Financial statements as the main source of information on the enterprise activity

The essence of effective management of each business entity depends primarily on transparency and disclosure of information about its financial and economic activities. The financial report itself covers all important information about the state of the enterprise and provides an opportunity to obtain financial status with it by the interested user for further analysis and decision-making on further activities. As a rule, investors of creditors, state bodies, representatives who are preparing in construction with the business entity are interested in financial reporting. In order to provide more detailed and informative financial reporting to users, it is necessary to compile it with international standards, which act as tools for globalization of the economy and contribute to the development of global economic relations. During 2020–2021, the activities of enterprises took place in extremely difficult conditions, which is why the pandemic significantly affected the financial reporting indicators. Today, there is an appropriate use of intelligent technology and computer technology in the formation of financial statements. Financial statements based on taxonomies of financial statements for IFRS are prepared and presented in a single electronic format using Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). XBRL is a generally accepted international standard for presenting financial statements in accordance with IFRS in electronic form. With the help of IFRS, Ukrainian companies have more effectively solved the following tasks: attracting investments and loans from the world's largest companies and banks, the ability to service financing from foreign banks and other organizations; placement of shares on international stock exchanges; providing the company's management with reliable information for making management decisions, as well as evaluating their adoption. Thus, today the economy of Ukraine depends on the choice of IFRS as a conceptual basis for accounting and its practical implementation. After all, the financial statements are fully open to internal and external users to make informed management decisions regarding cooperation with the relevant entity.

Signaling authenticity for frontlineservice employees

Purpose Authenticity is a complex character that is valued in service contexts. Frontline service employees (FSEs), as both brand representatives and individuals who interact with clients, can signal their authenticity to customers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how FSEs signal their authenticity to customers. The authors investigate authenticity signal themes and develop a typology of how FSEs use these signals in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a multi-method approach: qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with FSE and customers and quantitative data were collected in a follow-up survey using a sample of financial planners. Findings Findings from both studies show that FSE can use signals reflecting the display of client-centricity, positive emotions, transparency and disclosure of personal information. A latent profile analysis reveals three authenticity signal profiles, differing in the extent to which FSE uses each of these signals. Research limitations/implications This study identifies how FSEs can shape perceptions of authenticity in a service context, thus expanding theory by integrating both personal and brand authenticity perspectives. The findings further demonstrate that authenticity can be signaled on multiple dimensions, reflecting the complex nature of this construct. Practical implications The findings from this research can guide managers in developing workplace policies that enable FSEs to display authenticity in various ways to customers. Managers can further use the insights from this research to identify needs for FSE training and development. Originality/value The authors create novel insights into how FSEs signal authenticity to customers given their dual roles as individuals and brand representatives. This study offers nuanced insights into different types of signals and their application in a service context.

Modern Slavery Disclosure Regulation and Global Supply Chains: Insights from Stakeholder Narratives on the UK Modern Slavery Act

The purpose of this article is to problematise a particular social transparency and disclosure regulation in the UK, that transcend national boundaries in order to control (modern) slavery in supply chains operating in the developing world. Drawing on notions from the regulatory and sociology literature, i.e. transparency and normativity, and by interviewing anti-slavery activists and experts, this study explores the limitations of the disclosure and transparency requirements of the UK Modern Slavery Act and, more specifically, how anti-slavery activists experience and interpret the new regulations and the regulators’ implementation of the regulation. This research found limited confidence among anti-slavery activists regarding the Act’s call for transparency in relation to the elimination of slavery from global supply chains. The research also found that the limits of the transparency provisions within the Act appear to hinder the attainment of normativity. This study provides new and unique insights into the critical role that social activists play in exposing the lack of corporate transparency and failures of responsibility to protect workers within global supply chains.

The effects of corporate disclosure on firm value and firm performance: evidence from Turkey

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of firms’ disclosure practices on firm value and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach Firms’ disclosure scores were calculated based on unique hand-collected data by using the S&P transparency and disclosure index (S&P TD index). Ordinary least squares with year/firm fixed effects and two-stage least square methods were used to test the hypothesis. Findings It is observed that firms’ disclosure scores have positive and statistically significant effects on firm value. However, firms’ disclosure scores do not have significant effects on firm performance. This result is mostly observed in sub-categories of the index. Practical implications Results show that disclosed information has an impact on firm value. Therefore, standardization and increasing the reliability of this information are necessary for both information users and firms. It is important to standardize the information published by the firms and to increase their reliability by implementing new regulations by regulatory bodies in Turkey. Social implications Firms bear the costs due to their disclosure practices. However, the benefits derived from this situation may be higher than the cost incurred. Hence, it is suggested that firms that are traded in Turkey consider this in the determination of their disclosure policy. Originality/value This is the first study that investigates the effects of firms’ disclosure scores on both firm value and firm performance by using the S&P TD index in the Turkish context.

Impact of Applying Governance Standards in Evaluating the Quality of Internal Audit in Yemeni Private Universities

The study aimed to measure the impact of applying governance standards in evaluating the quality of internal audit in Yemeni private universities. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approach and employed a questionnaire to collect data from a sample that included (68) participants. After conducting relative analysis, governance was at an average level of (64.9%). There was also a slight variation in the level of implementation, as the dimension of transparency and disclosure was the most frequent dimension, followed by accountability and independence. Further, there was a medium level of adherence to internal auditing standards at a relative weight (65%). The level of commitment to the audit dimensions was as follows: managing the internal audit activities (67%), communicating the results (66%), assessing the risk and control management (64%), and planning and implementing the audit process (62%). and The study also found that the combined governance standards (transparency and disclosure, accountability, independence) increase the quality of the internal audit in Yemeni private universities and the highest dimensions of governance standards affecting the quality of internal auditing are the dimension of independence (80.3%), accountability (71.7%), and disclosure and transparency (63.7%). In light of this, the study recommended adopting governance standards as an integrated approach to achieve quality performance in private Yemeni universities; spreading the culture of governance in private universities among their leaders and staff by holding training courses, seminars, and conferences in order to be accepted and absorbed. In addition, governance should be included in some related academic courses in the disciplines of administrative and accounting sciences. Keywords: governance standards, internal audit quality assessment, private Yemeni universities.

Enhancing zakat compliance through good governance: a conceptual framework

Purpose This paper aims to construct a conceptual framework which explains the relationship between governance of zakat institutions and zakat payment compliance by using the organisational legitimacy theory. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts content analysis and a review of multidisciplinary literature that primarily relate to zakat institutions, public governance and compliance behaviour. Findings The paper has developed a model, adapted from Abioye et al. (2013), concerning the influence of governance mechanisms on zakat payers’ compliance using trust as a moderator. The model comprises four governance mechanisms which influence zakat payment compliance. The four mechanisms include the board and leadership attributes, transparency and disclosure practices, stakeholder management practices and procedural justice. Trust has a moderating effect on the relationship between governance and zakat compliance. Research limitations/implications This model is applicable to regulated zakat systems, where the state has established zakat institutions and regulations for the collection and distribution of zakat, such as Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Sudan and Malaysia. Originality/value This paper proposes a model, based on Abioye et al. (2013), to explain the influence of governance on zakat payment compliance. The novelty of the study is the addition of one new critical variable, procedural justice, to the Abioye et al.’s (2013) framework. Secondly, the model is proposed for regulated zakat jurisdictions.

A kreatív számvitel alkalmazásának vizsgálata Transparency and Disclosure Index (TDI-) módszer segítségével autóipari cégeknél

A vállalatirányítás és a kreatív számvitel közötti kapcsolat vizsgálata a számviteli botrányokat (Enron, WorldCom, Satyam) követően került előtérbe. A vállalatirányítás egy olyan aktuális kérdés, amely hatással van a kreatív könyvelésre. Amennyiben a vállalkozások kreatív könyvelési technikákat alkalmaznak, a vállalat gyengeségeire utalhatnak. Ebben a cikkben a kreatív könyvelés és a vállalatirányítás közötti kapcsolatot vizsgáljuk a Transparency and Disclosure Index (Vállalati transzparencia és vállalati közzététel index – TDI) segítségével. A vizsgálat lehetővé teszi a vállalat felépítésének, működésének átláthatóságát, a különféle vállalati információk közzétételének mérését, a vállalatok által nyilvánosan elérhető adatok alapján. Az adatok befolyásolásának mérésére teljesítménymutatókat vonunk be az elemzésbe, másrészt korrelációanalízis segítségével vizsgáljuk a vállalatirányítás és a számviteli kreativitás mérése közötti kapcsolatot. A kapott eredmények alapján a vállalatirányítás és a kreatív számvitel között egy közepesen erős, negatív kapcsolat figyelhető meg.

Measurement of Creative Accounting by Transparency and Disclosure Index (TDI) Method in Automobile Industry

Investigation of relationship between corporate governance and creative accounting came to the front after some accounting scandals (like Enron, WorldCom or Satyam). Corporate governance is an actual topic to discuss due to the its correlation to creative accounting. Application of creative accounting techniques might suggest some weaknesses of a company. In this study we investigate the relationship between corporate governance and creative accounting by applying Transparency and Disclosure Index (TDI) method, which enables to evaluate corporate structure, transparency of operation and disclosure of company related information, based on publicly available data. Then, in order to measure the accounting manipulation, we analyse financial performance measures. Furthermore, we perform a correlation analysis to assess the strength of relationship between corporate governance and creative accounting. As a conclusion, we are able to describe a medium negative correlation between the two aspects under investigation.

Financial Inclusion and Virtual Bank in the Era of Digitalisation: A Regulatory Case Study in Hong Kong

Implicit in the promise of virtual banks is the mission of promoting financial inclusion in Hong Kong, through offering increased accessibility and brand-new customer experiences through the internet which are said to be easier, more personalised and customer-centered. Nevertheless, while regulators encourage using technological solutions to reduce barriers to access and friction, there is a need to strike a balance between promoting technological innovations, protecting customers, and enhancing the returns to investors. Through the content analysis of the recent speeches and guidelines from Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the financial inclusion report from the United Kingdom, it is observed that the regulation of virtual banks in Hong Kong tends to focus predominately on promoting technological innovations. This is unlikely to be sufficient to replicate the trust and confidence in the traditional banking environments due to the lack of consideration to incorporate human factors between banks and clients. This paper articulates the importance of improving the following three areas which could be incorporated into future amendments to future regulatory guidelines: First is to review and accommodate the differences in the bank-customer relationship under the new interaction model. Second is to enhance transparency and disclosure of the technology involved in virtual bank operation. Third is to provide greater assistance to customers to improve their comprehensiveness of the increasing complexity of bank operation, particularly for those who do not have high financial literacy and those who might be discouraged from making an enquiry due to lack of human interaction with the banks. These would improve accessibility and make a meaningful impact to financial inclusion through the launch of virtual banks in Hong Kong.

Corporate Governance Mechanisms in Commercial Banks of Nepal

Corporate governance in banking sector has received great attention among policymakers, practitioners and academicians in Nepal due to governance failures in some financial institutions in recent period. This study attempts to examine the corporate governance mechanisms adopted by Nepalese commercial banks by using a panel data of 30 commercial banks from 2012 to 2016. The internal corporate governance mechanisms are board structure and composition, board committees, director independence, transparency and disclosure, director remuneration, and shareholders rights. The study employs ANOVA test to examine differences in corporate governance mechanisms among state-owned, joint venture, and domestic banks. The study findings reveal that the corporate governance practices in financial institutions of Nepal is somewhat satisfactory; however, significant improvements are required especially in case of state-owned banks and local private banks. In order to achieve the policy of government of Nepal to enhance financial system stability, one of the major areas for policy focus should be to promote enhancement of corporate governance standards in the financial institutions as the stability of the banking sector depends largely on corporate governance practices they adopt. Promoting director independence, improving transparency and disclosure, and enhancing shareholders’ right are found to be important for improving standard of corporate governance in Nepal.