Review Article Drug Impairment and Liver Disease

Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) originates due to heavy and uncontrolled drinking of alcohol. It is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, which predominantly affects men globally. In the review article alcohol use disorders and several risk factors like gender, drinking habit, genetic differences, and obesity Hepatitis C virus has been described for the provocation of intestinal dysbiosis. Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a spectrum of diseases from steatohepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Due to dysbiosis, there are microbial changes also taking place in the liver and it further worsens the conditions. Treatment involves treating gut dysbiosis and altered balance of the micro-organism. The treatment strategy of ALD may also involve a non-dietary approach or dietary approach or by microbiota modulation.

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Separating the apples from the oranges: from NAFLD heterogeneity to personalized medicine

Exploration of Medicine ◽

10.37349/emed.2021.00061 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amedeo Lonardo

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Review Article ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Personalized Care ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Progression Of Disease ◽

Systemic Nature ◽

The Individual ◽

Full Consideration

Recently, Arrese and Colleagues have published a review article entitled, “Insights into Nonalcoholic Fatty-Liver Disease (NAFLD) Heterogeneity” (Semin Liver Dis. 2021;41:421-34. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1730927). This milestone publication clearly and exhaustively explains the multitude of pathogenic pathways involved in the development and progression of disease eventually conducive to heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and different disease outcomes. The present commentary first briefly discusses the biological grounds of NAFLD heterogeneity and then illustrates the work by Arrese et al. In conclusion, the presently adopted nomenclatures appear inadequate in rendering the complexity of disease in the individual patient. In order to adopt the principles of personalized care, what remains to be done is to propose and validate a simple and accurate classification system. This should give full consideration to the principal disease modifiers and should shape a scheme to be adopted in both clinical practice and in the research arena. Care should be taken to not neglect the systemic nature of disease.

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Recent advances in understanding and managing hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.22183.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Annarein J. C. Kerbert ◽

Rajiv Jalan

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Review Article ◽

Routine Clinical Practice ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Key Drivers

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common, severe complication of advanced chronic liver disease (CLD) and has a devastating impact on the patient’s quality of life and prognosis. The neurotoxin ammonia and the presence of systemic and neurological inflammation are considered the key drivers of this neuropsychiatric syndrome. Treatment options available in routine clinical practice are limited, and the development of novel therapies is hampered owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of HE. This review article aims to outline the current understanding of the pathomechanisms of HE and the recent advances in the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets.

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