Plant capacity affects some basic indices of treated water quality: multivariate statistical analysis of drinking water treatment plants in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 476-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Ohno ◽  
Emi Kadota ◽  
Yoshihiko Matsui ◽  
Yoshimi Kondo ◽  
Taku Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Capacity

scholarly journals Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Reem Ahmed Alrwai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

Objectives for optimization and consequences for operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. C. van der Helm ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
Th. G. J. Bosklopper ◽  
J. W. N. M. Kappelhof ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Optimization for operation of drinking water treatment plants should focus on water quality and not on environmental impact or costs. Using improvement of water quality as objective for optimization can lead to new views on operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants. This is illustrated for ozonation in combination with biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration at drinking water treatment plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet, the water cycle company for Amsterdam and surrounding areas. The water quality parameters that are taken into account are assimilable organic carbon (AOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pathogens. The operational parameters that are taken into account are the ozone dosage and the regeneration frequency of the BAC filters. It is concluded that ozone dosage and regeneration frequency should be reduced in combination with application of newly developed insights in design of ozone installations. It is also concluded that a new concept for Weesperkarspel with an additional ion exchange (IEX) step for natural organic matter (NOM) removal will contribute to the improvement of the disinfection capacity of ozonation and the biological stability of the produced drinking water.

scholarly journals Selection of a bioassay battery to assess toxicity in the affluents and effluents of three water-treatment plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bohórquez-Echeverry ◽  
Marcela Duarte-Castañeda ◽  
Nubia León-López ◽  
Fabián Caicedo-Carrascal ◽  
Myriam Vásquez-Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

<strong>Objective</strong>. The assessment of water quality includes the analysis of both physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. However, none of these evaluates the biological effect that can be generated in ecosystems or humans. In order to define the most suitable organisms to evaluate the toxicity in the affluent and effluent of three drinking-water treatment plants, five acute toxicity bioassays were used, incorporating three taxonomic groups of the food chain. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. The bioassays used were Daphnia magna and Hydra attenuata as animal models, Lactuca sativa and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as plant models, and Photobacterium leioghnathi as bacterial model. To meet this objective, selection criteria of the organisms evaluated and cluster analysis were used to identify the most sensitive in the affluent and effluent of each plant. <strong>Results</strong>. All organisms are potentially useful in the assessment of water quality by meeting four essential requirements and 17 desirable requirements equivalent to 100% acceptability, except P. leioghnathi which does not meet two essential requirements that are the IC50 for the toxic reference and the confidence interval. The animal, plant and bacterial models showed different levels of sensitivity at the entrance and exit of the water treatment systems. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. H. attenuata, P. subcapitata and P. leioghnathi were the most effective organisms in detecting toxicity levels in the affluents and D. magna, P. subcapitata and P. leioghnathi in the effluents.<br /><strong>Key words</strong>: bioassays, cluster analysis, drinking water, raw water, toxicity.

scholarly journals Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water Treatment Plants from Korea: Occurrence and Human Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Wonjin Sim ◽  
Sol Choi ◽  
Gyojin Choo ◽  
Mihee Yang ◽  
Ju-Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

In this study, the concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in raw water and treated water samples obtained from 18 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The ∑13OPFR concentrations in the treated water samples (29.5–122 ng/L; median 47.5 ng/L) were lower than those in the raw water (37.7–231 ng/L; median 98.1 ng/L), which indicated the positive removal rates (0–80%) of ∑13OPFR in the DWTPs. The removal efficiencies of ∑27PFAS in the DWTPs ranged from −200% to 50%, with the ∑27PFAS concentrations in the raw water (4.15–154 ng/L; median 32.0 ng/L) being similar to or lower than those in the treated water (4.74–116 ng/L; median 42.2 ng/L). Among OPFR, tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were dominant in both raw water and treated water samples obtained from the DWTPs. The dominant PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)) in the raw water samples were slightly different from those in the treated water samples (PFOA, L-perfluorohexane sulfonate (L-PFHxS), and PFHxA). The 95-percentile daily intakes of ∑13OPFR and ∑27PFAS via drinking water consumption were estimated to be up to 4.9 ng/kg/d and 0.22 ng/kg/d, respectively. The hazard index values of OPFR and PFAS were lower than 1, suggesting the risks less than known hazardous levels.

Analysis of adenoviruses and polyomaviruses quantified by qPCR as indicators of water quality in source and drinking-water treatment plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Albinana-Gimenez ◽  
Marize P. Miagostovich ◽  
Byron Calgua ◽  
Josep M. Huguet ◽  
Lleonard Matia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

scholarly journals Trophic status, phytoplankton diversity, and water quality at Kafr El-Shinawy drinking-water treatment plant, Damietta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Deyab ◽  
Magda El-Adl ◽  
Fatma Ward ◽  
Eman Omar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Treated Water

Abstract This work aims to study the seasonal fluctuation in physicochemical characteristics, trophic status, and some pollutants influencing phytoplankton diversity, and water quality at a compact Kafr El-Shinawy drinking-water treatment plant, Damietta – Egypt seasonally during 2018. Phytoplankton distribution was affected by the trophic status of water, level of pollutants, and physicochemical treatment processes of water. The predominance of phytoplankton species, especially Aphanizomenon flos aquae (Cyanophyta), Gomphosphaeria lacustris (Cyanophyta), Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyta), Nostoc punctiforme (Cyanophyta), Oscillatoria limnetica (Cyanophyta), Pediastrum simplex (Chlorophyta), and Melosira granulata (Bacillariophyta) in treated water was much less than that in raw water. Trihalomethanes (THMs) levels in treated waters were higher than in raw water, while lower concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in treated water. Intracellular levels of microcystins were lower, whereas the extracellular levels were higher in treated water than raw water, and the former recorded the highest level in raw water during summer. Hence, the levels of dissolved microcystins and THMs in treated water were higher especially during summer, the season of luxurious growth of Microcystis species. Trophic state index (TSI) was relatively high in raw water compared with treated water due to high concentrations of nutrients (total-P, total-N, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia) in raw water.

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