scholarly journals Somatic coliphages and bacterial indicators of bathing water quality in the beaches of Gipuzkoa, Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús M. Ibarluzea ◽  
Belén Moreno ◽  
Elena Serrano ◽  
Karmele Larburu ◽  
María J. Maiztegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Monitoring the quality of the bathing waters of Gipuzkoa (the Basque Country, Spain) makes it possible to assess the suitability of its 15 beaches for bathing throughout each season. In 1998, the parameters E. coli, somatic coliphages (SOMCPH) and F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) were incorporated into the bathing water quality monitoring system. This enabled the study of the link between bacterial and viral indicators as well as the analysis of the ratios between both types of indicators in waters with different levels of pollution. Although bacterial indicators (total coliforms (TC) and faecal coliforms (FC)) and enterococci showed a strong correlation between them, the correlations between the viral indicators and between the viral and bacterial indicators were weaker, though significant in all cases. The ratio between SOMCPH and E. coli indicates that at low levels of bacterial pollution (E coli <100 MPN/100 ml) SOMCPH outnumber E coli. In contrast, at higher levels of pollution (E coli >100 MPN/100 ml), SOMCPH numbers are lower than those of E-coli. The data reveal the presence of viral indicators in waters classified as suitable for bathing by the European Directive and alert us to their suitability.

scholarly journals Development of a New Predictive index (Bathing Water Quality Index, BWQI) Based on Escherichia coli Physiological States for Bathing Waters Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Simone Bonamano ◽  
Alice Madonia ◽  
Gabriella Caruso ◽  
Giuseppe Zappalà ◽  
Marco Marcelli
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Bacterial pathogens in coastal aquatic ecosystems pose a potential public health hazard for bathing water use. The European Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC) currently relies on the culturability of fecal pollution bacterial indicators such as Escherichia coli, without considering dormant or quiescent (Viable But Not Culturable, VBNC) cells, whose possible resuscitation after bathers ingestion cannot be excluded. Standard methods are also time-consuming and therefore hardly meet early warning needs of marine monitoring. To solve this issue, a new index, the Bathing Water Quality Index (BWQI), has here been developed, allowing to identify the most favorable coastal zones for recreational use. The index was calculated by combining numerical simulations of living and dormant E. coli abundances and their residence times. To specifically set up the model with the different physiological states of the whole E. coli population, an ad hoc experiment based on the fluorescent antibody method was performed. The BWQI application to Santa Marinella bathing area highlights a potential risk for human health in the zone most frequented by bathers. This study provides a predictive tool to support preventive decisions of the competent authorities and to properly protect bathers’ health, stressing the need for improved methods for environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals Modeling of <i>E. coli</i> distribution for hazard assessment of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Alejandro Acero Oliete ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez Catalán ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Abstract. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) affect bathing water quality of receiving water bodies by bacterial pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the health hazard of bathing waters affected by CSOs. This is useful for bathing water managers, for risk assessment purposes, and for further impact and economic assessments. Pollutant hazard was evaluated based on two novel indicators proposed in this study: the mean duration of insufficient bathing water quality (1) over a period of time (i.e., several years) and (2) after single CSO/rain events. In particular, a novel correlation between the duration of seawater pollution and the event rainfall volume was developed. Pollutant hazard was assessed through a coupled urban drainage and seawater quality model that was developed, calibrated and validated based on local observations. Furthermore, hazard assessment was based on a novel statistical analysis of continuous simulations over a 9-year period using the coupled model. Finally, a validation of the estimated hazard is also shown. The health hazard was evaluated for the case study of Badalona (Spain) even though the methodology presented can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas and related receiving bathing water bodies. The case study presented is part of the EU-funded H2020 project BINGO (Bringing INnovation to OnGOing water management – a better future under climate change).

Stormwater overflow impacts on the sanitary quality of bathing waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Soyeux ◽  
F. Blanchet ◽  
B. Tisserand
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
On Line ◽  
Bathing Water Quality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

New European Directive 2006/7/EC concerning the management of bathing water quality introduces the concept of ‘active management of bathing water sanitary quality’ which could lead to a temporary bathing prohibition in case of short term pollution. For the last three bathing seasons, Veolia has carried out in experimental mode this ‘active management’ concept at more than one hundred bathing sites with various characteristics. Results confirm the high level of microbiological pollution observed in sewer overflows during rainy periods, which is the main cause of bathing water quality deterioration. An on-line treatment solution has been successfully tested. This solution may be used in dense urban areas.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus—An Additional Parameter of Bathing Water Quality for Crowded Urban Beaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5234
Author(s):  
Nancy Topić ◽  
Arijana Cenov ◽  
Slaven Jozić ◽  
Marin Glad ◽  
Diana Mance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

During the last years, the report of the occurrence of waterborne disease symptoms related to non-enteric pathogens has increased, without any record of higher levels of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci). Therefore, the use of current indicators is not always adequate when assessing the overall potential health risk and the inclusion of additional parameters needs to be examined. This paper reports on the incidence and levels of Staphylococcus aureus at 258 locations in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (Croatia) recorded by official bathing water quality monitoring, as well as supplemental monitoring carried out at the two most frequented beaches in the City of Rijeka. The number of bathers was found to be the main factor affecting S. aureus levels (r = 0.321, p < 0.05). The share of S. aureus positive samples from the official monitoring was significantly lower, when compared to the share of samples from supplemental monitoring (2.2% and 36.3%, respectively; p < 0.01). Besides the number of bathers, one of the main reasons is likely the higher sampling frequency. No correlation was found between S. aureus levels and the indicator bacteria. The results indicate that the determination of S. aureus and increased sampling frequency is recommended for overcrowded beaches.

Salmonella: relations with indicators in recreational waters affected by sewage discharges

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Efstratiou
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Discharges ◽  
The Eu

Densities of bacterial indicators of marine faecal pollution were compared, in coastal areas affected by sewage and river discharges, with Salmonella spp. t-tests comparing numbers of TC, FC and FS in samples positive and negative for Salmonella showed a good association between TC and FC (p significant at 0.006 and 0.034 respectively) and the pathogen. The levels of all three indicators in the guide standards of the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive predict absence of Salmonella. The Imperative standards of the directive do not. The conclusion is reached that if sewage works discharges into the watercourse effluent with low indicator counts the risk of Salmonella in the water will be minimal.

The influence of environmental factors on microbiological indicators of coastal water pollution

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Serrano ◽  
B. Moreno ◽  
M. Solaun ◽  
J. J. Aurrekoetxea ◽  
J. Ibarluzea
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Water ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
E Coli ◽  
San Sebastian ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

The relationships between bacteriological and viral indicators of sewage pollution (TC, FC, E coli, FS, Salmonella, somatic coliphages and F-RNA phages) and environmental variables in coastal water and weather were studied at three beaches in San Sebastian, the Basque Country. The microbiological indicators in bathing water presented high counts associated with the following conditions: early morning, overcast skies, low and high tides, groundswell, intense turbidity and the presence of flotsam (P = &lt;0.05). Coliphage density was significantly related (P = &lt;0.05) to cloud cover, groundswell and flotsam. Correlations between microbiological indicators proved high (0.62 ≤ r ≤ 0.90, P = &lt;0.001). The percentage of Salmonella presented significant (&lt;0.05), albeit low (r &lt; 0.4), correlations with all microbiological parameters. Somatic coliphages also revealed highly significant (0.32 ≤ r ≤ 0.66) correlations (P = &lt;0.001). Those obtained for F-RNA phages, in contrast, were low (r ≤ 0.33). The equations obtained using a multiple regression analysis with a view to predicting microbiological, viral, and Salmonella indicator density demonstrated that environmental variables facilitate the construction of highly significant equations, but that these have low predictive capability (R2 = &lt;0.50).

scholarly journals Evaluating health hazard of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Montse Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Abstract. Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) affect bathing water quality of receiving water bodies by bacterial contamination. The aim of this is study is to assess the health hazard of bathing waters affected by CSOs. This is useful for bathing water managers, for risk assessment purposes and for further impact and economical assessments. Contaminant hazard was evaluated based on two novel indicators proposed in this study: the mean duration of insufficient bathing water quality (1) over a period of time (i.e. several years) and (2) after single CSO/rain events. Particularly, a novel correlation between the duration of sea water contamination and the event rainfall volume was developed. Contaminant hazard was assessed through a state-of-the-art coupled urban drainage and sea water quality model that was developed, calibrated and validated based on local observations. Furthermore, hazard assessment was based on a novel statistical analysis of continuous simulations over a 9 year period using the coupled model. Finally, a validation of the estimated hazard is also shown. The health hazard was evaluated for the case study of Badalona (Spain) even though the methodology presented can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas and related receiving bathing water bodies.

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