CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER APPLICATION UNIFORMITY, RUNOFF AND WIND DRIFT EVAPORATION LOSSES UNDER CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Principal component analysis was merged with the artificial neural network (ANN) technique to predict wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) from a sprinkler irrigation system. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted to determine WDEL under different conditions. Data from field experiments and previous studies were used as sample data to train the ANN model. Three models were developed to predict WDEL. In the first model (ANN1), 9 neurons (riser height, main nozzle diameter, auxiliary nozzle diameter, discharge rate of the main nozzle, discharge rate of the auxiliary nozzle, operating pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity) were used as the input layer. In the second model (ANN2), 7 neurons (riser height, operating pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, diameter ratio and discharge ratio) were used as the input layer. The third model (ANN3) used a multivariate technique (PC1, PC2, and PC3). Results revealed that the ANN3 model had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.8349). The R2 values for the ANN1 and ANN2 models were 0.7792 and 0.4807, respectively. It can be concluded that the ANN3 model has the highest predictive capacity.

Download Full-text

Center-Pivot Irrigation System Control and Data Communications Network for Real-Time Variable Water Application

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Precision Agriculture ◽

10.2134/1996.precisionagproc3.c90 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 757-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. W. Wall ◽

B.A. King ◽

I.R. McCann

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Time Variable ◽

System Control ◽

Data Communications ◽

Water Application ◽

Communications Network ◽

Center Pivot ◽

Variable Water

Download Full-text

Economic viability of retrofiting emitters in center pivot irrigation systems

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162012000300019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 602-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cornélio A. Zolin ◽

Rubens D. Coelho ◽

Janaina Paulino ◽

Marcos V. Folegatti

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Water Application ◽

Economic Perspective ◽

Sale Price ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Uniformity Coefficient ◽

Center Pivot

Although several studies have been conducted to evaluate the uniformity of water application under center pivot irrigation systems, there are few studies concerning the economic perspective of such coefficient. The aim of this study is to present a methodology to accomplish an economic analysis as support for the decision-making to retrofit emitters in center pivot irrigation systems, and to attribute an economic meaning to the uniformity coefficient of water application taking into account the response function productivity to the amount of water applied and the sale price of the crops. In the hypothetic calculation example considering the variation of revenue of potato crop under center pivot irrigation system, it was verified that the area with uniformity coefficient of water application of 90% brought an income increase of BR$ 1,992.00, considering an area about 1,0 ha. Thus, it can be concluded that the methodology presented has met the objectives proposed in the study and made it possible to attribute an economical meaning to the coefficient of water uniformity application.

Download Full-text

Measuring Evapotranspiration Suppression from the Wind Drift and Spray Water Losses for Lesa and Mesa Sprinklers in a Center Pivot Irrigation System

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3994184 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Behnaz Molaei ◽

Troy Peters ◽

Abhilash Chandel ◽

Claudio O. Stockle ◽

Lav R. Khot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Water Losses ◽

Wind Drift ◽

Center Pivot

Download Full-text

Effects of Travel Speed and Collector on Evaluation of the Water Application Uniformity of a Center Pivot Irrigation System

Water ◽

10.3390/w12071916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1916 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yongchong Li ◽

Xin Hui ◽

Haijun Yan ◽

Diyi Chen

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Application Rate ◽

Water Application ◽

Center Pivot ◽

Average Water ◽

Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽

Selection Of

Water application uniformity is an important performance parameter when designing and operating an irrigation system. Performance tests of a center pivot irrigation system equipped with fixed and rotated spray plate sprinklers (FSPS and RSPS, respectively) were conducted at five travel speeds. The effects of travel speed, collector size, and setting height on water application uniformity were evaluated using Heermann and Hein’s coefficient of uniformity (CUH). The CUH was 12.7% higher for the RSPS than the FSPS and decreased as the travel speed increased. Collector size and setting height affected CUH, and CUH was higher when the collector had a large opening cross-section compared to the collector with a small opening cross-section. CUH was higher when the collector with a low setting height compared to when it a high setting height for the FSPS. However, collector setting height had no effect on CUH for the RSPS. The weighted average water application depth (Dw) decreased as the travel speed increased. Collector size had no significant effect on Dw, but Dw with a low collector setting height was larger than the values with a high collector setting height. The water application rate increased as distance from the pivot point increased and was higher for the FSPS than the RSPS. The results will improve the selection of travel speed and collector when the water application uniformity of a center pivot irrigation system is evaluated.

Download Full-text

Accurate measurement of wind drift and evaporation losses could improve water application efficiency of sprinkler irrigation systems − A comparison of measuring techniques

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 107209

Author(s):

Abid Sarwar ◽

R. Troy Peters ◽

Muhammad Shafeeque ◽

Abdelmoneim Mohamed ◽

Arfan Arshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Water Application ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Wind Drift ◽

Application Efficiency ◽

Measuring Techniques ◽

Evaporation Losses ◽

Water Application Efficiency

Download Full-text

Estimation of wind drift and evaporation losses in sprinkler irrigation of urban green spaces

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/446.14.2018.1.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 77-96

Author(s):

M. Naderianfar ◽

A. Faryabi ◽

H. Dehghan

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Wind Drift ◽

Aperture Diameter ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Evaporation Losses

The wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) are high in arid, semi-arid and windward areas, and reduce the efficiency of the sprinkler irrigation system; therefore, this study was carried out in order to achieve a practical criterion and provide a relationship for accurate estimation of the wind drift and evaporation losses in different atmospheric conditions. The experiments were done at the Meteorological Station of the Faculty of Agriculture of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad using a line-source sprinkler irrigation system based on the single sprinkler installation method. To achieve the objectives of this plan, factorial experiment was performed on PGP sprinkler with regard to the two factors, the pressure of the sprinkler function (with three levels 1.6, 2.5 and 3.4 bar) and the diameter of the nozzle (with three levels of 4, 5 and 6 mm) with three replications (morning, noon and night). Assessing the result of the data variance analysis showed that the effects of pressure, aperture diameter, and time on the wind drift and evaporation losses are not significant. Investigating the main effects of these factors showed that the effect of aperture diameter on irrigation losses is significant at the level of the 1%. In order to further investigate, the comparison of mean losses data in three aperture diameter was done using Duncan′s test. The results indicated that aperture 4 with the losses of 44% had a significant difference with other diameters. This result suggests an increase in losses for smaller diameters due to the small droplets and the increase in wind drift. Also, the comparison of the mean losses data in three times showed that irrigation at noon with the losses of 44% had a significant difference compared to other times due to a significant increase in temperature and radiation of the sun and saturation vapor pressure deficit, and there is no significant difference between morning and evening irrigation. Also, analysis of variance showed that the effect of water pressure change between 1.6 and 4.3 bar does not have a significant effect on the WDEL in this sprinkler. In general, the results showed that increasing wind speed increases the losses of evaporation and wind. Also, this study suggested that changing the irrigation time in areas with hot and dry days, from day to night in summer, leads to a significant reduction of the wind drift and evaporation losses.

Download Full-text