The impact of different habitats on some C3 and C4 species of poaceae growing in Nile delta

Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in the Nile Delta. Unfortunately, it might be polluted by seepage from polluted streams. This study was carried out to investigate the possible measures &#160;to &#160;protect groundwater&#160; in the Nile delta aquifer using a numerical model (MT3DMS - Mass Transport 3-Dimension Multi-Species). The sources of groundwater contamination were identified and the total dissolved solids (TDS) was taken as an indicator for the contamination. Different strategies were investigated for mitigating the impact of polluted water: i) allocating polluted drains and canals in lower permeability layers; ii) &#160;installing cut-off walls in the polluted drains, and finally, iii) using lining materials in polluted drains and canals. Results indicated these measures effective to mitigate the groundwater pollution. In particular, the cut-off wall was effective for contamination reduction in shallow aquifers, whereas it had no effect in the deep aquifer, while lining materials in polluted drains and canals were able to prevent contamination and to protect the freshwater in the aquifers. &#160;It is worth mentioning that this study was partially supported by a bilateral project between ASRT (Egypt) and CNR (Italy).&#160;&#160;

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The impact of climate changes on the water footprint of wheat and maize production in the Nile Delta, Egypt

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 743 ◽

pp. 140770 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Elbeltagi ◽

Muhammad Rizwan Aslam ◽

Anurag Malik ◽

Behrouz Mehdinejadiani ◽

Ankur Srivastava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Water Footprint ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Maize Production ◽

The Impact

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LEAF AIR SPACE SYSTEMS IN C3 AND C4 SPECIES

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb01464.x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 295-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

G. S. BYOTT

Keyword(s):

Space Systems ◽

C3 And C4 Species ◽

C4 Species ◽

Air Space

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Three Decades Monitoring of Shoreline Change Pattern of Damietta Promontory, Nile Delta, Egypt

Aquatic Science and Technology ◽

10.5296/ast.v8i2.17087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ayman A. El-Gamal ◽

Sherif H. Balbaa ◽

Mohamed A. Rashed ◽

Ahmed S. Mansour

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Shoreline Change ◽

Sediment Flux ◽

Heavy Minerals ◽

Nile River ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Change Pattern ◽

The Impact

The Nile Delta is located on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast extending along nearly 240 km from the east of Alexandria to Port Said. The coastal area of the Nile Delta Promontories has been suffering extensive erosion problem. This was achieved after the construction of many water regulation structures in Nile River as dams and barrages, particularly the Aswan High Dam. It has nearly stopped the sediment flux carried by the Nile River to the Delta. This process has caused the Mediterranean Sea to reshape the Nile Delta coastal area. In order to cease these problems several engineering hard structures have been built. These structures avoided in ceasing the problem in the site of construction but shifted the erosion problem to the adjacent sites. This study aimed to analyze the shoreline change pattern on the term of three decades during the period between 1985 to 2015 at the coastal strip of Damietta Promontory and the impact of these protective structures on the coastal area. This was accomplished by the automated delineation of the successive shorelines covering this period using remote sensing imagery. The shorelines were extracted using the MNDWI index. The extracted shorelines were manipulated through the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software. The shoreline change rates were compared with sediments grain size for the past thirty years, heavy minerals content and radioactivity of recent marine sediment samples collected from different locations of marine profiles over the study area. The study revealed that Damietta Promontory has suffered from erosion during the study period reached its maximum shoreline retreat at the eastern side, nearly – 43 m/y. The total cumulative shoreline regression during the study period at this area was 1311m. The relation between the shoreline change process (erosion or accretion) and the physical parameters of coastal sediment showed that; as erosion increases, the heavy minerals content and radioactivity increases, while the mean grain size decreases and vice versa.

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Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Groundwater Extraction Scenarios on Fresh Groundwater Resources in the Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt

Water ◽

10.3390/w10111690 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1690 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marmar Mabrouk ◽

Andreja Jonoski ◽

Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink ◽

Stefan Uhlenbrook

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Saline Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Salt Transport ◽

Groundwater Extraction ◽

Fresh Groundwater ◽

The Impact

As Egypt’s population increases, the demand for fresh groundwater extraction will intensify. Consequently, the groundwater quality will deteriorate, including an increase in salinization. On the other hand, salinization caused by saltwater intrusion in the coastal Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) is also threatening the groundwater resources. The aim of this article is to assess the situation in 2010 (since this is when most data is sufficiently available) regarding the available fresh groundwater resources and to evaluate future salinization in the NDA using a 3D variable-density groundwater flow model coupled with salt transport that was developed with SEAWAT. This is achieved by examining six future scenarios that combine two driving forces: increased extraction and sea level rise (SLR). Given the prognosis of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the scenarios are used to assess the impact of groundwater extraction versus SLR on the seawater intrusion in the Delta and evaluate their contributions to increased groundwater salinization. The results show that groundwater extraction has a greater impact on salinization of the NDA than SLR, while the two factors combined cause the largest reduction of available fresh groundwater resources. The significant findings of this research are the determination of the groundwater volumes of fresh water, brackish, light brackish and saline water in the NDA as a whole and in each governorate and the identification of the governorates that are most vulnerable to salinization. It is highly recommended that the results of this analysis are considered in future mitigation and/or adaptation plans.

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Photosynthetic responses of C3 and C4 species from cool shaded habitats in Hawaii

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/bf00541783 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 106-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Robert H. Robichaux ◽

Robert W. Pearcy

Keyword(s):

C3 And C4 Species ◽

C4 Species ◽

Photosynthetic Responses

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Distribution of South African C3 and C4 species of Cyperaceae in relation to climate and phylogeny

Austral Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01368.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 313-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

W. D. STOCK ◽

D. K. CHUBA ◽

G. A. VERBOOM

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

C3 And C4 Species ◽

C4 Species

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An Investigation Concerning the Impact of Climate Changes on the Water Equilibrium in the Egyptian Nile Delta

Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste Geographical Series ◽

10.1515/avutgs-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 58-69

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Ashour ◽

Tawab E. Aly ◽

Yousra A. Eldegwee

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Water Level ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Sea Water ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Salt Water ◽

Water Level Rise ◽

Productive Land ◽

Water Equilibrium ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn such problematic water situation in Egypt, control and saving of the available limited quantity takes great importance from both technical and national points of view. In addition to all the well-known traditional reasons of the problem such as pollution, over usage, and bad traditions of dealing with water, a new very important reason is added nowadays, called “Climate Changes” which has a direct impact on sea water rising, that causes a serious attack of the salt water to the fresh water especially in River Deltas., Not only the surface water, but also the ground water. Since that process proved some acceleration, several investigations have recently considered the worst impacts of climate change and sea water level rise on sea water intrusion. Most of them have revealed the severity of such problem, and the significance of the land movement of the dispersion zone under the sea water level rise situation. In this paper, we try to introduce a technical review and study for the most popular studies concerning our topic, and its most important conclusions, as an approach for preparing the Ph.D. thesis about the Nile Delta water equilibrium in the light of the expected Mediterranean Sea water level rise. Nile Delta, which located between Damietta Branch on the East, and Rosetta Branch on the west, occupies about 20000 square kilometers of the most rich, productive land in Egypt. About 50% of Egyptian population live in that area, agriculture is the main human activities on them, so water is the prime factor in their life, and their agriculture investments. The great amount of this investment depends on the ground water, which faces a serious challenge due to, two reasons, first, is the overuse, and over pumping, while the second is the attack of the salt water due to the Mediterranean Seawater level rise, because of the climate changes. These two reasons must be overcome, if the first reason can be controlled by law, and technical roles, the second reason needs intensive studies and investigations concerning the interaction between seawater and fresh ground water.

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