scholarly journals Possibility of Using Selected Rainfall-Runoff Models for Determining the Design Hydrograph in Mountainous Catchments: A Case Study in Poland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Młyński ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Leszek Książek ◽  
Jacek Florek ◽  
Andrea Petroselli
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs

The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of using selected rainfall-runoff models to determine the design hydrograph and the related peak flow in a mountainous catchment. The basis for the study was the observed series of hydrometeorological data for the Grajcarek catchment area (Poland) for the years 1981–2014. The analysis was carried out in the following stages: verification of hydrometeorological data; determination of the design rainfall; and determination of runoff hydrographs with the following rainfall-runoff models: Snyder, NRCS-UH, and EBA4SUB. The conducted research allowed the conclusion that the EBA4SUB model may be an alternative to other models in determining the design hydrograph in ungauged mountainous catchments. This is evidenced by the lower values of relative errors in the estimation of peak flows with an assumed frequency for the EBA4SUB model, as compared to Snyder and NRCS-UH.

scholarly journals A New Empirical Approach to Calculating Flood Frequency in Ungauged Catchments: A Case Study of the Upper Vistula Basin, Poland

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Młyński ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Tomasz Stachura ◽  
Grzegorz Kaczor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Statistical Verification ◽  
Observation Series ◽  
Data Estimation

The aim of the work was to develop a new empirical model for calculating the peak annual flows of a given frequency of occurrence (QT) in the ungauged catchments of the upper Vistula basin in Poland. The approach to the regionalization of the catchment and the selection of the optimal form of the empirical model are indicated as a novelty of the proposed research. The research was carried out on the basis of observation series of peak annual flows (Qmax) for 41 catchments. The analysis was performed in the following steps: statistical verification of data; estimation of Qmax flows using kernel density estimation; determination of physiographic and meteorological characteristics affecting the Qmax flow volume; determination of the value of dimensionless quantiles for QT flow calculation in the upper Vistula basin; verification of the determined correlation for the calculation of QT flows in the upper Vistula basin. Based on the research we conducted, we found that the following factors have the greatest impact on the formation of flood flows in the upper Vistula basin: the size of catchment area; the height difference in the catchment area; the density of the river network; the soil imperviousness index; and the volume of normal annual precipitation. The verification procedure that we performed made it possible to conclude that the developed empirical model functions correctly.

scholarly journals Analysis of Problems Related to the Calculation of Flood Frequency Using Rainfall-Runoff Models: A Case Study in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7187
Author(s):  
Dariusz Młyński
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Retention Capacity

This work aimed to quantify how the different parameters of the Snyder model influence the errors in design flows. The study was conducted for the Kamienica Nowojowska catchment (Poland). The analysis was carried out according to the following stages: determination of design precipitation, determination of design hyetograph, sensitivity analysis of the Snyder model, and quality assessment of the Snyder model. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the Snyder model did not show high sensitivity to the assumed precipitation distribution. The parameters depending on the retention capacity of the catchment had much greater impact on the obtained flow values. The verification of the model quality showed a significant disproportion in the calculated maximum flow values with the assumed return period.

An analytically derived distribution function for mean areal rainfall

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Areal Rainfall ◽  
Frequency Curves

Both temporal and spatial information on rainfall distributions are important in various types of hydrologic studies concerning the determination of runoff characteristics. In reality, rainfall is measured at a point. Hence, for practical purposes, it is necessary to establish some relationships for the transformation of point rainfall at a fixed location to average rainfall over a catchment area in order to provide a more reliable input for rainfall-runoff models. The least equivocal method for deriving values of areal correction factor seems to be directly from frequency curves of areal and point rainfalls. Knowledge of the probability distribution of mean areal rainfall, therefore, is of paramount importance in solving this complex practical problem in hydrology.

scholarly journals Determination of Watershed Characteristics and Curve Number (CN) for Ponnaniyaru Dam Catchment Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Selvakumar R ◽  
Nasir N ◽  
Suribabu C R
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Scs Cn ◽  
Hydrologic Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

In SCS-CN method, curve number is significant parameter in estimating runoff from the catchment of the reservoir or inflow to the reservoir. As this curve number is function of several parameters like hydrological soil group, LULC, land treatment, hydrologic conditions and AMC, the selection of CN for prediction of inflow to the lake or reservoir is considered as a crucial in the hydrological studies. LULC, micro-watershed, drainage density, and catchment slope are obtained using spatial analysis and also SCS Curve Number value for Ponnaniyaru dam catchment area is derived from the LULC data. Further, CN value is evaluated from actual rainfall data and runoff volume collected at the reservoir. The study reveals the significant variation of CN value among each event. The present case study highlights the sensitiveness of CN value in the computation of runoff from the watershed. Keywords: Curve number, LULC, AMC, drainage density. 

scholarly journals Implications of discontinuous IDF equations in generation of runoff hydrographs. Case study: IDF-Porto Alegre (8º DISME)

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Helfer ◽  
Fernando Dornelles ◽  
Joel Avruch Goldenfum
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) equations establish the relationship between the intensity and the duration of an extreme precipitation associated to the probability of its occurrence. Some studies have fitted multiple IDF equations per rain gauge, valid for certain rain duration ranges. An example is the IDF equation for the 8th District of Meteorology of Porto Alegre rain gauge, established and published by the CPRM in the Pluviometric Atlas Project. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the implication of using this type of IDF equation, referred to as a “discontinuous IDF equation”, in the generation of runoff hydrographs, using the mentioned IDF as case study. The methodology consisted in comparing the peak flow and the runoff volume of hydrographs generated by the discontinuous IDF equation with the hydrographs obtained by using a single IDF equation. The runoff hydrographs were generated for hypothetical basins with the following characteristics: contribution areas of 5, 20 and 80 km2; CN of 70, 80 and 90; and time of concentration of 20, 40, 60, 100 and 200 minutes. A 24-hour rainfall event was considered with return period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. As results, it was observed that, in the case studied, the multiple IDF equation present a better fit to the observed rainfall data than the single IDF equation. However, the discontinuity at the transition point between the equations, depending on its magnitude, may present some influence on the peak flow and on the runoff volume due to occurrence of secondary peaks on the runoff hydrographs. Therefore, it is recommended that a maximum limit of discontinuity must be observed between the multiple equations in order to avoid the occurrence of secondary peaks in the runoff hydrographs.

scholarly journals Accessibility of Transit Stops with Multiple Feeder Modes: Walking and Private-Bike Cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Mingzhu Song ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Critical Index ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
City Managers ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Level Model ◽  
In Transit

The accessibility of transit stops (ATS) is a critical index for the evaluation of transit service, focusing on the first/last mile portions of transit trips. It is significantly affected by feeder modes, such as walking and cycling. Comparison of the application of different modes has been addressed in previous research, thus there is mostly only one feeder mode considered in this case study. This study has proposed a model for ATS with multiple feeder modes (ATSMFM), capable of integrating multiple feeder modes and considering the heterogeneity of travellers from the perspective of city managers. It is a bi-level model, combining cumulative and utility-based approaches. The final form of ATSMFM is developed referring to the cumulative approach, while the determination of the catchment area is utility-based. A numerical experiment has been conducted to demonstrate the necessity and applicability of ATSMFM. The results show that the ATS with a single feeder mode, such as cycling or walking, underestimates the catchment area of nearly one-third or two-thirds of travellers. As for ATSMFM, this proposed approach can automatically select the feeder mode from alternatives according to traveller attributes, thus removing the limitation of a single feeder mode, and is suitable for calculating ATS in the complex environment with multiple feeder modes. Besides, the ATSMFM model can support city managers with different emphases in transit planning via flexibly setting the threshold.

Effect of Spatial Rainfall Distribution on Sewer Flows

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Spatially Homogeneous

Errors in computing flows are caused by uncertainties about input data as well as uncertainties about appropriate models and model parameters. It is investigated how errors of the input “rainfall”, especially errors in spatial resolution, propagate by computation of sewer flows. Results of a case study about a sewer system with a catchment area of 2 km2 and ca. 1000 reaches between manholes show−that mean errors in rainfall event depths of about 20 % occur even with five raingages within or close to the catchment−that the errors by disregarding the spatial distribution are amplified rather than damped by the rainfall-runoff transformation and−that using spatially homogeneous rainfall input for flow computations cause systematic errors due to the wrong assumption of spatially homogeneous initial losses and due to dominating directions of storm movement.

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

The Calculation of Turbulent Diffusion Coefficients in Aquatic Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3903-3907
Author(s):  
Galina Marusic ◽  
Valeriu Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Transport Equation ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prut River

The paper deals with the issues related to the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The influence of turbulence on the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the mentioned systems, as well as the calculation of the turbulent diffusion coefficients are studied. A case study on the determination of turbulent diffusion coefficients for some sectors of the Prut River is presented. A new method is proposed for the determination of the turbulent diffusion coefficients in the pollutant transport equation for specific sectors of a river, according to the associated number of P�clet, calculated for each specific area: the left bank, the right bank and the middle of the river.

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