scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH) USING THE PREDATORY MITE, NEOSEIULUS CUCUMERIS (OUD.) ON APPLE TREES.

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-958
Author(s):  
NAZEH M. ABD EL-WAHED ◽  
KARM E. EL-SAYED ◽  
MONA S. EL-GHOBASHY
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
European Red Mite

THE EGG AND OVIPOSITION SITE OF DERAEOCORIS NEBULOSUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON APPLE TREES

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. McCaffrey ◽  
R. L. Horsburgh
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The predaceous mirid Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler) is found on more than 50 species of ornamental trees and shrubs where it feeds on several important pest species (Wheeler et al. 1975). It is a common mite and aphid predator in commercial apple orchards in Virginia (Parrella et al. 1978). Wheeler et al. (1975) described the nymphal stages and biology, but made no mention of the egg or oviposition site. We describe the egg and oviposition site which we discovered while studying various predators of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Virginia apple orchards. Eggs and oviposition sites of other predaceous mirids associated with apple have been described (Kullenberg 1942; Collyer 1952, 1953; Sanford 1964; Horsburgh and Asquith 1968, 1970).

scholarly journals Soybean Oil as a Summer Spray for Apple: European Red Mite Control, Net CO2 Assimilation, and Phytotoxicity

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Charles D. Pless ◽  
John C. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Control Net

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] oil was applied to apple trees [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] as a summer spray in six studies to determine if it controls European red mites [Panonychus ulmi (Koch.)], how it affects net CO2 assimilation (A), and if it causes phytotoxicity. Sprays of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% soybean oil {TNsoy1 formulation [soybean oil premixed with Latron B-1956 (LAT) spreader-sticker at 10 oil: 1 LAT (v/v)]} reduced mite populations by 94%. Sprays of 1% and 2% soybean oil reduced mite populations to three and four mites per leaf, respectively, compared to 25 per leaf on water-sprayed plants. Soybean oil concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% applied to whole trees reduced A for less than 7 days. Phytotoxicity did not occur when soybean oil was applied with an airblast sprayer at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% or with a mist bottle at 2%. Phytotoxicity occurred when soybean oil was applied with a mist bottle at 4% and 6%, which left soybean oil leaf residues of 0.22 to 0.50 mg·cm-2. No phytotoxicity occurred with 4% SunSpray, which resulted in a mean leaf residue of only 0.13 mg·cm-2. Spraying 1% soybean oil tended to give better mite control than 1% SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil, but caused greater oil residues and a greater reduction in A.

THE EFFECT OF EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), INFESTATIONS ON N, P, AND K CONCENTRATIONS IN APPLE FOLIAGE THROUGHOUT THE SEASON

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractSeasonal trends of the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were measured in the foliage of apple trees infested with the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), at four population levels created by the action of predators and/or chemical treatment.It was shown that by early September the concentrations of these nutrients; particularly nitrogen, were significantly depressed by high P. ulmi populations.

RELATIVE DENSITIES OF PREDACIOUS AND PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES ON THREE VARIETIES OF APPLE TREES

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 738-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
T. K. Moilliet
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Metaseiulus Occidentalis

AbstractIn two well-kept but nonsprayed orchards, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), was more numerous and caused more leaf damage to Delicious than to Spartan or McIntosh apple trees. The predacious phytoseiid mites, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Neoseiulus caudiglans (Schuster), were more numerous on both Spartan and McIntosh than on Delicious. The differences in the external structure of the leaves may be the reason for the greater abundance of phytoseiids on Spartan and McIntosh.

CONTAGIOUS DISTRIBUTION IN THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH), AND A METHOD OF GRADING POPULATION DENSITIES FROM A COUNT OF MITE-FREE LEAVES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Assessment Of Performance ◽  
Narrow Zone ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
The Mean

Examination of a large number of 100-leaf samples shows that the European red mite is distributed contagiously, not randomly, on leaves of apple trees. When the mean number of mites per leaf is plotted against the proportion of mite-free leaves for the corresponding sample, the points fall in a narrow zone, steepest and narrowest at the lower densities. Following application of miticides to heavily infested trees, it is usual to summarize the findings of the tests by grading the performance of the chemicals as excellent, good, etc. according to mite density as determined by s total count from the 100-leaf sample. A method is outlined, in which, by making use of plotted values, a count of mite-free leaves only is sufficient to allow the assessment of performance in such categories.

scholarly journals Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H.D. Francesconi ◽  
A.N. Lakso ◽  
J.P. Nyrop ◽  
J. Barnard ◽  
S.S. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Return Bloom

The hypothesis that carbon balance is the basis for differences in responses by lightly and normally cropped apple trees to European red mite (ERM) [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] damage was tested. Mature `Starkrimson Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.)/M.26 apple trees were hand-thinned to light (125 fruit/tree, about 20 t/ha) or normal (300 fruit/tree, about 40 t/ha) target crop levels and infested with low [<100 cumulative mite-days (CMD)], medium (400 to 1000 CMD) or high (>1000 CMD) target levels of ERM. A range of crop loads and CMD was obtained. Mite population density, fruit growth, leaf and whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rates (NCER) were measured throughout the growing season of 1994. Leaf area and vegetative growth per tree were also measured. Yield and final mean fruit size were determined at harvest. Return bloom and fruiting were determined the following year. Total shoot length per tree was not affected by crop load or mite damage. ERM reduced leaf and whole-canopy NCER. Normally cropped trees showed fruit weight reduction earlier and more severely than lightly cropped trees with high mite injury. Variation in final fruit weight, return bloom and return fruiting was much better related to whole-canopy NCER per fruit than to CMD.

PREDATORY BEHAVIOR AND PREY-STAGE PREFERENCES OF STIGMAEID AND PHYTOSEIID MITES AND THEIR POTENTIAL COMPATIBILITY IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Clements ◽  
Rudolf Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Prey Stage Preference ◽  
Mite Eggs

AbstractAlthough the role of phytoseiid mites as predators of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on apple is well established, the role of another family of European red mite predators, the stigmaeids, is not as clearly understood. We compared predatory behavior and prey-stage preferences of the stigmaeid Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and the phytoseiid Typhlodromus caudiglans (Schuster) in the laboratory. The only predator–predator interaction we found to be potentially important was consumption of phytoseiid eggs by stigmaeids. Given a choice of equal numbers of both European red mite eggs and phytoseiid eggs, Z. mali consumed 38% phytoseiid eggs. Eggs and quiescent larval stages of European red mite were preferred by Z. mali, but active larval stages also were consumed. By contrast T. caudiglans preferred active forms to quiescent forms and eggs, and was able to consume adult forms. Although Z. mali was found to be slower, less active, and less voracious than T. caudiglans, Z. mali produced more eggs for a given number of prey consumed than did T. caudiglans. These behavioral and prey-stage preference differences should enable phytoseiids and stigmaeids to be compatible in the short term (within one generation).

Pollen grains are suitable alternative food for rearing the commercially used predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Yazdanpanah ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Elham Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Bitter Orange

The generalist predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) is one of the most effective natural enemies on many crops in indoor cultivations. As supply of alternative food such as pollen is generally thought to enhance the reproductive and biological control performance of generalist predatory mites, the life table parameters of the predatory mite, N. cucumeris were determined  in laboratory at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) hours when fed on seven different pollen (almond, bitter orange, maize, date palm, castor bean, sunflower, and bee-collected). Our results indicated that feeding the predator on castor bean, almond, date palm, and sunflower pollen led to better performance in terms of higher oviposition (38.18, 33.53, 32.87, and 29.48 eggs/female, respectively), intrinsic rate of increase (0.146, 0.129, 0.152, and 0.123 day-1, respectively) and net reproductive rate (19.55, 12.58, 14.93, and 14.06 eggs/individual, respectively), and shorter development time (7.08, 7.73, 7.19, and 9.30 days, respectively). Bitter orange and bee-collected pollen were not suitable diets for both development and reproduction of N. cucumeris. The shortest (7.08 days) and longest (16.09 days) development times were observed on castor bean and bee-collected pollen, respectively. Adult longevity varied from 6.88 days on maize to 60.4 days on castor bean pollen. The highest fecundity was obtained on almond, followed by date palm, and castor bean pollen, while feeding on maize pollen did not lead to oviposition. Overall, we found that castor bean along with date palm, almond, and sunflower pollen are suitable diets for large scale rearing of N. cucumeris for subsequent use in biological control of pests in greenhouses.

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