scholarly journals Removal of arsenate by electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum ball anode electrodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Gören ◽  
M. S. Öncel ◽  
E. Demirbas ◽  
E. Şık ◽  
M. Kobya
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract The aim of this research was to remove arsenate (As(V)) from groundwater using an air-injected electrocoagulation (EC) reactor with aluminum (Al) ball anodes. The effects of seven operating variables – initial pH, applied current (i), operating time (tEC), initial As(V) concentration (Co), Al ball anode diameter (dp), reactor column height (h), and airflow rate (Qair) were investigated with a Box-Behnken statistical experimental design. ANOVA results from the quadratic model equations indicated that the model fitted very well with the experimental data for the responses, which were removal efficiency, operating cost (OC), As(V) adsorption capacity, and effluent concentration (R2 ≥ 0.87). The most effective parameters were applied current, operating time, and anode height for As(V) removal efficiency in the EC reactor, while initial pH, Al anode diameter, and air flow rate had limited effect on removal. The model predicted a residual As(V) concentration below 10 μg/L under the optimum operating conditions (pH 7.03, 0.29 A, 10.5 min, dp 7.5 mm, 613.4 μg/L, h 5.1 cm, and Qair 6.4 L/min). The maximum As(V) removal efficiency and minimum OC in the EC process were almost 99% and 0.442 $/m3, respectively.

scholarly journals Electrocoagulation for ammonium removal in Nam Son landfill leachate

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Son Le ◽  
Khải Cao Lê ◽  
Hà Thị Nguyễn ◽  
Linh Tuấn Đoàn ◽  
Anh Thị Đoàn
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Initial Ph

In this paper, an electrocoagulation reactor was set up to investigate the ammonium removal in Nam Son landfill leachate. The research focused on studying several factors that affect to the ammonium removal namely current intensity, operating time, initial pH and electrode materials. Mono-polar electrocoagulation reactor was conducted in a batch system with iron electrodes and 1.8 L leachate. The research indicated that current intensity and operating time are directly proportional with NH4+ treatment performance. When applied current increased from 1 to 4A, the NH4+ removal percentage went up from 14.03 to 24.99% after a 1 hour treatment. The effect of initial pH in range of 5 to 10 has showed that the best NH4+ treatment efficiency in neutral and mild alkaline conditions. It is noticeable that iron electrodes had higher NH4+ removal than aluminum one during nearly the first 40 min, however this trend has been reversed later with the advantage belonging to aluminum anode. The optimum operating conditions found are aluminum electrodes, applied current of 3A, electrolysis time of 60 min, raw pH of 8, resulting in NH4+ treatment performance of approximately 24%. As a result, the electrocoagulation method is not really effective in NH4+ removal and might be applied as a pre-treatment.

The treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Senturk
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Rinse Water ◽  
Electrode Connection

This paper investigates the treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process (ECP). The effects of operating parameters such as electrode material, current density (2.5–40 A/m2), operating time (0–60 min), initial pH (5–12) and electrode connection mode (monopolar parallel (MP-P), monopolar series and bipolar series) on the ECP were evaluated to find the optimum operating conditions. At 20 A/m2, 60 min, the highest removal efficiencies were obtained with 85 and 99% for Fe and 64 and 33% for Al electrodes, for cyanide and zinc, respectively. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 30 A/m2 and 40 min, for the Fe electrode at the original pH (9.5) of the rinse water. Considering efficiency and economy, the MP-P connection mode was determined as the optimum connection mode.

scholarly journals Removal of COD and BOD from biologically treated municipal wastewater by electrochemical treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
A. K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Removal

The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Fe-Fe electrode combination on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The maximum removal of COD (92.35%) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.82 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.), while the maximum removal of BOD (84.88%) was found with the ST (30 min.) at the same operating conditions. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 54.29 Rs./m3 / 1.08 US$/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (78.48 x 10-5 kg Al/m3 ) and energy consumption (108.48 Kwh/m3).

scholarly journals Optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thirugnanasambandham ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
Maran Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Pretreated Bagasse

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation process as a post-treatment to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent using iron electrodes. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were studied under different operating conditions such as amount of dilution, initial pH, applied current and electrolyte dose by using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with four-factor three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). The experimental results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with high correlation of efficiency (R2) for COD, TSS removal and electrical energy consumption (EEC). The individual and combined effect of variables on responses was studied using three dimensional response surface plots. Under the optimum operating conditions, such as amount of dilution at 30 %, initial pH of 6.5, applied current of 8 mA cm-2 and electrolyte dose of 740 mg l-1 shows the higher removal efficiency of COD (98 %) and TSS (93 %) with EEC of 2.40 Wh, which were confirmed by validation experiments.

scholarly journals Efficiency of aluminum and iron electrodes in removal of colour, turbidity and total suspended solid from biologically treated municipal wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 799-805
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
A.K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Electrode Combination ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

The present investigation was undertaken to observe the effect of different combinations of aluminium and iron (Al-Al, Al-Fe, Fe-Fe and Fe-Al) electrodes on the removal of colour, turbidity (TD) and total suspended solids (TSS) of biologically treated municipal wastewater ( BTMW) using applied potential (V), operating time (OT) and initial pH. The maximum removal of colour (98.7 %) and TSS (96.89 %) was found with the use of Al-Al combination with optimum operating conditions (Voltage: 40 V; OT: 40 mins.; IED: 1.0 cm; EA: 160 cm2; initial pH: 7.5 and ST: 30 mins). It was interesting to note that TD of BTMW was completely removed at these optimal operating conditions. The economic evaluation of electrode combinations was observed to be in the order of Fe-Al (1.17 US $/m3)> Al-Fe (1.11 US $/m3)> Fe-Fe (1.08 US $/m3) >Al-Al (1.01 US $/m3) in terms of energy and electrode consumption. Thus, the BTMW can be effectively treated with the Al-Al electrode combination in comparison to other electrode combinations (Al-Fe , Fe-Fe and Fe-Al).

scholarly journals Influence of operating conditions on the electrolytic treatment for the removal of color, TSS, hardness and alkalinity using Al-Al electrode combination

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
A. K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Electrode Combination ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Maximum Removal ◽  
Electrolytic Treatment

The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Al-Al electrode combination on the removal of color, total suspended solids (TSS), hardness (HR) and alkalinity (ALK) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), Jagjeetpur, Haridwar, India. The maximum removal of color (99.86%), TSS (98.7%), HR (78.9%) and ALK (43.69 %) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.65 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.). However, the maximum removal of ALK was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (1.68 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (1.0 cm), EA (80 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (90 min.) The electrolytic treatment ( ET) brought down the concentration of HR and ALK to the desirable limit of the BIS standards of drinking water. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 1.01 $/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (23.71x 10-5 kg Al/m3) and energy consumption (101.76 Kwh/m3). The study revealed that BTMW can be effectively treated with the Al-Al electrode combination for color, TSS, HR and ALK removal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of wet air oxidation variables for removal of organophosphorus pesticide malathion using Box-Behnken design

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melike Isgoren ◽  
Erhan Gengec ◽  
Sevil Veli
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Wet Air Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Optimum Reaction

This paper deals with finding optimum reaction conditions for wet air oxidation (WAO) of malathion aqueous solution, by Response Surface Methodology. Reaction conditions, which affect the removal efficiencies most during the non-catalytic WAO system, are: temperature (60–120 °C), applied pressure (20–40 bar), the pH value (3–7), and reaction time (0–120 min). Those were chosen as independent parameters of the model. The interactions between parameters were evaluated by Box-Behnken and the quadratic model fitted very well with the experimental data (29 runs). A higher value of R2 and adjusted R2 (>0.91) demonstrated that the model could explain the results successfully. As a result, optimum removal efficiency (97.8%) was obtained at pH 5, 20 bars of pressure, 116 °C, and 96 min. These results showed that Box–Behnken is a suitable design to optimize operating conditions and removal efficiency for non-catalytic WAO process. The EC20 value of raw wastewater was measured as 35.40% for malathion (20 mg/L). After the treatment, no toxicity was observed at the optimum reaction conditions. The results show that the WAO is an efficient treatment system for malathion degradation and has the ability of converting malathion to the non-toxic forms.

Effects of operational parameters on defluoridation efficiency using electrocoagulation process

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Behbahani ◽  
M.R. Alavi Moghaddam ◽  
M. Arami
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Electrode Connection

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of operational parameters on fluoride removal using electrocoagulation method. For this purpose, various operational parameters including initial pH, initial fluoride concentration, applied current, reaction time, electrode connection mode, anode material, electrolyte salt, electrolyte concentration, number of electrodes and interelectrode distance were investigated. The highest defluoridation efficiency achieved at initial pH 6. In the case of initial fluoride concentration, maximum removal efficiency (98.5%) obtained at concentration of 25mg/l. The increase of applied current and reaction time improved defluoridation efficiency up to 99%. The difference of fluoride removal efficiencies between monopolar and bipolar series and monopolar parallel were significant, especially at reaction time of 5 min. When aluminum used as anode material, higher removal efficiency (98.5%) achieved compared to that of iron anode (67.7%). The best electrolyte salt was NaCl with the maximum defluoridation efficiency of 98.5% compared to KNO3 and Na2SO4. The increase of NaCl had no effect on defluoridation efficiency. Number of electrodes had little effect on the amounts of Al3+ ions released in the solution and as a result defluoridation efficiency. Almost the same fluoride removal efficiency obtained for different interelectrode distances.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization for Production of Rice Husk Activated Carbon and Adsorption of Phenol

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Mohammad ◽  
E. M. Shaibu-Imodagbe ◽  
S. B. Igboro ◽  
A. Giwa ◽  
C. A. Okuofu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature

Modeling of adsorption process establishes mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization is important in determining the values of factors for which the response is at maximum. In this paper, response surface methodology was employed for the modeling and optimization of adsorption of phenol onto rice husk activated carbon. Among the action variables considered are activated carbon pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of phenol, while the response variables are removal efficiency and adsorption capacity. Regression analysis was used to analyze the models developed. The outcome of this research showed that 99.79% and 99.81% of the variations in removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, respectively, are attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, pretreatment temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial phenol concentration. Therefore, the models can be used to predict the interaction of the process variables. Optimization tests showed that the optimum operating conditions for the adsorption process occurred at initial solute concentration of 40.61 mg/L, pretreatment temperature of 441.46°C, adsorbent dosage 4 g, adsorption capacity of 0.9595 mg/g, and removal efficiency of 97.16%. These optimum operating conditions were experimentally validated.

scholarly journals Design and Optimization of a Process for Sugarcane Molasses Fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiaeUsing Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Sh. El-Gendy ◽  
Hekmat R. Madian ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Bioethanol Production

A statistical model was developed in this study to describe bioethanol production through a batch fermentation process of sugarcane molasses by locally isolatedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeY-39. Response surface methodology RSM based on central composite face centered design CCFD was employed to statistically evaluate and optimize the conditions for maximum bioethanol production and study the significance and interaction of incubation period, initial pH, incubation temperature, and molasses concentration on bioethanol yield. With the use of the developed quadratic model equation, a maximum ethanol production of 255 g/L was obtained in a batch fermentation process at optimum operating conditions of approximately 71 h, pH 5.6, 38°C, molasses concentration 18% wt.%, and 100 rpm.

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