Membrane Biofilm Reactor: Current Status and Control Strategies for Long-Term Stable Performance

2012 ◽  
pp. 635-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongchang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Membrane Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
And Control

Current status, problems and control strategies of water resources pollution in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Tong Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Major River ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

The surface water of 10 major river systems across China has been under intermediate pollution with striking eutrophication problems in major lakes (reservoirs). More data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China showed that underground water in 57% of monitoring sites across Chinese cities was polluted or extremely polluted. Rural water pollution, the rising number of incidents of industrial pollution, outdated sewerage systems, and the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also endanger the health of rural inhabitants in China. Nearly 0.2 billion rural residents could not use drinking water in accordance with the national standard, and there were reports of ‘cancer villages' and food-borne diseases (cancer village refers to a village where a certain proportion of its inhabitants suffer from the same kind of cancer or where there is a hike in cancer incidence in that area). This study aims to raise awareness of the prevention and control of water pollution and to propose a set of national research and policy initiatives for the future safety of the water environment in China.

Equine piroplasmosis: an insight into global exposure of equids from 1990 to 2019 by systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (13) ◽  
pp. 1411-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽  
Moeti O. Taioe ◽  
Nthatisi I. Molefe ◽  
Abdullahi A. Biu ◽  
Joshua Luka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
And Control

AbstractEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of economic importance, relevant in the international movement of equids. The causative agents are at least two apicomplexan protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. To date, there is no study that estimates global and regional exposure of equids to EP. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity of EP using random-effects model. Six electronic databases were searched for publications on EP and assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 66 eligible studies published between 1990 and 2019 and representing 24 041 equids were included. The overall pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) of B. caballi was 22.3% (95% CI 21.7–22.8), while the overall PPE for T. equi was 29.4% (95% CI 28.7–30.0). The overall pooled prevalence due to co-infection with both parasites was 11.8% (95% CI 11.32–12.32). Also, subgroup analysis according to sex, age, diagnostic technique, equid species, region and publication years showed a substantial degree of heterogeneity across studies computed for both B. caballi and T. equi infections in equids. Awareness of the current status of EP globally will alert the relevant authorities and stakeholders where necessary on the need for better preventive and control strategies against the disease.

Study on purification mechanism in soil penetration facility for effluents from urban area and control strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamada ◽  
D. Ujiie ◽  
K. Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Dissolved Matter ◽  
And Control

In this study, demonstration experiments for removal of pollutants from road surface runoff during storm events were carried out under natural conditions in an outdoor pilot-scale soil penetration facility. In general, soil retains suspended matter and removes dissolved matter by adsorption. However, issues such as reduced purification capacity resulting from clogging and recovery of purification capacity during periods of intermittent supply of the storm water affect the removal efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, this study aimed at clarifying purification mechanisms during storm events and understanding how the structural characteristics of the soil penetration facility affect purification capacity based on long-term continuous measurements. In addition, modeling the purification mechanism under changing characteristics of rainfall in the long-term was undertaken.

scholarly journals Temporal variations in COVID-19: an epidemiological discussion with a practical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110332
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Derakhshan ◽  
Hamid Reza Ansarian ◽  
Mory Ghomshei
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weekly Cycles ◽  
And Control

Objective We aimed to characterize the temporal variation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality as a possible tool to monitor and control the spread of this disease. Methods We analyzed cyclicity and synchronicity in cases of COVID-19 infection and time series of deaths using Fourier transform, its inverse method, and statistical treatments. Epidemiological indices (e.g., case fatality rate) were used to quantify the observations in the time series. The possible causes of short-term variations are reviewed. Results We observed that were both short-term and long-term variations in the COVID-19 time series. The short cycles were 7 days and synchronized among all countries. This periodicity is believed to be caused by weekly cycles in community social factors, combined with diagnostic and reporting cycles. This could also be related to virus–host–community dynamics. Conclusion The observed synchronized weekly cycles could serve as herd defense by providing a form of social distancing in time. The effect of such temporal distancing could be enhanced if combined with spatial distancing. Integrated spatiotemporal distancing is therefore recommended to optimize infection control strategies, taking into account the quiescent and active intervals of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Forecasting the long-term trend of COVID-19 epidemic using a dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Sun ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Shengzhang Lai ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been declared as a pandemic and spread over 200 countries and territories. Forecasting the long-term trend of the COVID-19 epidemic can help health authorities determine the transmission characteristics of the virus and take appropriate prevention and control strategies beforehand. This protocol introduced a new model named Dynamic-Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Quarantined (D-SEIQ), by making appropriate modifications of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered (SEIR) model and integrating machine learning based parameter optimization under epidemiological rational constraints. The model could be applied to forecast the long-term trend of the current COVID-19 epidemic. The parameters obtained by the model could help assess the effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies on epidemic control in different countries.

Biology, Ecology and Control of Soldier Flies Inopus Spp (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) - a Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
PG Allsopp ◽  
LN Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
And Control

The taxonomy and identification of the soldier flies, Inopus spp., their distribution, host plants, population biology and dynamics, and their chemical and cultural control are reviewed. Previous work has concentrated on I. rubriceps (Macquart), the most economically important species and a pest of sugar cane in Australia and pastures in New Zealand. Areas where further study is desirable include: the taxonomy and distribution of the genus; effects of host plants on development; processes involved in the inhibition of ratooning of sugar cane; detailed life-table studies on different host plants and different cultivars of sugar cane; damage and intervention thresholds and statistically based sampling plans for sugar cane; factors influencing pupation; the contribution of predation, parasitism and disease to mortality; control with insecticides other than organochlorines; the long-term need for insecticides; and control strategies other than insecticide treatments.

scholarly journals A Review on Model and Control of Electromagnetic Active Engine Mounts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Henghai Zhang ◽  
Wenku Shi ◽  
Jun Ke ◽  
Guoyu Feng ◽  
Junlong Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Experimental Modelling ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Active Engine ◽  
And Control

The isolation of the body from engine vibration is the most challenging and disruptive vibrational problem. Active engine mounts (AEMs), especially electromagnetic AEMs, achieve a significant performance improvement in decreasing the wide frequency band vibration. Increasing research interest is necessary to provide the academic community with a guideline for electromagnetic AEMs. Therefore, the current review aims to comprehensively supplement the review of AEMs. The key reviews of electromagnetic AEMs focus on (1) general considerations of electromagnetic AEMs, (2) models, and (3) control strategies. This paper presents a review of the current status and developmental progress of AEMs. A theoretical model, a finite-element model, and the identification (or experimental modelling) of electromagnetic AEMs during the last 2 decades are then studied. Finally, control strategies, such as classical control, adaptive control, and two degree of freedom (2DOF) control, are discussed and compared. The main purpose of this paper is to meet the needs of researchers and engineers engaged in electromagnetic AEM analysis and control.

Long-term care Legionella prevention and control strategies: Experiences of nursing homes in Florida and Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Sarah C Blake ◽  
Jonathan N Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Legionella Prevention ◽  
And Control

Background: Over the past several years, there have been more than 100 confirmed cases in US healthcare facilities of Legionnaires’ disease, a severe and potentially fatal pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium found in contaminated water systems. Older people and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to Legionella, putting long-term care patients at greater risk of infection. Past efforts to address this growing environmental health crisis have been limited to local surveillance programs for testing water systems in multi-family housing units. In June 2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) required Medicare-certified healthcare facilities to establish water management programs to reduce the risk of Legionella. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study (surveys, interviews) to examine the adoption and implementation of these guidelines as well as existing Legionella prevention and control strategies in nursing homes in Florida and Georgia. Results: Findings reveal that most nursing homes in these states do not test their water systems for Legionella because either they have never experienced an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease or do not have a large water system for testing. Conclusion: Nursing home administrators know of the new CMS Legionella testing requirements and are currently developing water management plans.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model of Treatment and Vaccination Interventions of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Infection Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kizito ◽  
Julius Tumwiine
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Globally Stable ◽  
Disease Free

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of serious morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in young children and the elderly. In this study, a model of the spread and control of bacterial pneumonia under public health interventions that involve treatment and vaccination is formulated. It is found out that the model exhibits the disease-free and endemic equilibria. The disease-free equilibrium is stable if and only if the basic reproduction number R0<1 and the disease will be wiped out of the population. For R0≥1, the endemic equilibrium is globally stable and the disease persists. We infer the effect of these interventions on the dynamics of the pneumonia through sensitivity analysis on the effective reproduction number Re, from which it is revealed that treatment and vaccination interventions combined can eradicate pneumonia infection. Numerical simulation to illustrate the analytical results and establish the long term behavior of the disease is done. The impact of pneumonia infection control strategies is investigated. It is revealed that, with treatment and vaccination interventions combined, pneumonia can be wiped out. However, with treatment intervention alone, pneumonia persists in the population.

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