scholarly journals A New Application Method of Radar/Raingauge-Analyzed Precipitation Amounts for Long-term Statistical Analyses of Localized Heavy Rainfall Areas

SOLA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Hirockawa ◽  
Teruyuki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Application Method

scholarly journals FORMALIZATION OF CONTROL MECHANISMS: THE CASE OF SMALL COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Andriamasimanana Origene Harizofinoana ◽  
Andriamasimanana Origene Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Modern Management

Control mechanisms are the major problem for small companies such as VSEs and SMEs today. A hypothetical-deductive approach was adopted in this research to demonstrate that the more the size of companies changes, the more the degree of formalization of control systems increases. The study based on the case of 25 Malagasy companies through statistical analyses confirmed this hypothesis. VSEs still have great difficulty in implementing a control system that meets their long-term needs due to lack of resources and the use of modern management tools linked to control systems also varies according to their size. Innovation in this sense is necessary to enable small companies to better control their activities and to ensure a very good performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Moisture Level Using Precipitation Indices as a Landslide Triggering Factor—A Study of Coonoor Hill Station

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Suribabu ◽  
Evangelin Ramani Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Hill Station ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

Extreme heavy rainfall events in the hilly region pose a great threat to public safety and causes dangerous landslides in the region. Several factors contribute to a landslide and, hence, it is essential to analyze the causes of such related incidents in all possible ways. Though rainfall is the major triggering factor for most of the landslides in the Western Ghats, the long period antecedent moisture level prevailing in the soil of a hilly terrain cannot be ignored. Few of the drought assessing and monitoring indices available in literature can be adopted to predict the degree of wetness from long-term precipitation data of the region. In the present work, three moisture level assessment indices, namely, standardized precipitation index (SPI), China Z-index (CZI), and statistical Z-Score (SZS) index are used to categorize the antecedent moisture level of Coonoor station. Monthly rainfall data for a period of 81 years is used for the study. It is evident from the study that higher level of moisture followed by heavy rainfall triggers medium- to large-scale landslides. Further, from the study it is inferred that an early warning for a landslide can be given once cumulative rainfall exceeds 300 mm during continuous storm periods.

scholarly journals Statistical Characteristic of Heavy Rainfall Associated with Typhoons near Taiwan Based on High-Density Automatic Rain Gauge Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chieh Wu ◽  
Tzu-Hsiung Yen ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Cheng-Ku Yu ◽  
Shin-Gan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Rain Gauge Data ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

Abstract This study utilizes data compiled over 21 years (1993–2013) from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan to investigate the statistical characteristics of typhoon-induced rainfall for 53 typhoons that have impacted Taiwan. In this work the data are grouped into two datasets: one includes 21 selected conventional weather stations (referred to as Con-ST), and the other contains all the available rain gauges (250–500 gauges, mostly automatic ones; referred to as All-ST). The primary aim of this study is to understand the potential impacts of the different gauge distributions between All-ST and Con-ST on the statistical characteristics of typhoon-induced rainfall. The analyses indicate that although the average rainfall amount calculated with Con-ST is statistically similar to that with All-ST, the former cannot identify the precipitation extremes and rainfall distribution appropriately, especially in mountainous areas. Because very few conventional stations are located over the mountainous regions, the cumulative frequency obtained solely from Con-ST is not representative. As compared to the results from All-ST, the extreme rainfall assessed from Con-ST is, on average, underestimated by 23%–44% for typhoons approaching different portions of Taiwan. The uneven distribution of Con-ST, with only three stations located in the mountains higher than 1000 m, is likely to cause significant biases in the interpretation of rainfall patterns. This study illustrates the importance of the increase in the number of available stations in assessing the long-term rainfall characteristic of typhoon-associated heavy rainfall in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Imperial Rule, the Imposition of Bureaucratic Institutions, and their Long-Term Legacies

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 806-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions

AbstractSignificant variation in the institutions and efficiency of public bureaucracies across countries and regions are observed. These differences could be partially responsible for divergence in the effectiveness of policy implementation, corruption levels, and economic development. Do imperial legacies contribute to the observed variation in the organization of public administrations? Historical foreign rule and colonization have been shown to have lasting effects on legal systems, political institutions, and trade in former controlled territories. Imperial legacies could also explain variations in the performance of public administrations. The author uses the case of Poland to investigate the long-term effects of foreign rule on bureaucratic systems. Historically, Poland was split between three imperial powers with very different public administrations: Prussia, Austria, and Russia. Statistical analyses of original data collected through a survey of more than 650 Polish public administrations suggest that some present-day differences in the organization and efficiency of bureaucracies are due to imperial legacies.

Long-term Variability of Summer Heavy Rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Taeho Mun ◽  
◽  
Changyong Park ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Dong-Hyun Cha
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area

scholarly journals Statistical analyses of long-term variability of AGN at high radio frequencies

2007 ◽  
Vol 469 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hovatta ◽  
M. Tornikoski ◽  
M. Lainela ◽  
H. J. Lehto ◽  
E. Valtaoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Radio Frequencies

scholarly journals Drainage investigation of surface runoff for highway pavement

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Aqeel Al-adili ◽  
Rasha Abdulamir ◽  
Hawra Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Water Seepage ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Wheel Track

The aim of this study is to establish the effect of heavy rainfall and the chosen pavement layers on the drainage design, material selection and rutting resistance of the flexible pavement. The test in present study was started with wheel track passing without load and without rain falling on the pavement for a period of time, and it was noticed that no distress appeared on the surface of the pavement. Then, the load is gradually added by using wheel track load of 106 psi for five tests without rain falling and five other tests with gradually increasing rain fall duration and intensity. Deterioration and distresses appeared on the pavement when increasing the wheel track load to (150 psi) under high intensity rain and long term duration of rain fall. By increasing the number of days, which is 103 days of study, when the pavement is saturated, the extra amount of the water will runoff. The clogging material which caused a decrease in the water seepage, increases the time of runoff ending. The clogging materials of fine particles that get deposited on the surface of the pavement resulted by passing the wheel track loading and wear & tear of the pavement surface, and other clogging materials such as salt in the water will penetrate to the pavement and seal the voids and decrease its water seepage. The water seepage decreases by increasing number of days, so the amount of the absorbed water decreases by 89% after 71 days of testing for high rain intensity (116 ml/min.).

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