Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Leak Detection in Single Branched Pipeline System

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
H. Abozaid ◽  
A. Aly ◽  
A. Lotfy
Keyword(s):  
Leak Detection ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Pipeline System

scholarly journals Multiway PCA for Early Leak Detection in a Pipeline System of a Steam Boiler—Selected Case Studies

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Swiercz ◽  
Halina Mroczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Batch Processes ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Line System ◽  
Confidence Ellipsoid ◽  
Electrical Power Plant

In the paper the usability of the Multiway PCA (MPCA) method for early detection of leakages in the pipeline system of a steam boiler in a thermal-electrical power plant is presented. A long segment of measurements of selected process variables was divided into a series of “batches” (representing daily recordings of normal behavior of the plant) and used to create the MPCA model of a “healthy” system in a reduced space of three principal components (PC). The periodically updated MPCA model was used to establish the confidence ellipsoid for the “healthy” system in the PC coordinates. The staff’s decision of the probable leak detection is supported by comparison of the current location of the operating point (on the “fault trajectory”) with the boundaries of the confidence ellipsoid. It must be emphasized that due to daily and seasonal changes of heat/electricity demands, the process variables have substantially greater variability than in the examples of batch processes studied in literature. Despite those real challenges for the MPCA method, numerical examples confirmed that the presented approach was able to foresee the leaks earlier than the operator, typically 3–5 days before the boiler shutdown. The presented methodology may be useful in implementation of an on-line system, developed to improve safety and maintenance of boilers in a thermal-electrical power plant.

High Speed Data Communications and High Speed Leak Detection Models: Impact of Thermodynamic Properties for Heated Crude Oil in Large Diameter, Insulated Pipelines — Application Pacific Pipeline System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Mecham ◽  
Galen Stanley ◽  
Michael Pelletier ◽  
Jim C. P. Liou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Detection Model

Recent advances in SCADA and leak detection system technologies lead to higher scan rates and faster model speeds. As these model speeds increase and the inherent mathematical uncertainties in implicit method solutions are reduced, errors and uncertainties in measurement of the physical properties of the fluids transported by pipeline come to dominate the confidence calculations for computer generated leak alerts in the control center. The ability to collect more data must be supported by the need for better model data in order to achieve optimal leak detection system performance. This is particularly true when the products transported are non-homogeneous and have strong viscosity-vs-temperature relationships. These are characteristics of crude oils in California’s San Joaquin Valley where significant heating is required to pump these oils in an efficient manner. Proper characterization and correct mathematical expression of these physical properties in leak models has become critical. This paper presents these new developments in the context of an implementation of this new technology for the Pacific Pipeline System (PPS). PPS is a recently constructed and commissioned 209 km (130-mile), 50.8 cm (20″) diameter, insulated, hot crude oil pipeline between the southern portion of California’s San Joaquin Valley and refineries in the Los Angeles basin. Operational temperatures in this line vary from ambient to 82.2°C (180°F) with pressures ranging from 345 kPa (50 psi) to 11,720 kPa (1700 psi). Due to the unique geometry of the line, facilities along the route include pumping stations, metering stations and numerous “throttle-type” pressure reduction facilities. On PPS, a high-speed leak detection model is supported by a fiber optic (OC-1) communication backbone with data rate capacities in excess of 50 Megabits Per Second (MPS). Total scan times for the distributed communication system have been reduced to 1/4 second — each facility reports data to the SCADA host four times each second. A corresponding 1/4 second leak detection model cycle leads to selection of Methods of Characteristics segments on the order of 260 meters (850 feet). This resolution, in conjunction with the advanced instrumentation package of PPS, makes detection of very small leaks realizable. This paper starts with an overview of the system and combines a mix of the theoretical requirements imposed by the mathematical solutions with a practical description of the laboratory procedures and propagated experimental errors. The paper reviews temperature-related errors and uncertainties and their influence on leak detection performance.

Pipeline Rupture Detection Using Real-Time Transient Modelling and Convolutional Neural Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Smith ◽  
Jaehee Chae ◽  
Shawn Learn ◽  
Ron Hugo ◽  
Simon Park
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Social License

Demonstrating the ability to reliably detect pipeline ruptures is critical for pipeline operators as they seek to maintain the social license necessary to construct and upgrade their pipeline systems. Current leak detection systems range from very simple mass balances to highly complex models with real-time simulation and advanced statistical processing with the goal of detecting small leaks around 1% of the nominal flow rate. No matter how finely-tuned these systems are, however, they are invariably affected by noise and uncertainties in a pipeline system, resulting in false alarms that reduce system confidence. This study aims to develop a leak detection system that can detect leaks with high reliability by focusing on sudden-onset leaks of various sizes (ruptures), as opposed to slow leaks that develop over time. The expected outcome is that not only will pipeline operators avoid the costs associated with false-alarm shut downs, but more importantly, they will be able to respond faster and more confidently in the event of an actual rupture. To accomplish these goals, leaks of various sizes are simulated using a real-time transient model based on the method of characteristics. A novel leak detection model is presented that fuses together several different preprocessing techniques, including convolution neural networks. This leak detection system is expected to increase operator confidence in leak alarms, when they occur, and therefore decrease the amount of time between leak detection and pipeline shutdown.

Leak Detection in Gas Pipeline Using Hilbert-Huang Transform

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatiehah Adnan ◽  
Mohd Fairusham Ghazali ◽  
Makeen M. Amin ◽  
A.M.A. Hamat
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Hilbert Spectrum ◽  
Hilbert Huang Transform ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Leak Location ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Useful Signal

This paper proposes a leak detection method using acoustic. The Hamming chirp signal injected into the pipeline system and the estimation of the leak location from the delay time passing by the reflection in the pipeline if there is a leak. By using Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), it can give a useful signal to verify the leak. HHT transforms Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Spectrum analysis to perform time-frequency analysis. The leak location can be detected by multiplying by the speed of sound. This simple method gives accurate leak location and easy to implement.

Full Integration of SCADA, Field Control Systems and High Speed Hydraulic Models: Application Pacific Pipeline System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Mecham ◽  
Bruce Wilkerson ◽  
Bryan Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Fiber Optic Communication ◽  
Optic Communication

Recent advances in PLC, SCADA and leak detection system technologies lead to the development of a highly integrated control system. Interconnected with fiber optic communication speeds (OC-1), this level of integration moves away from the historic model of stand-alone field controllers connected over low speed communication links to a centralized control center which, in turn, exchanges data from the host system to stand-alone leak detection processors. A new system design approach utilized familiar pipeline control elements such as PLC controllers and MODBUS communication protocols in combination with elements more typically associated with an office environment such as Windows NT servers, PC compatible computers, and Ethernet TCP/IP communications networks. These open-architecture components were used to fully develop, debug and test the SCADA system prior to system startup. The pipeline simulator is used as the centerpiece for this process to perform thorough operational validation of the system long before initial linefill. Once the various components were fully tested they were exported to the physical system in an operational state. The result is nearly seamless control systems supported by high data rates, high model speeds, common databases, and multi-channel communications. The increased level of integration has had dramatic impacts in leak detection, system safety, engineering development, operator training, and overall reliability of the control systems. The following paper presents a narrative overview of these new developments in the context of an implementation on Pacific Pipeline System (PPS). PPS is a recently constructed and commissioned 209 km (130 mile), 50.8 cm (20″) diameter, hot crude oil pipeline between the southern portion of California’s San Joaquin Valley and refineries in the Los Angeles basin. Following the Interstate 5 corridor over the “Grapevine”, Tejon Pass, Angeles National Forest and through heavily populated areas, this pipeline traverses some of the most environmentally and safety sensitive regions in the United States. The joint federal and state Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) set high hurdles for leak detection and control system performance. The historic control architecture and technologies were not adequate. This paper provides an overview of the environmental and physical constraints of the Pacific Pipeline System alignment, hydraulics, pumping and metering equipment, and block valve locations. It also discusses their impact on the design, programming and commissioning of a SCADA system meeting the requirements of the EIR/EIS. The paper then describes in more detail the fiber-optic communication system, control system architecture, SCADA system, leak detection models, simulator models and implementation methods, along with the engineering decisions leading to a comprehensive solution for the SCADA and leak detection requirements.

On Leak Detection of Pipelines Using Computational Pipeline Monitoring

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal A. F. Moustafa ◽  
Gamal M. Nawara ◽  
Hesham Elawady ◽  
Mohsen Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Computational Pipeline ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring

The unintentional release of fluid from pipelines is considered as a leak. Leaks contribute to the environmental pollution, promote corrosion and equipment failures and produce instabilities in the pipeline operation and control. There is a need, therefore, to develop an effective leak diagnosis scheme in pipeline systems that can detect the occurrence of any leak in the system. One objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model that accounts for the behavior of pressure and flow-rate profiles in pipeline systems with multi leaks. Such a mathematical model is needed to better understand the dynamic behavior of the pipeline and its characteristics and for the detection the leaks. The paper also involves computer simulation of pipeline conditions using the developed mathematical model. A leak detection scheme is developed that is based on a computational pipeline monitoring method. This method evaluates the mismatch between the actual variables and those of the healthy pipeline system. The pipeline conditions during normal operation were simulated and the system state variables were computed in real time based on simulated measurements collected at few selected locations along the pipeline. The underlying pipeline variables are estimated by applying Kalman filtering technique.

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