scholarly journals Current trends in the rehabilitation of patients with spastic paresis with focal brain damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
L. V. Krylova ◽  
D. R. Khasanova ◽  
N. V. Agafonova
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Rehabilitation Technology ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Spastic Paresis

Spasticity is one of the most frequent movement disorders and its development is associated with such CNS lesions as stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, craniocerebral and spinal injuries, CNS tumors, neurodegenerative diseases. Post-stroke spasticity develops in about 40% of patients, and about 15% of patients have severe and disabling spasticity. According to statistics, after TBI, about 75% of patients develop spasticity, and half of them require treatment.Spasticity worsens walking, complicates hygiene, dressing, complicates rehabilitation measures, and reduces the quality of life of patients and his family members. In recent years, this movement disorder has been actively studied, new data have appeared on the pathophysiology of spastic paresis and encouraging data on improving function in patients receiving botulinum toxin injections as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation.The article presents data from the latest systematic reviews on the effectiveness of various rehabilitation technologies for the treatment of spasticity.The use of botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spastic paresis of the upper and lower extremities is the preferred method of complex multidisciplinary rehabilitation of patients with spasticity and has the highest level of evidence.Currently, there is no doubt that botulinum toxin should be used as early as possible in patients with an emerging pathological movement pattern, which can contribute to pattern change and muscle length maintenance. But the question remains: which rehabilitation technology is most effective for enhancing and prolonging the action of botulinum neurotoxin. To date, there is no clear answer to this question.

scholarly journals Primary Cultures of Embryonic Chicken Neurons for Sensitive Cell-Based Assay of Botulinum Neurotoxin: Implications for Therapeutic Discovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Stahl ◽  
Gordon Ruthel ◽  
Edna Torres-Melendez ◽  
Tara A. Kenny ◽  
Rekha G. Panchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Sensitive Cell ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin A ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds

Botulinum toxin is an exceedingly potent inhibitor of neurotransmission across the neuromuscular junction, causing flaccid paralysis and death. The potential for misuse of this deadly poison as a bioweapon has added a greater urgency to the search for effective therapeutics. The development of sensitive and efficient cell-based assays for the evaluation of toxin antagonists is crucial to the rapid and successful identification of therapeutic compounds. The authors evaluated the sensitivity of primary cultures from 4 distinct regions of the embryonic chick nervous system to botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) cleavage of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kD (SNAP-25). Although differences in sensitivity were apparent, SNAP-25 cleavage was detectable in neuronal cells from each of the 4 regions within 3 h at BoNT/A concentrations of 1 nM or lower. Co-incubation of chick neurons with BoNT/A and toxin-neutralizing antibodies inhibited SNAP-25 cleavage, demonstrating the utility of these cultures for the assay of BoNT/A antagonists. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:370-377)

Crystal structures of botulinum neurotoxin X and Weissella oryzae botulinum toxin–like catalytic domains

Toxicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. S42
Author(s):  
Sara Košenina ◽  
Geoffrey Masuyer ◽  
Sicai Zhang ◽  
Min Dong ◽  
Pål Stenmark
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Catalytic Domains

scholarly journals New trends in botulinum toxin use in dermatology

2018 ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Guida ◽  
Francesca Farnetani ◽  
Steven P. Nisticò ◽  
Caterina Giorgio Mariarosaria ◽  
Graziella Babino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Facial Flushing ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Raynaud Phenomenon ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Review Current

Background: Recent studies have highlighted new botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) applications in the field of dermatology. Objective: To review current knowledge of BoNT use in dermatology. Methods: The literature of the last 5 years has been reviewed. Results: We describe interesting protocols of BoNT treatment for hyperhidrosis (HH), hypertrophic scars and keloids, Raynaud phenomenon, facial flushing, oily skin, psoriasis, Hailey-Hailey disease, and cutaneous lesions like painful lesions and periorbital syringomas. Conclusions: Several skin conditions eligible for BoNT treatment have been described. After the wide application for HH treatment, scars as well as vascular and inflammatory skin disorders, oily skin and cutaneous lesions represent fields of application of BoNT.

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin Complex: A Delivery Vehicle of Botulinum Neurotoxin Traveling Digestive Tract

10.5772/46023 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa Sagane ◽  
Ken Inui ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Miyashita ◽  
Keita Miyata ◽  
Tomonori Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Toxin Complex

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin Use in the Lower Urinary Tract

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 808-817
Author(s):  
Shelby N. Morrisroe ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxins ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin A ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lower Urinary

Botulinum toxins are well known for their ability to disrupt neurotransmission and cause muscle paralysis. Recently, urologists have discovered their beneficial effects in patients with neurogenic and overactive bladder conditions. This review is intended to provide a quick overview for urologists of the structure, function, and clinical uses of botulinum neurotoxin A in the lower urinary tract.

scholarly journals Correlation between muscle length, spasticity and motor weakness in adult spastic paresis: Infant vs adult-acquired lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. e404-e405 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Van Reeth ◽  
C. Pauwels ◽  
N. Bayle ◽  
C.-M. Loche ◽  
J.-M. Gracies
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Spastic Paresis

scholarly journals Comments on Immunogenicity Associated with Botulinum Toxin Treatment. Toxins 2019, 11, 491

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Keith Foster ◽  
Matthew Beard
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Type A ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Treatment ◽  
Neurological Conditions

In contrast to the prevailing arguments presented in the current review, the incidence of neutralising antibody (NAb) formation is not a significant issue for any of the present type A therapeutic botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) products. Furthermore, clinical non-responsiveness is poorly correlated with the presence of NAbs. The overriding evidence supports the view that the rate of NAb formation is low, does not differ significantly between the different type A BoNT products and that it is not the major factor in clinical response. BoNT products are highly effective and important therapies for the treatment of a variety of neurological and non-neurological conditions.

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