Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol Under Light Traffic Condition in IoT Environment

REV Journal on Electronics and Communications ◽

10.21553/rev-jec.170 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Phan Van Ca

Keyword(s):

Ieee 802.11 ◽

Ieee 802.15.4 ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Network Simulator ◽

Light Traffic ◽

Significant Discrepancy ◽

Traffic Condition ◽

Duty Cycles ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Analytic Models

In this paper, we propose analytic models for throughput and latency performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol operating under very low duty cycles In the Internet of Things applications. Our analytic models are intended for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in beacon-enabled star topology with light traffic conditions. Accuracy of the analytic models are verified through extensive simulations using the network simulator ns-2. A strong agreement between simulation results and our theoretical analysis is observed. In addition, we compare throughput and latency performance of two different CSMA/CA protocols in IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11. This is motivated by a significant discrepancy of the CSMA/CA mechanism: IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11. We observe a remarkable difference in throughput between two protocols. The simulation results also demonstrate an interesting fact that increasing the packet size will degrade the throughput of IEEE 802.15.4 due to the nature of the CSMA/CA mechanism, while a throughput improvement is usually expected.

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Throughput-Delay Evaluation of a Hybrid-MAC Protocol for M2M Communications

International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications ◽

10.4018/ijmcmc.2016010104 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pawan Kumar Verma ◽

Rajesh Verma ◽

Arun Prakash ◽

Rajeev Tripathi

Keyword(s):

Ieee 802.11 ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Frame Structure ◽

Direct Communication ◽

Data Packets ◽

Ieee 802.11 Dcf ◽

M2m Communications ◽

802.11 Dcf ◽

Mac Scheme ◽

Simulation Results

This paper proposes a robust hybrid-MAC protocol for direct communication among M2M devices with gateway coordination. The proposed protocol combines the benefits of both contention-based and reservation-based MAC schemes. The authors assume that the contention and reservation portion of M2M devices is a frame structure, which is comprised of two sections: Contention Interval (CI) and Transmission Interval (TI). The CI is based on p-persistent CSMA mechanism, which allows M2M devices to compete for the transmission slots with equal priorities. After contention, only those devices, which have won time-slots, are allowed to transmit data packets during TI. In the authors' proposed MAC scheme, the TI is basically a TDMA frame and each M2M device is 802.11 enabled. Each M2M transmitter device and its corresponding one-hop distant receiver communicate using IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol within each TDMA slot to overcome the limitations of TDMA mechanism. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid-MAC protocol.

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DADC: A Novel Duty-cycling Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 Cluster-tree-based IoT Applications

ACM Transactions on Internet Technology ◽

10.1145/3409487 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Nikumani Choudhury ◽

Rakesh Matam ◽

Mithun Mukherjee ◽

Jaime Lloret

Keyword(s):

Ieee 802.15.4 ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Cluster Tree ◽

Medium Access ◽

Duty Cycling ◽

Duty Cycles ◽

Data Rates ◽

Network Topologies ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Ieee 802.15.4 Standard

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is one of the widely adopted specifications for realizing different applications of the Internet of Things. It defines several physical layer options and Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer for devices with low-power operating at low data rates. As devices implementing this standard are primarily battery-powered, minimizing their power consumption is a significant concern. Duty-cycling is one such power conserving mechanism that allows a device to schedule its active and inactive radio periods effectively, thus preventing energy drain due to idle listening. The standard specifies two parameters, beacon order and superframe order, which define the active and inactive period of a device. However, it does not specify a duty-cycling scheme to adapt these parameters for varying network conditions. Existing works in this direction are either based on superframe occupation ratio or buffer/queue length of devices. In this article, the particular limitations of both the approaches mentioned above are presented. Later, a novel duty-cycling mechanism based on MAC parameters is proposed. Also, we analyze the role of synchronization schemes in achieving efficient duty-cycles in synchronized cluster-tree network topologies. A Markov model has also been developed for the MAC protocol to estimate the delay and energy consumption during frame transmission.

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Runtime Estimation of the Number of Active Devices in IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA Networks with Deferred Transmission and No Acknowledgment Using ARMA Filters

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/5420876 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Won Hyoung Lee ◽

Ho Young Hwang ◽

Jo Woon Chong

Keyword(s):

Conventional Method ◽

Ieee 802.15.4 ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Moving Average ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Area Network ◽

Medium Access ◽

Estimation Errors ◽

Active Devices ◽

Simulation Results

We propose a novel method for estimating the number of active devices in an IEEE 802.15.4 network. Here, we consider an IEEE 802.15.4 network with a star topology where active devices transmit data frames using slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) protocol without acknowledgment. In our proposed method, a personal area network (PAN) coordinator of a network counts the number of events that a transmission occurs and the number of events that two consecutive slots are idle in a superframe duration, and the PAN coordinator broadcasts the information through a beacon frame. Each device can count the number of slots that each device is in the backoff procedure and the number of the first clear channel assessment (CCA) that each device performs whenever it performs the first CCA after the backoff procedure. Then, each device estimates the number of active devices in the network based on these counted numbers and the information from PAN coordinator with the help of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filter. We evaluate the performance of our proposed ARMA-based estimation method via simulations where active devices transmit data frames in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA networks. Simulation results show that our proposed method gives estimation errors of the number of active devices less than 4.501% when the actual number of active devices is varying from 5 to 80. We compare our proposed method with the conventional method in terms of the average and standard deviation for the estimated number of active devices. The simulation results show that our proposed estimation method is more accurate than the conventional method.

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