scholarly journals Effects of vocal nodules on acoustic characteristics of voice in children : an acoustic analysis of voice

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3.4) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Toshihito Aoki ◽  
Takaaki Takeyama ◽  
Yuki Sakamoto ◽  
Aki Shimada ◽  
Eiji Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Vocal Nodules

scholarly journals In situ acoustic analysis of two twentieth-century heritage carillons

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Allan Orr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Physical Acoustics ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function

AbstractCarillons are a diverse and global form of musical and civic heritage: musical instruments comprised of a series of 23 or more bells, typically hung in a tower-like structure, tuned chromatically and played from a touch-sensitive manual and pedal console using an elaborate mechanical action. Carillon bells have a distinct series of musical overtones which should be accurately tuned to one another and with other bells they sound alongside. Although these overtones have been previously studied ex situ, this study assesses the acoustic characteristics of two early-twentieth century carillons in Toronto, Canada as a combination of structure, bells, and mechanical action. Thus, the instrument and its context are considered holistically, more accurately reflecting the musical sensitivity of a carillonist. Spectral analysis of audio samples of each bell at different musical dynamic levels enabled the analysis of the acoustic qualities of the bells and the mechanical action of the instruments. The tuning of bells in the instruments varied; most importantly, there was a significant difference between the audial intensity of the bell tones produced by the instruments, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical action as part of the ‘carillon system’. This was represented with a resistive power-law model, that represents the sensitivity of intensity to carillonist musical dynamic level. A discussion of the implications for artistic and heritage practice follows. Understanding the in situ physical acoustics of the carillon as a holistic instrument in its context informs performers, arrangers, and composers of how they can best embrace the instrument’s unique qualities to improve artistic pursuits and support the appreciation of carillons as heritage instruments and function as civic voices.

Assessment of effectiveness of acoustic analysis of voice for monitoring the evolution of vocal nodules after vocal treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim Elhendi Halawa ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez Fernández Freire ◽  
Irene Vázquez Muñoz ◽  
Sofía Santos Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Nodules

scholarly journals Examining Factors Influencing the Viability of Automatic Acoustic Analysis of Child Speech

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2487-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Knowles ◽  
Meghan Clayards ◽  
Morgan Sonderegger
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Alignment Accuracy ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Child Speech

Purpose Heterogeneous child speech was force-aligned to investigate whether (a) manipulating specific parameters could improve alignment accuracy and (b) forced alignment could be used to replicate published results on acoustic characteristics of /s/ production by children. Method In Part 1, child speech from 2 corpora was force-aligned with a trainable aligner (Prosodylab-Aligner) under different conditions that systematically manipulated input training data and the type of transcription used. Alignment accuracy was determined by comparing hand and automatic alignments as to how often they overlapped (%-Match) and absolute differences in duration and boundary placements. Using mixed-effects regression, accuracy was modeled as a function of alignment conditions, as well as segment and child age. In Part 2, forced alignments derived from a subset of the alignment conditions in Part 1 were used to extract spectral center of gravity of /s/ productions from young children. These findings were compared to published results that used manual alignments of the same data. Results Overall, the results of Part 1 demonstrated that using training data more similar to the data to be aligned as well as phonetic transcription led to improvements in alignment accuracy. Speech from older children was aligned more accurately than younger children. In Part 2, /s/ center of gravity extracted from force-aligned segments was found to diverge in the speech of male and female children, replicating the pattern found in previous work using manually aligned segments. This was true even for the least accurate forced alignment method. Conclusions Alignment accuracy of child speech can be improved by using more specific training and transcription. However, poor alignment accuracy was not found to impede acoustic analysis of /s/ produced by even very young children. Thus, forced alignment presents a useful tool for the analysis of child speech. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7070105

scholarly journals The articulatory and acoustic characteristics of Polish sibilants and their consequences for diachronic change

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Bukmaier ◽  
Jonathan Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
First Language ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Physiological Analysis

The study is concerned with the relative synchronic stability of three contrastive sibilant fricatives /sʂ ɕ/ in Polish. Tongue movement data were collected from nine first-language Polish speakers producing symmetrical real and non-word CVCV sequences in three vowel contexts. A Gaussian model was used to classify the sibilants from spectral information in the noise and from formant frequencies at vowel onset. The physiological analysis showed an almost complete separation between /sʂ ɕ/ on tongue-tip parameters. The acoustic analysis showed that the greater energy at higher frequencies distinguished /s/ in the fricative noise from the other two sibilant categories. The most salient information at vowel onset was for /ɕ/, which also had a strong palatalizing effect on the following vowel. Whereas either the noise or vowel onset was largely sufficient for the identification of /sɕ/ respectively, both sets of cues were necessary to separate /ʂ/ from /sɕ/. The greater synchronic instability of /ʂ/ may derive from its high articulatory complexity coupled with its comparatively low acoustic salience. The data also suggest that the relatively late stage of /ʂ/ acquisition by children may come about because of the weak acoustic information in the vowel for its distinction from /s/.

scholarly journals The Potentials of Computer Analyzing the Acoustic Characteristics of a Human Speech under Spaceflight Conditions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
S.A. Lebedeva ◽  
D.M. Shved ◽  
V.I. Gushin
Keyword(s):  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Ground Model ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Audio Recordings

The paper presents current approaches to the assessment of the psycho-physiological status of a human operator by analyzing his/her speaking and gives a historical review of an application of speech acoustic analysis in the field of military aviation and manned spaceflight as well as under conditions of on-ground model experiments. Various methods of mathematical analysis of a speech signal when determining the human emotional and functional status and techniques of noise suppression in audio recordings are also considered. The applicability of the said methods for non-invasive psycho-physiological monitoring of cosmonauts under spaceflight conditions was assessed.

scholarly journals In Situ Acoustic Analysis of Two 20th-Century Heritage Carillons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Allan Orr
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Physical Acoustics ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function

Abstract Carillons are a diverse and global form of musical and civic heritage: musical instruments comprised of a series of 23 or more bells, typically hung in a tower-like structure, tuned chromatically and played from a touch-sensitive manual and pedal console using an elaborate mechanical action. Carillon bells have a distinct series of musical overtones which need to be accurately tuned to one another and with other bells they sound alongside. Although these overtones have been previously studied ex situ, this study assesses the acoustic characteristics of two early-20th century carillons in Toronto, Canada as a combination of structure, bells, and mechanical action. Thus, the instrument and its context are considered holistically, more accurately reflecting the musical sensitivity of a carillonist. Spectral and Fourier analysis of audio samples of each bell at different musical dynamic levels enabled the analysis of the acoustic qualities of the bells and the mechanical action of the instruments. The tuning of bells in the instruments varied; most importantly, there was a significant difference between the audial intensity of the bell tones produced by the instruments, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical action as part of the ‘carillon system’. This was represented with a resistive power-law model, that represents the sensitivity of intensity to carillonist musical dynamic level. A discussion of the implications for artistic and heritage practice follows. Understanding the in situ physical acoustics of the carillon as a holistic instrument in its context informs performers, arrangers, and composers of how they can best embrace the instrument’s unique qualities to improve artistic pursuits and support the appreciation of carillons as heritage instruments and function as civic voices.

scholarly journals Interference of dentofacial deformities in the acoustic characteristics of speech sounds

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina dos Santos Coelho ◽  
Renata Christina Vieira ◽  
Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves Bianchini
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Dentofacial Deformities ◽  
Variable Duration

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify speech characteristics regarding the production of fricative sounds in people with dentofacial deformities (DFD), through acoustic analysis, evaluating possible interferences of the variation of the osseous bases in the articulation of speech. Methods: fifteen adults of both genders, aged between 17 and 42, participated in the study. They were distributed in three groups: GII (n = 5) Skeletal Class II, GIII (n = 5) Skeletal Class III, and CG (n = 5) without DFD. All of them had their voices recorded, with key words containing the fricative sounds of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), and acoustically analyzed; the parameters: duration, intensity, and formants F1, F2. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Results: there were differences (p <0.05) when comparing GII and GIII with CG. For the variable duration GIII obtained higher value in the fricative sound /z/ (r = 0.016, p <0.05). The variable intensity was higher for GII in /z/ (r = 0.028, p <0.05), and higher for GIII in /f/ (r = 0.028, p <0.05), /v/ (r = 0.028, p<0.05) and /ʃ/ (r = 0.036, p <0.05). For the variable F1, GII obtained a higher value for the syllable /za/ (r = 0.047, p <0.05). In the variable F2, GII obtained the lowest value in the syllable /ʒa/ (r = 0.047, p <0.05). Conclusion: the disharmony of the maxillomandibular osseous bases results in interference in speech acoustic characteristics regarding fricative sounds.

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics of a Speaker with Turbulent Nasal Emission: A Case Report

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac ◽  
Robert Mayo ◽  
Ryuta Kataoka ◽  
James Y. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Air Emission ◽  
Speech Aerodynamics ◽  
Nasal Emission ◽  
Perceptual Function

Aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics were determined from the speech of an adult female with mild mental retardation and severe velopharyngeal inadequacy. The speaker's productions of /s/ were characterized by consistent nasal grimacing and turbulent air emission. Aerodynamic assessment estimated the size of the velopharyngeal orifice to exceed 200 mm2 during plosive production. Nasal cross-sectional area was estimated to be 35 mm2 during quiet breathing. Nasometric evaluation indicated nasalance of 63% associated with the “Zoo” passage. Acoustic analysis of the separately recorded oral and nasal speech signals indicated spectral energies in the region of approximately 2.5 to 7.0 kHz associated with nasal emission during /s/ production. The occurrence of these frequencies suggested an acoustic/perceptual function of the nasal grimace. Pressure-flow evidence also suggested that the nasal grimace, perhaps with lingual assistance, functioned to enhance speech aerodynamics.

Acoustic Analysis of Breathy and Rough Voice Characterizing Elderly Speech

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Miyazaki ◽  
◽  
Mitsunori Mizumachi ◽  
Katsuyuki Niyada
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Range

This paper aims at investigating acoustic features, which can objectively explain breathiness and roughness of elderly speech, respectively. In this paper, acoustic analysis was carried out using word sequences, which were uttered by 153 male speakers in the age range of between 20 and 89 years old. Concerning the breathiness, we confirmed that elderly breathy voices caused energy lift in higher frequency region over 4 kHz in average power spectra during the stationary parts in the uttered vowels. Concerning roughness, we observed the slight fluctuations, which synchronized with vocal cord vibration, in amplitude spectra during stationary parts of vowels. Based on acoustic analysis results, we propose physical parameters for measuring breathiness and roughness, respectively. In this paper, listening tests were carried out to quantitatively give the subject degrees of breathiness and roughness, respectively. It was confirmed that the proposed physical parameters had correlation with each of subjective degrees. Relationships between age and acoustic characteristics of breathiness and roughness were investigated using the proposed parameters. It is confirmed that the degree of breathiness and roughness increased in proportion to age, especially in age ranges over 60 years old.

Radiophonosurgery of benign superficial vocal fold lesions

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh M Ragab ◽  
Mohamed N Elsheikh ◽  
Magdy E Saafan ◽  
Sayed G Elsherief
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Knife ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Operative Recovery

Objective: To conduct a prospective randomized controlled trial describing and investigating the efficacy and safety of radiosurgical excision of benign superficial vocal fold lesions.Materials and methods: Fifty patients with benign superficial vocal fold lesions (20 vocal nodules, 27 vocal polyps and three Reinke’s oedema) who failed conservative therapy were included in the study. They were equally randomized into cold knife or radiosurgical excision. Clinical and voice assessments were done pre-operatively and after surgery. Voice analysis included a subjective visual analogue scale (VAS) and a perceptual assessment with a simplified version of the GRBAS scale (GRB) consisting of G (grade), R (roughness), and B (breathiness). Acoustic voice evaluation included jitter and shimmer. Post-operative voice therapy was provided for all patients. Complications, smoothness of post-operative recovery, and administration of analgesia were reported.Results: Both groups experienced significant improvement in VAS, perceptual evaluation and acoustic analysis after surgery, with no evidence of significant differences between the cold knife and radiofrequency groups. The radiofrequency group showed a decrease of 17 per cent in the mean operative time when compared with the cold knife group, but this was not statistically significant. No evidence of a significant difference was noticed in the smoothness of post-operative recovery, administration of analgesia and complication rate.Conclusion: Radiophonosurgery opens a new therapeutic approach for patients with benign superficial vocal fold lesions. It combines the advantages of both cold knife and laser phonosurgery, being easy, safe, precise and effective, and having excellent tactile and haemostatic properties.

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