Analysis of Non-Linear Rainfall-Runoff Process

Rainfall runoff phenomena in small watersheds are favorably modelled using the kinematic wave approach. The present investigation considers excess rainfall as time dependent but ignores spatial effects. Solutions of a recent approach are analyzed for a complete cascade consisting of catchment area and small stream. Typical cases are discussed and results include predictions of maximum discharge at the watershed outlet, corresponding time to peak and the overall description of the resulting hydrograph. Criteria concerning the applicability of the kinematic wave approach are given, and examples illustrate the computational procedure.

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Improving event-based rainfall–runoff modeling using a combined artificial neural network–kinematic wave approach

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.06.037 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 390 (1-2) ◽

pp. 92-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lloyd H.C. Chua ◽

Tommy S.W. Wong

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Kinematic Wave ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Wave Approach ◽

Runoff Modeling ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Event Based

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Use of terraces to reduce overland flow and soil erosion, comparison of the HEC-HMS model and the KINFIL model application

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/160/2016-swr ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 195-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Fedorová ◽

H. Bačinová ◽

P. Kovář

Keyword(s):

Catchment Area ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Wave Method ◽

Kinematic Wave ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Unit Hydrograph ◽

North West ◽

Software Products ◽

Dimensionless Unit ◽

West Bohemia

In our study, a system of seven natural terraces interspersed with six field belts situated at the Knínice locality (the Ore Mts., North-West Bohemia) was selected as the experimental catchment area. Overland flow was computed using two different methods: the kinematic wave method and the SCS dimensionless Unit hydrograph (UH). For the kinematic wave method calculations the KINFIL software was used; for SCS dimensionless hydrograph the HEC-HMS software was applied. The results compare hydrographs with N-year recurrence of rainfall-runoff time, where N = 10, 20, 50, and 100 years. The comparison provides hydraulic results with terraces and without terraces computed using both mentioned software products. Although two different methods of overland flow computation were performed, the input data obtained from geodetic and hydrological measurements were identical. Results of the comparison are presented and discussed.

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Derivation of S-Curve from Oscillatory Hydrograph Using Digital Filter

Water ◽

10.3390/w13111456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Kee-Won Seong ◽

Jang Hyun Sung

Keyword(s):

Digital Filter ◽

Model Performance ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Small Watershed ◽

Unit Hydrograph ◽

Time To Peak ◽

S Curve ◽

And Performance ◽

Smooth Data

An oscillatory S-curve causes unexpected fluctuations in a unit hydrograph (UH) of desired duration or an instantaneous UH (IUH) that may affect the constraints for hydrologic stability. On the other hand, the Savitzky–Golay smoothing and differentiation filter (SG filter) is a digital filter known to smooth data without distorting the signal tendency. The present study proposes a method based on the SG filter to cope with oscillatory S-curves. Compared to previous conventional methods, the application of the SG filter to an S-curve was shown to drastically reduce the oscillation problems on the UH and IUH. In this method, the SG filter parameters are selected to give the minimum influence on smoothing and differentiation. Based on runoff reproduction results and performance criteria, it appears that the SG filter performed both smoothing and differentiation without the remarkable variation of hydrograph properties such as peak or time-to peak. The IUH, UH, and S-curve were estimated using storm data from two watersheds. The reproduced runoffs showed high levels of model performance criteria. In addition, the analyses of two other watersheds revealed that small watershed areas may experience scale problems. The proposed method is believed to be valuable when error-prone data are involved in analyzing the linear rainfall–runoff relationship.

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Rainfall-runoff data from small watersheds in Colorado, October 1977 through September 1980

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr82873 ◽

1983 ◽

Author(s):

Betty J. Cochran ◽

D.R. Minges ◽

R.D. Jarrett ◽

J.E. Veenhuis

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Small Watersheds

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Possibility of Using Selected Rainfall-Runoff Models for Determining the Design Hydrograph in Mountainous Catchments: A Case Study in Poland

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dariusz Młyński ◽

Andrzej Wałęga ◽

Leszek Książek ◽

Jacek Florek ◽

Andrea Petroselli

Keyword(s):

Catchment Area ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Peak Flows ◽

Mountainous Catchment ◽

Mountainous Catchments ◽

Relative Errors ◽

Runoff Hydrographs

The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of using selected rainfall-runoff models to determine the design hydrograph and the related peak flow in a mountainous catchment. The basis for the study was the observed series of hydrometeorological data for the Grajcarek catchment area (Poland) for the years 1981–2014. The analysis was carried out in the following stages: verification of hydrometeorological data; determination of the design rainfall; and determination of runoff hydrographs with the following rainfall-runoff models: Snyder, NRCS-UH, and EBA4SUB. The conducted research allowed the conclusion that the EBA4SUB model may be an alternative to other models in determining the design hydrograph in ungauged mountainous catchments. This is evidenced by the lower values of relative errors in the estimation of peak flows with an assumed frequency for the EBA4SUB model, as compared to Snyder and NRCS-UH.

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Assessment of runoff contributing catchment areas in rainfall runoff modelling

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.621 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (6-7) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. Thorndahl ◽

C. Johansen ◽

K. Schaarup-Jensen

Keyword(s):

Catchment Area ◽

Reduction Factor ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Impervious Surfaces ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Impervious Area ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Essential Parameter

In numerical modelling of rainfall caused runoff in urban sewer systems an essential parameter is the hydrological reduction factor which defines the percentage of the impervious area contributing to the surface flow towards the sewer. As the hydrological processes during a rainfall are difficult to determine with significant precision the hydrological reduction factor is implemented to account all hydrological losses except the initial loss. This paper presents an inconsistency between calculations of the hydrological reduction factor, based on measurements of rainfall and runoff, and till now recommended literature values for residential areas. It is proven by comparing rainfall-runoff measurements from four different residential catchments that the literature values of the hydrological reduction factor are over-estimated for this type of catchment. In addition, different catchment descriptions are presented in order to investigate how the hydrological reduction factor depends on the level of detail regarding the catchment description. When applying a total survey of the catchment area, including all possible impervious surfaces, a hydrological reduction factor of approximately 0.5 for residential areas with mainly detached houses is recommended–contrary to the literature recommended values of 0.7–0.9.

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