scholarly journals Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention In Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Overview of Health in All Policies (HiAP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802092788
Author(s):  
Nweke Ebele Ndubuisi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Tobacco Usage ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Noncommunicable disease (NCD) causes about 35 million deaths and accounts for 60% of all deaths, of which 80% is in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). NCDs will account for 80% of the global burden of disease by 2020 and account for 7 out of every 10 deaths in LMIC. NCD is no longer an emerging problem in developing countries, it’s assuming an alarming dimension, and taking on the proportion of an epidemic. Several literatures document the known risk factors for significant NCDs. The critical risk factors are tobacco usage, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and detrimental usage of alcohol. To reverse the trend that leads to an increase in poor dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use will need policies that transcend the health sector and policy change in different areas such as finance, urban planning, education, agriculture, and transportation.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases prevention in low- and middle-income countries: an overview of Health in All Policies (HiAP)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Ebele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Low And Middle Income

NCD causes an estimated 35 million deaths annually and accounts for 60% of all deaths globally, of which 80% is in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). NCDs will account for 80% of the global burden of disease by 2020. And will be responsible for seven out of every ten deaths in LMIC, more than double the current trend today. NCD is no longer an emerging problem in developing countries, it is assuming an alarming dimension, and it's taking on the proportion of an epidemic. The known risk factors for significant NCDs are well documented. The critical risk factors are tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. To reverse the current trend that leads to an increase in poor dietary pattern, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use- will require policies that transcend the health sector and policy change in different areas such as finance, urban planning, education, agriculture, and transportation.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases prevention in low- and middle-income countries: an overview of Health in All Policies (HiAP)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Ebele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Low And Middle Income

NCD causes an estimated 35 million deaths annually and accounts for 60% of all deaths globally, of which 80% is in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). NCDs will account for 80% of the global burden of disease by 2020. And will be responsible for seven out of every ten deaths in LMIC, more than double the current trend today. NCD is no longer an emerging problem in developing countries, it is assuming an alarming dimension, and it's taking on the proportion of an epidemic. The known risk factors for significant NCDs are well documented. The critical risk factors are tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. To reverse the current trend that leads to an increase in poor dietary pattern, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use- will require policies that transcend the health sector and policy change in different areas such as finance, urban planning, education, agriculture, and transportation.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases prevention in low- and middle-income countries: an overview of Health in All Policies (HiAP)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Ebele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Low And Middle Income

NCD causes an estimated 35 million deaths annually and accounts for 60% of all deaths globally, of which 80% is in low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). NCDs will account for 80% of the global burden of disease by 2020. And will be responsible for seven out of every ten deaths in LMIC, more than double the current trend today. NCD is no longer an emerging problem in developing countries, it is assuming an alarming dimension, and it's taking on the proportion of an epidemic. The known risk factors for significant NCDs is well documented. The critical risk factors are tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. To reverse the current trend that leads to an increase in poor dietary pattern, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use- will requires policies that transcend the health sector and policy change in different areas such as finance, urban planning, education, agriculture, and transportation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cameroon’s Sectoral Policies on Physical Activity for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12713
Author(s):  
Lambed Tatah ◽  
Clarisse Mapa-Tassou ◽  
Maylene Shung-King ◽  
Tolu Oni ◽  
James Woodcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Multiple Health

Physical inactivity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), urbanisation and sedentary living are rapidly growing in tandem. Increasing active living requires the participation of multiple sectors, yet it is unclear whether physical activity (PA)-relevant sectors in LMICs are prioritising PA. We investigated to what extent sectors that influence PA explicitly integrate it in their policies in an LMIC such as Cameroon. We systematically identified policy documents relevant to PA and NCD prevention in Cameroon; and using the Walt and Gilson policy triangle we described, analysed, and interpreted the policy contexts, contents, processes, and actors. We found 17 PA and NCD policy documents spanning from 1974 to 2019 across seven ministries. Thirteen (13/17) policies targeted infrastructure improvement, and four (4/17) targeted communication for behaviour change, all aiming to enhance leisure domain PA. Only the health sector explicitly acknowledged the role of PA in NCD prevention. Notably, no policy from the transport sector mentioned PA. Our findings highlight the need for intersectoral action to integrate PA into policies in all relevant sectors. These actions will need to encompass the breadth of PA domains, including transport, while emphasising the multiple health benefits of PA for the population.

scholarly journals Gaps in Capacity in Primary Care in Low-Resource Settings for Implementation of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mendis ◽  
Igbal Al Bashir ◽  
Lanka Dissanayake ◽  
Cherian Varghese ◽  
Ibtihal Fadhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Objective.The objective was to evaluate the capacity of primary care (PC) facilities to implement basic interventions for prevention and management of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Methods.A cross-sectional survey was done in eight low- and middle-income countries (Benin, Bhutan, Eritrea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, and Vietnam) in 90 PC facilities randomly selected. The survey included questions on the availability of human resources, equipment, infrastructure, medicines, utilization of services, financing, medical information, and referral systems.Results and Conclusions.Major deficits were identified in health financing, access to basic technologies and medicines, medical information systems, and the health workforce. The study has provided the foundation for strengthening PC to address noncommunicable diseases. There are important implications of the findings of this study for all low- and middle-income countries as capacity of PC is fundamental for equitable prevention and control of NCDs.

scholarly journals "Big" Food, Tobacco, and Alcohol: Reducing Industry Influence on Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Laws and Policies Comment on "Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences"

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Reeve ◽  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Market Promotion

The food, tobacco and alcohol industries have penetrated markets in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with a significant impact on these countries’ burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Tangcharoensathien and colleagues describe the aggressive marketing of unhealthy food, alcohol and tobacco in LMICs, as well as key tactics used by these industries to resist laws and policies designed to reduce behavioural risk factors for NCDs. This commentary expands on the recommendations made by Tangcharoensathien and colleagues for preventing or managing conflicts of interest and reducing undue industry influence on NCD prevention policies and laws, focusing on the needs of LMICs. A growing body of research proposes ways to design voluntary industry initiatives to make them more effective, transparent and accountable, but governments should also consider whether collaboration with health-harming industries is ever appropriate. More fundamentally, mechanisms for identifying, managing and mitigating conflicts of interest and reducing industry influence must be woven into – and supported by – broader governance and regulatory structures at both national and international levels.

scholarly journals An analysis of policy and funding priorities of global actors regarding noncommunicable disease in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanykey Jailobaeva ◽  
Jennifer Falconer ◽  
Giulia Loffreda ◽  
Stella Arakelyan ◽  
Sophie Witter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including mental health, have become a major concern in low- and middle-income countries. Despite increased attention to them over the past decade, progress toward addressing NCDs has been slow. A lack of bold policy commitments has been suggested as one of the contributors to limited progress in NCD prevention and management. However, the policies of key global actors (bilateral, multilateral, and not-for-profit organisations) have been understudied. Methods This study aimed to map the key global actors investing in action regarding NCDs and review their policies to examine the articulation of priorities regarding NCDs. Narrative synthesis of 70 documents and 31 policy papers was completed, and related to data collated from the Global Health Data Visualisation Tool. Results In 2019 41% of development assistance for health committed to NCDs came from private philanthropies, while that for other global health priorities from this source was just 20%. Through a range of channels, bilateral donors were the other major source of NCD funding (contributing 41% of NCD funding). The UK and the US were the largest bilateral investors in NCDs, each contributing 8%. However, NCDs are still under-prioritised within bilateral portfolios – receiving just 0.48% of US funding and 1.66% of the UK. NGOs were the key channels of funding for NCDs, spending 48% of the funds from donors in 2019. The reviewed literature generally focused on NCD policies of WHO, with policies of multilateral and bilateral donors given limited attention. The analysis of policies indicated a limited prioritisation of NCDs in policy documents. NCDs are framed in the policies as a barrier to economic growth, poverty reduction, and health system sustainability. Bilateral donors prioritise prevention, while multilateral actors offer policy options for NCD prevention and care. Even where stated as a priority, however, funding allocations are not aligned. Conclusion The growing threat of NCDs and their drivers are increasingly recognised. However, global actors’ policy priorities and funding allocations need to align better to address these NCD threats. Given the level of their investment and engagement, more research is needed into the role of private philanthropies and NGOs in this area.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on the care of people living with noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: an online survey of physicians and pharmacists in nine countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bullen ◽  
Jessica McCormack ◽  
Amanda Calder ◽  
Varsha Parag ◽  
Kannan Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where people may have limited access to affordable quality care, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to have a particularly adverse impact on the health and healthcare of individuals with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). A World Health Organization survey found that disruption of delivery of healthcare for NCDs was more significant in LMICs than in high-income countries. However, the study did not elicit insights into the day-to-day impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare by front-line healthcare workers (FLHCWs). Aim: To gain insights directly from FLHCWs working in countries with a high NCD burden, and thereby identify opportunities to improve the provision of healthcare during the current pandemic and in future healthcare emergencies. Methods: We recruited selected frontline healthcare workers (general practitioners, pharmacists, and other medical specialists) from nine countries to complete an online survey (n = 1347). Survey questions focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practice and NCDs; barriers to clinical care during the pandemic; and innovative responses to the many challenges presented by the pandemic. Findings: The majority of FLHCWs responding to our survey reported that their care of patients had been impacted both adversely and positively by the public health measures imposed. Most FLHCs (95%) reported a deterioration in the mental health of their patients. Conclusions: Continuity of care for NCDs as part of pandemic preparedness is needed so that chronic conditions are not exacerbated by public health measures and the direct impacts of the pandemic.

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