scholarly journals Evaluasi Sistem Informasi Penjualan Kredit dan Piutang Dagang

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
I Gusti Made Karmawan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Computer Method ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Sales Systems

This study evaluates the implementation of management control and internal controls in application of sales systems information as a basis to support and produce accurate information in decision making. The methods used are bibliography study, interview, observation and questionnaire in the form of check lists. Following is an analysis conducted on the survey findings and the identification of strengths and weaknesses of internal control. Then audit is performed using Audit around the Computer method. From the evaluation results obtained the strengths and weaknesses of internal control. Weaknesses are found to be expressed in the form of problem findings, the potential risks and recommendations for corrective actions. This study succeeded in obtaining the evaluation results for boundary control, input, output, security and operational in the information system of credit sales and account receivables. 

Board Independence and Internal Control Weakness: Evidence from SOX 404 Disclosures

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Chen ◽  
W. Robert Knechel ◽  
Vijaya Bhaskar Marisetty ◽  
Cameron Truong ◽  
Madhu Veeraraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
A Company ◽  
Jel Classifications

SUMMARY In this paper, we investigate whether board independence has an impact on the likelihood that a company reports weaknesses in internal controls. Using a sample of 11,226 firm-year observations spanning the period 2004–2012, we establish several findings. First, we document a negative relation between board independence and the disclosure of internal control weaknesses. We also document that the negative relation is stronger for firms with unitary leadership (combined positions of CEO and chairman) than for firms with dual leadership. Next, we show that board independence is associated with both fewer account-specific and company-level weaknesses. Finally, we show that board independence is associated with timely remediation of internal control weaknesses and that the implementation of Auditing Standard No. 5 in 2007 weakens the effect of board independence on the disclosure of ICW. JEL Classifications: G10; G18.

scholarly journals Control en de controllerfunctie

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. J. Vaassen
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Management Controls

Management control en internal control zijn processen, ofwel onderling samenhangende activiteiten die ertoe moeten leiden dat organisaties ‘in control’ komen of blijven. De controller zal in meer of mindere mate steunen op management controls dan wel internal controls. De functie van controller wordt tegenwoordig op verschillende manieren ingevuld. Afhankelijk van de invulling die een bepaalde controller aan zijn functie geeft, zal hij in meer of mindere mate steunen op management control of internal control. De laatste decennia laten een ontwikkeling zien waarin de interne controle is opgeschoven van controle gericht op de betrouwbaarheid van informatie, via controle gericht op de kwaliteit van de bedrijfsvoering, naar beheersing van de processen in organisaties en daarmee het huidige internal control. Daarmee vertoont internal control sterke overeenkomsten met management control. Dit artikel stelt dat, om te voorkomen dat de controller verwordt tot een statische functie die zich niet aanpast aan de veranderingen in de organisatie en haar omgeving, het onderscheid tussen management control en internal control moet worden losgelaten en dat de gesignaleerde convergentietendens tussen management control en internal control nastrevenswaardig is.

The Application of The Corporate Governance In Management of Islamic Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Al Siddig Talha M. Rahma ◽  
Durria Hyder Siddeg Musa
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
Transparency And Disclosure

One of the most issues noticed by researchers and suggested from investors is Corporate Governance, addressing the need for company management control, dividing economical unit from its ownership and improving the performance of the board of managers, auditors, accounting system, internal control, and finally maintaining investors and stakeholders' rights. Using better managers in companies results in improvement of their performance.              So the purpose  of this paper comes to examine the determinants of the Islamic bank's product and services disclosure strengths and weaknesses of corporate governance.  , and suggest ways in which can be improved, the results reported across perspective and levels of analyses through, global, regional, legal systems, regularity quality and bank size. The results indicate that the strongest theme of corporate governance for Islamic banks in the sample is Transparency and Disclosure, followed by Internal Controls and External Audit. At the other extreme, the weakest corporate governance theme is Risk Governance, followed by Shariah Governance and the Boards of Directors     . 

The Impact of Information Technology Internal Controls on Firm Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemuria D. Carter ◽  
Brandis Phillips ◽  
Porche Millington
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Impact

Since the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act in 2002, companies have begun to place more emphasis on information technology (IT) internal controls. IT internal controls are policies that provide assurance that technical systems operate as intended, provide reliable data, and comply with regulations. Research suggests that firms with strong internal controls perform better than those with internal control weaknesses. In this study, the authors evaluate the impact of IT internal controls on firm performance. The sample includes 72 publicly traded firms, 36 that reported IT internal control weaknesses and 36 that did not. The results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression indicate that substantive IT internal control weaknesses negatively impact firm performance. Results and implications for research and practice are discussed.

Earnings Management of Firms Reporting Material Internal Control Weaknesses under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam C. Chan ◽  
Barbara Farrell ◽  
Picheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Reported Earnings

SUMMARY: The main objectives of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are to improve the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosure. Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the external auditor has to report an assessment of the firm’s internal controls and attest to management’s assessment of the firm’s internal controls. Material weaknesses in internal controls must be disclosed in the auditor and management reports. The objective of this study is to examine if firms reporting material internal control weaknesses under Section 404 have more earnings management compared to other firms. The results provide mild evidence that there are more positive and absolute discretionary accruals for firms reporting material internal control weaknesses than for other firms. Since the findings of ineffective internal controls by auditors under Section 404 may cause firms to improve their internal controls, Section 404 has the potential benefits of reducing the opportunity of intentional and unintentional accounting errors and of improving the quality of reported earnings.

Sunshine Center: An Instructional Case Evaluating Internal Controls in a Small Organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Fleak ◽  
Keith E. Harrison ◽  
Laurie A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses

ABSTRACT: Management and auditors face increased responsibilities to evaluate internal control and assess the risk of fraud. This case provides the opportunity to evaluate internal controls and the possibility of fraud in a very small not-for-profit child care center, a setting that is easy to understand. The first goal of the case is to identify internal control weaknesses by applying the COSO internal control framework in an environment that lacks many aspects of internal control. Interactions among the five components of the COSO framework provide the basis for analyzing internal control. The case requires students to consider possible misappropriation of funds using the fraud triangle. A secondary goal of the case is to introduce financial reporting for a not-for-profit organization as a means of accountability.

SOX 404 Reported Internal Control Weaknesses: A Test of COSO Framework Components and Information Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie K. Klamm ◽  
Marcia Weidenmier Watson
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
First Year ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses

ABSTRACT: This paper examines internal controls, from both an information technology (IT) and non-IT perspective, in relation to the five components of the Committee of Sponsoring Organization's Internal Control-Integrated Framework (COSO 1992), as well as the achievement of one of COSO's three objectives-reporting reliability. Our sample consists of 490 firms with material weaknesses reported under Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 during the first year of compliance. We classify the weaknesses by COSO component and as IT-related or non-IT-related. Our results support the interrelationships of the COSO Framework. The results also show that the number of misstated accounts is positively related to the number of weak COSO components (i.e., scope) and certain weak COSO components (i.e., existence). Firms with IT-related weak components report more material weaknesses and misstatements than firms without IT-related weak components, providing evidence on the pervasive negative impact of weak IT controls, especially in control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring.

scholarly journals Internal Control Weakness and Managerial Myopia: Evidence from SOX Section 404 Disclosures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Financial Reporting Quality ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Managerial Myopia ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
The Impact

Problem/ Relevance: Managerial myopia is an important issue of interests to academics, practitioners, and regulators as managers have been condemned for their obsession with short-term earnings and myopic investment decisions that sacrifice firms’ long term value for shareholders. This article contributes by examining whether the quality of firms’ internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) is associated with managerial myopia. Research Objective/ Questions: The purpose of this study is to examine whether managers in firms reporting material internal control weaknesses (ICW) under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 engage in myopic behaviors more than those in firms without reporting ICW. Methodology: The study uses the logit regression model to investigate a sample obtained from Compustat for the period of 2005-2013. Major Findings: The study finds a positive association between internal control weaknesses reported by auditors under Section 404 of the SOX and managerial short-termism which is measured by the probability of cutting R&D expenses in the current year from the previous year. Implications: Whereas prior studies mostly examine the impact of internal controls on accounting quality, this study demonstrates the implication of internal controls beyond financial reporting quality by showing an association between internal control quality and managerial myopia. Future research may further investigate the association between firms’ financial reporting quality and managerial investment decisions.

Directors' and Officers' Legal Liability Insurance and Internal Control Weaknesses

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Zheng Chen ◽  
Edmund C. Keung
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Directors And Officers ◽  
Personal Liability

ABSTRACT Directors' and officers' (D&O) legal liability insurance releases directors and officers from the threat of litigation and personal liability stemming from their decisions on behalf of the corporation. While researchers have examined some of the determinants of internal control weaknesses, it is not clear whether excess D&O coverage motivates managers to weaken the quality of firms' internal controls. This study examines whether excess D&O coverage affects the effectiveness of internal controls. Based on a sample of Taiwanese listed firms for the period 2008 to 2012, we find that firms with excess D&O coverage exhibit a greater likelihood of internal control weaknesses. This finding is driven primarily by company-level weaknesses rather than by account-level weaknesses. Because the disclosure of D&O insurance may convey additional information about managers' actions, our findings have implications for other emerging markets.

scholarly journals Fraudulent Tax Refunds: The Notorious Career of Harriette Walters

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. A23-A38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip F. Jacoby ◽  
Sebastian Lorigo ◽  
Brent T. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Tax Refunds

SYNOPSIS: Harriette Walters embezzled more than $48 million from the District of Columbia by processing fraudulent real estate tax refunds. This paper describes the Walters scheme and discusses, from the perspective of the COSO framework, internal control weaknesses that enabled the fraud to go undetected for more than 20 years. While this analysis of the Walters fraud should be of interest to both accounting academics and audit professionals, it should be particularly helpful to students, financial managers, and inexperienced auditors in understanding the importance of effective internal controls for preventing and detecting fraud in a wide variety of organizational settings.

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