regularly had fruits and vegetables at home and stated green vegetables were the best but didn't regularly wash food or hands (P = 0.0497, P < 0.001). Participants that knew the purpose of the digestive system were able to cite watermelon having the most water in it out of 3 choices(P = 0.266) but didn't relate that plants were started with a seed in the ground (P = 0.048). Conclusions Initial data signifies that participants started the program with a wide range of solid knowledge pertaining to the different topics. This preliminary data shows a need to continue bringing together the importance of all the topics reviewed and their interplay and importance to the participants in living a healthy lifestyle. Funding Sources Project funded internally by Saginaw Valley State University Allen Grant Foundation, Saginaw, MI and externally by the Midland Community Foundation and Midland Rotary Club in Midland, MI.

scholarly journals Brief interventions for NCDs risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Breda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Brief Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Brief interventions (BIs) are short, structured, nonconfrontational conversations to motivate and support individuals to consider and plan changes in unhealthy behaviours. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a huge global burden responsible for a large number of premature deaths and other economic and social challenges. The WHO “Best Buys” report highlights BIs as an effective tool to address NCD risk factors in the general population. BIs are not quick fixes, but part of a long-term behavior change strategy. An integrated BI package is needed to prevent unintended consequences, such as increased physical activity leading to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. BIs can be applied in a wide range of settings, including primary care in the general population, prisons and other settings for vulnerable groups. Results BI deliver immediate and long-term health, economic and social benefits. For example, BIs for smoking cessation can help individuals increase their life expectancy by up to 10 years, as well as reducing the risk of NCDs including stroke, lung cancer and CHD. Economic benefits include increased personal income and higher productivity, whilst social benefits include improved relationships and children being less likely to take up smoking. Conclusions WHO have published reports and training packages focused on the 5As and 5Rs brief interventions model in four major NCD risk factors: smoking, alcohol, unhealthy nutrition and physical inactivity. However, BI implementation remains low. To address this, WHO are currently working on a Manual for Integrated BI for NCD risk factors to support countries to implement, establish and promote BIs in their primary health care setting. It will contain information on health systems organization, intervention delivery, training and capacity building for healthcare professionals, referrals and follow-up, health literacy, and monitoring and evaluation strategies.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in rural residents of the Altai Krai: data from the ESSE-RF study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 4374
Author(s):  
A. V. Aleksentseva ◽  
I. V. Osipova ◽  
T. V. Repkina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Aim. To study the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among rural residents of the Altai Krai.Material and methods. The object is a sample of male and female population obtained during the ESSE-RF study. The survey was conducted using a standard questionnaire. We assessed the level of blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, height, weight of the respondents. The study involved 765 people living in rural areas aged 25-64 years, 35,4% of whom were men (n=271) and 64,6% — women (n=494). The mean age was 44,8±11,6 and 45,6±11,8, respectively.Results. The prevalence of hypertension was 40,3% (men, 42,1%; women, 39,4%). In addition, 77,6% of the respondents were informed about their blood pressure. With age, the incidence of elevated blood pressure increases, from 13,8% at 25-34 years to 64% in the 55-64 age group. Obesity was revealed in 34,2% of the population (men, 22,4%; women, 44,9%). Hypercholesterolemia occurs in 56,2% (men, 45,9%; women, 62,4%). The prevalence of diabetes was 4,3% (men, 2,2%; women, 5,7%). The prevalence of smoking in the sample was 24,1% (men, 50,9%; women, 9,6%). Excessive salt intake was found in 60,4%, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits — in 62,1% of respondents.Conclusion. The study made it possible to assess the prevalence of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in rural residents of the Altai Krai. Analysis shows that smoking dominates in men, while obesity and hypercholesterolemia — in women. Among the representatives of both sexes, a high rate of low physical activity and poor nutrition was noted. The data obtained determines the need and priorities for preventive measures to increase the motivation of residents to follow a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Knowledge Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among Rural People in a Selected Area of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondker Saif Imtiaz ◽  
Mahmuda Chowdhury ◽  
Humaira Nazneen ◽  
Nasreen Begum ◽  
Nushrat Tamanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major public health concerns throughout the world. In 2013, there were 382 million people living with DM, and this number is projected to increase to 471 million by 2035. It affects large number of people of wide range of ethnic and economic levels in both developed and developing countries.Objective : The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus among rural people in a selected area of Bangladesh.Methods : A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to January 2016 among 400 people of a village of Gazipur district. The data were collected by using pre tested, semi-structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. Non probability purposive sampling technique was followed. Knowledge related variable were initial symptoms, curability, prevention, risk factors, complications, changes occur inside the body, perceived causes and investigation of DM. Data analysis was done by statistical software, SPSS version 20.Results : Out of 400 respondents, majority (47.50%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most (58.25%) of them were male and in terms of educational status 80.5% respondents were literate having varying levels of education. Majority (48.75%) of respondents were service holder. Nearly all of respondents (92%) heard about DM and their source of information was from neighbour 28.89% followed by health care provider 27.71%. Majority of respondents had good knowledge regarding initial symptoms 53.80% and curability 60.86% of DM. Most of them had fair knowledge regarding prevention 35.86% and risk factors 48.09% of DM. Majority 70.92% respondents had poor knowledge regarding complications of diabetes mellitus. Most respondents had no knowledge regarding changes occur inside the body 75.27%, perceived causes of DM 61.69% and investigation 61.41% of DM.Conclusion : This study concluded that good knowledge was found on initial symptom and curability of Diabetes mellitus, fair knowledge on risk factor and prevention and poor knowledge was found regarding complications of DM. No knowledge was found regarding changes occur inside the body, perceived causes and investigation of Diabetes mellitus. Therefore, effective awareness and health education program to the rural people regarding various aspects of Diabetes mellitus are in urgent need.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(2) Jan 2016: 131-134

scholarly journals Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention In Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Overview of Health in All Policies (HiAP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802092788
Author(s):  
Nweke Ebele Ndubuisi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Tobacco Usage ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Noncommunicable disease (NCD) causes about 35 million deaths and accounts for 60% of all deaths, of which 80% is in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). NCDs will account for 80% of the global burden of disease by 2020 and account for 7 out of every 10 deaths in LMIC. NCD is no longer an emerging problem in developing countries, it’s assuming an alarming dimension, and taking on the proportion of an epidemic. Several literatures document the known risk factors for significant NCDs. The critical risk factors are tobacco usage, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and detrimental usage of alcohol. To reverse the trend that leads to an increase in poor dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use will need policies that transcend the health sector and policy change in different areas such as finance, urban planning, education, agriculture, and transportation.

scholarly journals Features of the development of diets for preschool children in celiac patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
V. M. Tiunov ◽  
O. V. Chugunova ◽  
D. V. Grashchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestine Mucosa ◽  
Nutrition Balance ◽  
Gluten Enteropathy

The article presents the results of a study on the development of diets for feeding children with food polyvalent allergy, incl. and gluten at the age of 3–7 years for feeding children in pre-school educational organizations. Food allergies to gluten or gluten enteropathy (celiac disease) is a chronic human disease in which eating food from wheat, rye, and barley grain causes a wide range of pathological changes in the body: damage to the small intestine mucosa, a sharp deterioration in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The developed 10 day menu, corresponding to the principles of the child's nutritional needs (physiological norms of consumption), distribution of nutrition during the day, the child's need for food. The data of caloric distribution of the diet for individual meals are presented. The evaluation of the nutrition balance of children was carried out on the basis of the SanPiN guidelines 2.4.1.3049-13. Satisfaction of diurnal physiological norms of consumption on the main macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and energy value of the diet on the basis of the analysis of menu-layouts is considered. It is shown that measures to form healthy food habits in preschool children as part of a healthy lifestyle should be systemic, ensuring continuity and continuity of this process, as well as taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children. Since the gluten-free diet is a health preventive for people with celiac compliance, it needs a long time.

scholarly journals A Research Agenda for Cancer and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 122s-122s
Author(s):  
I. Kataria ◽  
M. Siddiqui ◽  
L. Squiers ◽  
P.K. Dhillon ◽  
T. Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
And Control

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, account for approximately 38 million deaths each year, and almost 75% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. NCDs contribute to 60% of total deaths in India, and of concern are the premature deaths, which account for a staggering 48% mortality and can be prevented. Aim: Establish a consensus research agenda for cancer and NCD prevention and control that has the potential to impact polices, programs and health care delivery. Methods: To develop a NCD research agenda for India, we engaged our community collaborative board (CCB), which included NCD-focused global, national- and state-level stakeholders, and our scientific advisory group (SAG), which included global and national NCD experts, in a three-step process using two Web-based surveys and one in-person meeting. First, we used Delphi methodology to generate topics. Eighteen stakeholders from both CCB and SAG responded to the first Web-based survey generating 165 research ideas during the first round. After accounting for clustering and duplication, we had 56 unique research ideas. Second, these ideas were deliberated upon during the in-person meeting where each participant with a set of 10 stickers placed them next to the research priority(ies) that they felt are important for prevention and control of cancer and NCDs in India. This generated 23 research ideas, which were subjected to SWOT analysis in pairs by the stakeholders using Snowcard methodology with SAG and CCB. The stakeholders prioritized the shortlisted topics based on level of effort and potential to impact NCDs in India. Finally, 15 low effort, high impact priority research ideas for various health outcomes across research disciplines were identified based on discussion with the larger group to reach consensus. The second Web-based survey resulted in identification of 5 key priority research ideas by all stakeholders as being the most important. Results: The 5 prioritized research ideas in order of importance are: (1) development of interventions to empower primary physicians and health workers in early diagnosis of NCDs; (2) evaluation of health system strengthening programs for NCD control; (3) feasibility of integrated care models at primary care level to address multimorbid chronic conditions; (4) development of India specific methods and tools for monitoring trends on NCD morbidity, mortality and risk factors; and (5) identification of effective strategies to mobilize individuals toward NCD screening activities. Conclusion: Development of a consensus research agenda for India is a critical gap needed to pursue resources required to address pressing needs in cancer and other NCDs. The rising mortality and morbidity resulting from cancer and NCDs with similar risk factors, warrants the timely implementation of this agenda. This will generate the evidence-base from which new policies and practices can be used to reduce cancer and other NCDs in India.

scholarly journals "Big" Food, Tobacco, and Alcohol: Reducing Industry Influence on Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Laws and Policies Comment on "Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences"

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Reeve ◽  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Market Promotion

The food, tobacco and alcohol industries have penetrated markets in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with a significant impact on these countries’ burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Tangcharoensathien and colleagues describe the aggressive marketing of unhealthy food, alcohol and tobacco in LMICs, as well as key tactics used by these industries to resist laws and policies designed to reduce behavioural risk factors for NCDs. This commentary expands on the recommendations made by Tangcharoensathien and colleagues for preventing or managing conflicts of interest and reducing undue industry influence on NCD prevention policies and laws, focusing on the needs of LMICs. A growing body of research proposes ways to design voluntary industry initiatives to make them more effective, transparent and accountable, but governments should also consider whether collaboration with health-harming industries is ever appropriate. More fundamentally, mechanisms for identifying, managing and mitigating conflicts of interest and reducing industry influence must be woven into – and supported by – broader governance and regulatory structures at both national and international levels.

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