Life-cycle costs approach (LCCA) for sustainable water service delivery: a study in rural Andhra Pradesh, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ratna Reddy ◽  
N. Jayakumar ◽  
M. Venkataswamy ◽  
M. Snehalatha ◽  
Charles Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Cost Components

This paper illustrates the usefulness of the life-cycle costs approach (LCCA) framework and methodology in addressing slippage and sustainability issues in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector in the State of Andhra Pradesh (AP), India. Source sustainability, poor operation and maintenance and water quality are the main reasons for slippage in India. The paper examines the actual cost of provision in 43 villages spread over two agro-climatic zones by cost components that cause slippage and identifies the gaps in (public) investments and how these gaps are responsible for poor, inequitable and unsustainable service delivery. The analysis brings out clearly that government expenditure on WASH is almost exclusively capital expenditure on infrastructure while other important cost components like planning and designing, capital maintenance, source sustainability, water quality, etc., receive little or no allocation. The key message of the paper is that allocations to rural drinking water sector are low at the design and implementation stage but more ends up being spent due to ad hoc interventions and funding allocations for rural water are distorted. It is argued that adoption of LCCA would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of budget allocations to the drinking water sector.

scholarly journals Study Relating to the Spatial Distribution of Ground Water Quality for Different Elements using Legacy Data of RWS&S, Andhra Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
P. Prakash ◽  
A. Kumar Das ◽  
C. V. S. Sandilya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Ground Water Quality

The state of Andhra Pradesh, India falls in water stress<sup>4</sup> area. The primary objective of this study is to examine the spatial distribution of different chemical elements with respect to its contamination level. About 70 % of drinking water needs in rural areas and 40 % drinking water needs in urban areas are met from groundwater resources. In the last decades, rapid population growth coupled with agricultural expansion due to subsidized power to agriculture has significantly increased demand on groundwater resources. Combined to this, the effect of Global warming has put stress on ground water which is resulting in declines in water levels and deterioration of ground water quality. This may be evidenced by the fact that the phreatic aquifer which was in use two decades ago, is existing no more now in some of the parts of the study area and the water is being drawn from deeper aquifers beyond phreatic aquifers. The study has been carried out for which one or more elements are contaminated and to study its spatial distribution.

scholarly journals Public Demand for Improved Urban Water Supply Services in Multan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Junaid Alam Memon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Water Charges

Governments in developing countries face financial constraints to ensure supply of clean drinking water. They may benefit from increasing water charges for those who are be willing to pay little extra in lieu of their demand for improvement in water quality and service. To check the plausibility of this proposal, we investigated drinking water supply and quality, and welloff consumers demand for improved service delivery in Shah-Rukun-e-alam and Mumtazabad towns in Multan city of Pakistan. Qualitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey was analyzed using descriptive and regression techniques. Qualitative information obtained through semi structured interviews was helpful in designing survey questionnaire and to elaborate quantitative results. Results reveal that the respondents accord high importance to the provision of safe drinking water than to other daily household needs. The demand for improvement in water supply parameters exceeds the demand for improvements in water quality parameters, with the reliable supply being the most demanded improvement. Majority realize the government’s budget constraints in improving service delivery. Most respondents would pay PKR 100 in addition to what they are paying now. Their willingness to pay (WTP) this amount correlates with their awareness on water and health nexus, and depends household income, number of children under 14 years age and awareness of actual water quality tested through laboratory. Besides recommending raise of water charges by PKR 100 per month per household in both towns, the service quality improvement may consider interventions such as mobile water testing laboratory and awareness campaigns motivate citizens to pay for safe drinking water.

scholarly journals The Right to Water Before Investment Tribunals

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ursula Kriebaum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Access ◽  
Maritime Environment

Access to safe drinking water and potential water degradation have played a role in many water-related investment arbitrations. This paper looks at two different types of investment cases that have emerged with an impact on water: First, it analyses cases that have arisen from privatizations in the water sector. They mainly concern problems connected with physical access to water and affordability. Second, it discusses cases concerning investments in other industries that have the potential to degrade water quality or to have a negative impact on the maritime environment. Using these typical constellations it focuses on the methodology tribunals adopt to deal with potential tensions between the right to water and investor rights.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Legal and Institutional Framework for the Management of Fiscal Liabilities Arising from Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Nwangwu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Project Risks

The procurement of infrastructure projects through the use of PPPs has a number of advantages including the potential of reducing life cycle costs, better project risks management and improved service delivery to mention a few. However, PPPs inevitably give rise to liabilities whether explicit or contingent. These liabilities where not properly managed may have adverse economic consequences for countries. This paper finds that whilst Nigeria has appropriate legal and institutional structures for managing fiscal liabilities generally, such structures are not designed or appropriate to deal with fiscal liabilities arising from PPPs. The paper makes suggestions on how this shortcoming may be addressed.

Artificial neural networks: applications in the drinking water sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1869-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O'Reilly ◽  
C. C. Bezuidenhout ◽  
J. J. Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANNs) could be used in effective drinking water quality management. This review provides an overview about the history of ANNs and their applications and shortcomings in the drinking water sector. From the papers reviewed, it was found that ANNs might be useful modelling tools due to their successful application in areas such as pipes/infrastructure, membrane filtration, coagulation dosage, disinfection residuals, water quality, etc. The most popular ANNs applied were feed-forward networks, especially Multi-layer Perceptrons (MLPs). It was also noted that over the past decade (2006–2016), ANNs have been increasingly applied in the drinking water sector. This, however, is not the case for South Africa where the application of ANNs in distribution systems is little to non-existent. Future research should be directed towards the application of ANNs in South African distribution systems and to develop these models into decision-making tools that water purification facilities could implement.

scholarly journals Associations between Perceptions of Drinking Water Service Delivery and Measured Drinking Water Quality in Rural Alabama

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7376-7392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wedgworth ◽  
Joe Brown ◽  
Pauline Johnson ◽  
Julie Olson ◽  
Mark Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Rural Alabama

scholarly journals Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Escher ◽  
Peta Neale ◽  
Frederic Leusch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Reference Manual

The first edition of Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment was released in 2012. The field has exploded since and the second edition updates and reviews the application of bioanalytical tools for water quality assessment including surveillance monitoring. The book focuses on applications to water quality assessment ranging from wastewater to drinking water, including recycled water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment. Emerging applications for other environmental matrices are also included. Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment, Second Edition, not only demonstrates applications but also fills in the background knowledge in toxicology/ecotoxicology needed to appreciate these applications. Each chapter summarises fundamental material in a targeted way so that information can be applied to better understand the use of bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment. The book can be used by lecturers teaching academic and professional courses and also by risk assessors, regulators, experts, consultants, researchers and managers working in the water sector. It can also be a reference manual for environmental engineers, analytical chemists and toxicologists. ISBN: 9781789061970 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789061987 (eBook)

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