Current status, problems and control strategies of water resources pollution in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Tong Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Major River ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

The surface water of 10 major river systems across China has been under intermediate pollution with striking eutrophication problems in major lakes (reservoirs). More data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China showed that underground water in 57% of monitoring sites across Chinese cities was polluted or extremely polluted. Rural water pollution, the rising number of incidents of industrial pollution, outdated sewerage systems, and the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also endanger the health of rural inhabitants in China. Nearly 0.2 billion rural residents could not use drinking water in accordance with the national standard, and there were reports of ‘cancer villages' and food-borne diseases (cancer village refers to a village where a certain proportion of its inhabitants suffer from the same kind of cancer or where there is a hike in cancer incidence in that area). This study aims to raise awareness of the prevention and control of water pollution and to propose a set of national research and policy initiatives for the future safety of the water environment in China.

Equine piroplasmosis: an insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (13) ◽  
pp. 1411-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽  
Moeti O. Taioe ◽  
Nthatisi I. Molefe ◽  
Abdullahi A. Biu ◽  
Joshua Luka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
And Control

AbstractEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of economic importance, relevant in the international movement of equids. The causative agents are at least two apicomplexan protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. To date, there is no study that estimates global and regional exposure of equids to EP. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity of EP using random-effects model. Six electronic databases were searched for publications on EP and assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 66 eligible studies published between 1990 and 2019 and representing 24 041 equids were included. The overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) of B. caballi was 22.3% (95% CI 21.7–22.8), while the overall PPE for T. equi was 29.4% (95% CI 28.7–30.0). The overall pooled prevalence due to co-infection with both parasites was 11.8% (95% CI 11.32–12.32). Also, subgroup analysis according to sex, age, diagnostic technique, equid species, region and publication years showed a substantial degree of heterogeneity across studies computed for both B. caballi and T. equi infections in equids. Awareness of the current status of EP globally will alert the relevant authorities and stakeholders where necessary on the need for better preventive and control strategies against the disease.

scholarly journals Presence and Persistence of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Spray-Irrigated Parsley

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4030-4036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Kisluk ◽  
Sima Yaron
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spray Irrigation ◽  
Fresh Foods ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericais one of the major food-borne pathogens associated with ready-to-eat fresh foods. Although polluted water might be a significant source of contamination in the field, factors that influence the transfer ofSalmonellafrom water to the crops are not well understood, especially under conditions of low pathogen levels in water. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term (1 h to 28 days) persistence ofSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium in the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere of parsley following spray irrigation with contaminated water. Plate counting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based methods were implemented for the quantification. By applying qRT-PCR with enrichment, we were able to show that even irrigation with water containing as little as ∼300 CFU/ml resulted in the persistence ofS. Typhimurium on the plants for 48 h. Irrigation with water containing 8.5 log CFU/ml resulted in persistence of the bacteria in the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere for at least 4 weeks, but the population steadily declined with a major reduction in bacterial counts, of ∼2 log CFU/g, during the first 2 days. Higher levels ofSalmonellawere detected in the phyllosphere when plants were irrigated during the night compared to irrigation during the morning and during winter compared to the other seasons. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the transfer ofSalmonellafrom contaminated water to crops, as well as its persistence over time, will enable the implementation of effective irrigation and control strategies.

Research on Water Pollution and Control Technology in Rural Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 839-842
Author(s):  
Feng Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
And Control

Rural waste, sewage large amounts of fertilizer pesticide as well as livestock pollution of water environment in rural areas. This article analyses the characteristics of rural water resource, pointing out the essence of rural water pollution ,which is a huge loss of excess fertilizer ,not to the rural water pollution, it is brought up the appropriate control technology .

Water Environment Quality Evaluation Based on FMEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Jing Han Xu ◽  
Yan Fang Diao ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Na Yao
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Correlation Function ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
And Control

The objective water environment quality evaluation is very important to prevent and control the water pollution and provide scientific basis for water management. This paper is a trial application of the fuzzy matter-element evaluation method (FMEM) as a water environment quality evaluation method. In this method, compound fuzzy matter elements are established first, followed by establishment of the correlation function and evaluation method. The feasibility of this method is verified by citing water environment quality evaluation of DaWen River as an example.

scholarly journals A Review on Model and Control of Electromagnetic Active Engine Mounts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Henghai Zhang ◽  
Wenku Shi ◽  
Jun Ke ◽  
Guoyu Feng ◽  
Junlong Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Experimental Modelling ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Active Engine ◽  
And Control

The isolation of the body from engine vibration is the most challenging and disruptive vibrational problem. Active engine mounts (AEMs), especially electromagnetic AEMs, achieve a significant performance improvement in decreasing the wide frequency band vibration. Increasing research interest is necessary to provide the academic community with a guideline for electromagnetic AEMs. Therefore, the current review aims to comprehensively supplement the review of AEMs. The key reviews of electromagnetic AEMs focus on (1) general considerations of electromagnetic AEMs, (2) models, and (3) control strategies. This paper presents a review of the current status and developmental progress of AEMs. A theoretical model, a finite-element model, and the identification (or experimental modelling) of electromagnetic AEMs during the last 2 decades are then studied. Finally, control strategies, such as classical control, adaptive control, and two degree of freedom (2DOF) control, are discussed and compared. The main purpose of this paper is to meet the needs of researchers and engineers engaged in electromagnetic AEM analysis and control.

Mine Water Pollution – An Overview of Problems and Control Strategies in the United Kingdom

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gordon Glover
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Coal Mining Industry ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
And Control

The management of water within the British coal mining industry and the means by which surplus waters are discharged to the environment without serious effect are described. The acquisition, use, treatment and re-use of water is discussed in detail with particular reference to the control of the volume and quality of surplus water generated.

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