Board Independence and Internal Control Weakness: Evidence from SOX 404 Disclosures

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Chen ◽  
W. Robert Knechel ◽  
Vijaya Bhaskar Marisetty ◽  
Cameron Truong ◽  
Madhu Veeraraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
A Company ◽  
Jel Classifications

SUMMARY In this paper, we investigate whether board independence has an impact on the likelihood that a company reports weaknesses in internal controls. Using a sample of 11,226 firm-year observations spanning the period 2004–2012, we establish several findings. First, we document a negative relation between board independence and the disclosure of internal control weaknesses. We also document that the negative relation is stronger for firms with unitary leadership (combined positions of CEO and chairman) than for firms with dual leadership. Next, we show that board independence is associated with both fewer account-specific and company-level weaknesses. Finally, we show that board independence is associated with timely remediation of internal control weaknesses and that the implementation of Auditing Standard No. 5 in 2007 weakens the effect of board independence on the disclosure of ICW. JEL Classifications: G10; G18.

scholarly journals IPTEKS PENGENDALIAN INTERN ASET TETAP PADA PT. LUMBUNG BERKAT INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesella Lourina Makaluas ◽  
Winston Pontoh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Control Environment ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
A Company

PT Lumbung Berkat Indonesia, as a company entity engaged in construction, of course, this company has various types of fixed assets. The Company's fixed assets should be secured by means of internal controls of fixed assets that will oversee, control costs incurred to acquire fixed assets, increase or extend the fixed asset's useful life and increase operational contribution and productive capacity of fixed assets in order to safeguard the company's property. Based on the research that has been done at PT Lumbung Berkat Indonesia and the existing discussion, the conclusion that can be taken is that the internal control of fixed assets will run efficiently if the points that exist in the elements of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, related information , and monitoring has been well executed amongst companies to perform physical matching of fixed assets, appropriate division of functions and responsibilities, separating expenditures of income and expenses, following insurance against fixed assets, creating audit committees and implementing the abolition and disposal of fixed assets. Suggestions for better companies to explore the knowledge and application of internal control of good fixed assets for corporate activities to run effectively and efficiently and the presentation of financial statements and information about the company's fixed assets is accurate and reliable.Keywords: Internal Control, Fixed Assets

scholarly journals Evaluasi Sistem Pengendalian Internal Penerimaan Kas pada Apotek Kimia Farma 307 Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Vicky Roh Idhofi ◽  
S. Sudarno ◽  
Agung Budi S.
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
A Company ◽  
Collection Methods

Internal control system in a company is one form of action used to safeguard property owned by the company. The existence of an internal control system is expected to prevent the risk of errors occurring either intentional or without the element of intent. The risk of such errors can be derived from the various parties concerned. This is one reason that good procurement control system in an accounting system in this case is in the system of cash receipts. From the observation while at Kimia Farma 307 Banyuwangi seen that in a system of cash receipts from cash income services namely health checks and cash sales are still very modest. The accounting system of the cash receipts of the business activity is only using the document pickup. When viewed from the frequency of sales and service checks every day, the system that has been used is deemed to be less effective in terms of internal controls. This study aims to determine in real terms how the internal control system of cash receipts and evaluation of internal control systems at these pharmacies. This research uses qualitative method to analyze the data. The data obtained from three data collection methods are interview, observation and documentation. Keywords: system of internal control, cash receipts in cash, accounting system, system evaluation

The Impact of Information Technology Internal Controls on Firm Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemuria D. Carter ◽  
Brandis Phillips ◽  
Porche Millington
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Impact

Since the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act in 2002, companies have begun to place more emphasis on information technology (IT) internal controls. IT internal controls are policies that provide assurance that technical systems operate as intended, provide reliable data, and comply with regulations. Research suggests that firms with strong internal controls perform better than those with internal control weaknesses. In this study, the authors evaluate the impact of IT internal controls on firm performance. The sample includes 72 publicly traded firms, 36 that reported IT internal control weaknesses and 36 that did not. The results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression indicate that substantive IT internal control weaknesses negatively impact firm performance. Results and implications for research and practice are discussed.

Earnings Management of Firms Reporting Material Internal Control Weaknesses under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam C. Chan ◽  
Barbara Farrell ◽  
Picheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Reported Earnings

SUMMARY: The main objectives of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are to improve the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosure. Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the external auditor has to report an assessment of the firm’s internal controls and attest to management’s assessment of the firm’s internal controls. Material weaknesses in internal controls must be disclosed in the auditor and management reports. The objective of this study is to examine if firms reporting material internal control weaknesses under Section 404 have more earnings management compared to other firms. The results provide mild evidence that there are more positive and absolute discretionary accruals for firms reporting material internal control weaknesses than for other firms. Since the findings of ineffective internal controls by auditors under Section 404 may cause firms to improve their internal controls, Section 404 has the potential benefits of reducing the opportunity of intentional and unintentional accounting errors and of improving the quality of reported earnings.

Sunshine Center: An Instructional Case Evaluating Internal Controls in a Small Organization

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Fleak ◽  
Keith E. Harrison ◽  
Laurie A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses

ABSTRACT: Management and auditors face increased responsibilities to evaluate internal control and assess the risk of fraud. This case provides the opportunity to evaluate internal controls and the possibility of fraud in a very small not-for-profit child care center, a setting that is easy to understand. The first goal of the case is to identify internal control weaknesses by applying the COSO internal control framework in an environment that lacks many aspects of internal control. Interactions among the five components of the COSO framework provide the basis for analyzing internal control. The case requires students to consider possible misappropriation of funds using the fraud triangle. A secondary goal of the case is to introduce financial reporting for a not-for-profit organization as a means of accountability.

SOX 404 Reported Internal Control Weaknesses: A Test of COSO Framework Components and Information Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie K. Klamm ◽  
Marcia Weidenmier Watson
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
First Year ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses

ABSTRACT: This paper examines internal controls, from both an information technology (IT) and non-IT perspective, in relation to the five components of the Committee of Sponsoring Organization's Internal Control-Integrated Framework (COSO 1992), as well as the achievement of one of COSO's three objectives-reporting reliability. Our sample consists of 490 firms with material weaknesses reported under Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 during the first year of compliance. We classify the weaknesses by COSO component and as IT-related or non-IT-related. Our results support the interrelationships of the COSO Framework. The results also show that the number of misstated accounts is positively related to the number of weak COSO components (i.e., scope) and certain weak COSO components (i.e., existence). Firms with IT-related weak components report more material weaknesses and misstatements than firms without IT-related weak components, providing evidence on the pervasive negative impact of weak IT controls, especially in control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Sistem Informasi Penjualan Kredit dan Piutang Dagang

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
I Gusti Made Karmawan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Computer Method ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Sales Systems

This study evaluates the implementation of management control and internal controls in application of sales systems information as a basis to support and produce accurate information in decision making. The methods used are bibliography study, interview, observation and questionnaire in the form of check lists. Following is an analysis conducted on the survey findings and the identification of strengths and weaknesses of internal control. Then audit is performed using Audit around the Computer method. From the evaluation results obtained the strengths and weaknesses of internal control. Weaknesses are found to be expressed in the form of problem findings, the potential risks and recommendations for corrective actions. This study succeeded in obtaining the evaluation results for boundary control, input, output, security and operational in the information system of credit sales and account receivables. 

scholarly journals Internal Control Weakness and Managerial Myopia: Evidence from SOX Section 404 Disclosures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Financial Reporting Quality ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Managerial Myopia ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
The Impact

Problem/ Relevance: Managerial myopia is an important issue of interests to academics, practitioners, and regulators as managers have been condemned for their obsession with short-term earnings and myopic investment decisions that sacrifice firms’ long term value for shareholders. This article contributes by examining whether the quality of firms’ internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR) is associated with managerial myopia. Research Objective/ Questions: The purpose of this study is to examine whether managers in firms reporting material internal control weaknesses (ICW) under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 engage in myopic behaviors more than those in firms without reporting ICW. Methodology: The study uses the logit regression model to investigate a sample obtained from Compustat for the period of 2005-2013. Major Findings: The study finds a positive association between internal control weaknesses reported by auditors under Section 404 of the SOX and managerial short-termism which is measured by the probability of cutting R&D expenses in the current year from the previous year. Implications: Whereas prior studies mostly examine the impact of internal controls on accounting quality, this study demonstrates the implication of internal controls beyond financial reporting quality by showing an association between internal control quality and managerial myopia. Future research may further investigate the association between firms’ financial reporting quality and managerial investment decisions.

Economic Determinants and Consequences of the Proactive Disclosure of Internal Control Weaknesses and Remediation Progress in IPOs

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Basu ◽  
Jagan Krishnan ◽  
Jong Eun Lee ◽  
Yinqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Litigation Risk ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Going Public ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Jel Classifications

SUMMARY This study investigates (1) why some IPO firms proactively disclose internal control weaknesses (ICWs) and remediation progress in their prospectuses before going public, despite being exempt from the requirements of Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act at the time of IPO, and (2) the association of such disclosures with IPO underpricing (i.e., the first-day return). We find that IPO firms that proactively disclose ICWs and remediation progress have higher litigation risk, are audited by industry specialist auditors, and are more likely to have audit committees prior to the IPO, compared with firms that do not disclose such information, after controlling for the ex ante probability of having ICWs. IPO underpricing is lower for firms that disclose ICWs and remediation progress, consistent with the conjecture that the disclosure of ICWs and remediation progress signals extensive premarket due diligence, thus reducing the information asymmetry between informed and uninformed investors. JEL Classifications: G24; K22; M13; M41; M42; M49.

Internal Control Material Weaknesses and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. A80-A104
Author(s):  
Yi-Hung Lin ◽  
Meghann A. Cefaratti ◽  
Chih-Chen Lee ◽  
Hua-Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Control Environment ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between internal control material weaknesses (ICMWs), as measured by presence, number, and type, and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations. Our results indicate that firms with ICMWs are more likely to violate the FCPA and firms with multiple ICMWs have a higher likelihood of violating the FCPA than firms with fewer ICMWs. Further, firms with ICMWs related to the risk assessment, control environment, and control activities components of internal controls (based on the COSO Internal Control—Integrated Framework) present a higher risk of FCPA violations than firms without ICMWs in those areas. These findings substantiate the importance of effective internal controls in supporting firms' regulatory compliance. JEL Classifications: M42; M48; D73.

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