Analysis of adenoviruses and polyomaviruses quantified by qPCR as indicators of water quality in source and drinking-water treatment plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Albinana-Gimenez ◽  
Marize P. Miagostovich ◽  
Byron Calgua ◽  
Josep M. Huguet ◽  
Lleonard Matia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

scholarly journals Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Reem Ahmed Alrwai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

Objectives for optimization and consequences for operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. C. van der Helm ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
Th. G. J. Bosklopper ◽  
J. W. N. M. Kappelhof ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Optimization for operation of drinking water treatment plants should focus on water quality and not on environmental impact or costs. Using improvement of water quality as objective for optimization can lead to new views on operation, design and concept of drinking water treatment plants. This is illustrated for ozonation in combination with biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration at drinking water treatment plant Weesperkarspel of Waternet, the water cycle company for Amsterdam and surrounding areas. The water quality parameters that are taken into account are assimilable organic carbon (AOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pathogens. The operational parameters that are taken into account are the ozone dosage and the regeneration frequency of the BAC filters. It is concluded that ozone dosage and regeneration frequency should be reduced in combination with application of newly developed insights in design of ozone installations. It is also concluded that a new concept for Weesperkarspel with an additional ion exchange (IEX) step for natural organic matter (NOM) removal will contribute to the improvement of the disinfection capacity of ozonation and the biological stability of the produced drinking water.

scholarly journals Selection of a bioassay battery to assess toxicity in the affluents and effluents of three water-treatment plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bohórquez-Echeverry ◽  
Marcela Duarte-Castañeda ◽  
Nubia León-López ◽  
Fabián Caicedo-Carrascal ◽  
Myriam Vásquez-Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

<strong>Objective</strong>. The assessment of water quality includes the analysis of both physical-chemical and microbiological parameters. However, none of these evaluates the biological effect that can be generated in ecosystems or humans. In order to define the most suitable organisms to evaluate the toxicity in the affluent and effluent of three drinking-water treatment plants, five acute toxicity bioassays were used, incorporating three taxonomic groups of the food chain. <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. The bioassays used were Daphnia magna and Hydra attenuata as animal models, Lactuca sativa and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata as plant models, and Photobacterium leioghnathi as bacterial model. To meet this objective, selection criteria of the organisms evaluated and cluster analysis were used to identify the most sensitive in the affluent and effluent of each plant. <strong>Results</strong>. All organisms are potentially useful in the assessment of water quality by meeting four essential requirements and 17 desirable requirements equivalent to 100% acceptability, except P. leioghnathi which does not meet two essential requirements that are the IC50 for the toxic reference and the confidence interval. The animal, plant and bacterial models showed different levels of sensitivity at the entrance and exit of the water treatment systems. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. H. attenuata, P. subcapitata and P. leioghnathi were the most effective organisms in detecting toxicity levels in the affluents and D. magna, P. subcapitata and P. leioghnathi in the effluents.<br /><strong>Key words</strong>: bioassays, cluster analysis, drinking water, raw water, toxicity.

Modifications of unit processes for finished water quality improvement at the Kueui water treatment plant in Seoul

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
M.J. Yu ◽  
H.M. Cho ◽  
J.Y. Koo ◽  
I.S. Han ◽  
E.M. Gwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Sedimentation Basins

Recently, Seoul city has tried to modify and upgrade the existing facilities and utilities and to improve the established water treatment plants, instead of application of a new treatment process. These efforts have finally lowered the turbidity of finished water below 0.1NTU. Small lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments have been conducted and they have provided optimum parameters for the design and operation of drinking water treatment plants. In addition, quantitative and/or trace analysis technologies developed for monitoring water quality of effluent from unit processes and automization of facilities, have contributed to the improvement of turbidity in drinking water. The Kueui water treatment plant, one of the drinking water treatment plants in Seoul, produces finished water with 0.08 NTU. It results from the operators' continuous endeavor to lower the turbidity in a scale of 0.01 NTU. The data for 12 months indicated that turbidity of settled water was less than 1.16 NTU and that of filtered water was less than 0.12 NTU for 95% of the period. Sedimentation basins and sand filters satisfy the recommended turbidity criteria, 2 NTU and 0.3 NTU, respectively. Also Kueui water treatment plant has focused on the control of organic matters to decrease in DBPs and on the removal of microorganisms.

Modeling of full-scale drinking water treatment plants with embedded plant control

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. C. van der Helm ◽  
L. T. J. van der Aa ◽  
K. M. van Schagen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Control

In general, the available control actions in drinking water treatment plants are not directly related to the process objectives for water quality. Model based optimization of operation of a drinking water treatment plant by direct control of water quality objectives is discussed. Plant control with PID controllers is embedded in the model of a drinking water treatment plant and the ozonation process in the plant is used as a case study. It is concluded that direct control of water quality objectives, e.g. Giardia inactivation for ozonation, can largely reduce uncertainty and variation in process performance and leads to improvements of drinking water quality. In the discussed case it led to less bromate formation at the same disinfection capacity. Embedded plant control with PID controllers in the model of drinking water treatment plants through the use of code for writing control functionality has a large potential for model based optimization of operation.

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