scholarly journals Optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thirugnanasambandham ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
Maran Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Pretreated Bagasse

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation process as a post-treatment to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent using iron electrodes. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were studied under different operating conditions such as amount of dilution, initial pH, applied current and electrolyte dose by using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with four-factor three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). The experimental results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with high correlation of efficiency (R2) for COD, TSS removal and electrical energy consumption (EEC). The individual and combined effect of variables on responses was studied using three dimensional response surface plots. Under the optimum operating conditions, such as amount of dilution at 30 %, initial pH of 6.5, applied current of 8 mA cm-2 and electrolyte dose of 740 mg l-1 shows the higher removal efficiency of COD (98 %) and TSS (93 %) with EEC of 2.40 Wh, which were confirmed by validation experiments.

scholarly journals RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND DESIRABILITY FUNCTION AS STATISTICAL TOOLS IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS IN SURFACE WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 0152-0163
Author(s):  
Efraim Lázaro Reis ◽  
Maria Paulina Mendonza Combatt ◽  
Karina Esther Vasquez Sanjuan ◽  
Antônio Augusto Neves ◽  
Regina Célia Santos Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

The electrocoagulation for water clarification for purification have been studied as alternative to the processes of the water treatment. This study aimed to model and to optimize this process for types of water with different turbidity conditions; considering the current intensity, electrolysis time and initial pH on apparent color removal, chemical oxygen demand and surface water turbidity. Electrocoagulation tests were make aluminum electrodes. The optimal operating conditions and models based on the response surface methodology were obtained with central composite design. In order to comply with the esthetic / organoleptic standard stipulated for this stage of the process, the characterization of the three types of water studied must have color < 15 uH, COD < 18 mg L-1 O2 and turbidity < 5 NTU). The correlation between the analyzed answers allows finding specific conditions of the parameters, assisting in the determination of safe work points in the operation of clarification.

The treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Senturk
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Rinse Water ◽  
Electrode Connection

This paper investigates the treatment of zinc-cyanide electroplating rinse water using an electrocoagulation process (ECP). The effects of operating parameters such as electrode material, current density (2.5–40 A/m2), operating time (0–60 min), initial pH (5–12) and electrode connection mode (monopolar parallel (MP-P), monopolar series and bipolar series) on the ECP were evaluated to find the optimum operating conditions. At 20 A/m2, 60 min, the highest removal efficiencies were obtained with 85 and 99% for Fe and 64 and 33% for Al electrodes, for cyanide and zinc, respectively. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 30 A/m2 and 40 min, for the Fe electrode at the original pH (9.5) of the rinse water. Considering efficiency and economy, the MP-P connection mode was determined as the optimum connection mode.

scholarly journals Electrocoagulation for ammonium removal in Nam Son landfill leachate

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Son Le ◽  
Khải Cao Lê ◽  
Hà Thị Nguyễn ◽  
Linh Tuấn Đoàn ◽  
Anh Thị Đoàn
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Initial Ph

In this paper, an electrocoagulation reactor was set up to investigate the ammonium removal in Nam Son landfill leachate. The research focused on studying several factors that affect to the ammonium removal namely current intensity, operating time, initial pH and electrode materials. Mono-polar electrocoagulation reactor was conducted in a batch system with iron electrodes and 1.8 L leachate. The research indicated that current intensity and operating time are directly proportional with NH4+ treatment performance. When applied current increased from 1 to 4A, the NH4+ removal percentage went up from 14.03 to 24.99% after a 1 hour treatment. The effect of initial pH in range of 5 to 10 has showed that the best NH4+ treatment efficiency in neutral and mild alkaline conditions. It is noticeable that iron electrodes had higher NH4+ removal than aluminum one during nearly the first 40 min, however this trend has been reversed later with the advantage belonging to aluminum anode. The optimum operating conditions found are aluminum electrodes, applied current of 3A, electrolysis time of 60 min, raw pH of 8, resulting in NH4+ treatment performance of approximately 24%. As a result, the electrocoagulation method is not really effective in NH4+ removal and might be applied as a pre-treatment.

scholarly journals Optimization of electrocoagulation operating parameters for COD removal from olive mill wastewater: application of Box-Behnken design

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
Fatima Erraib ◽  
Khalid El Ass
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Olive Mill

Box–Behnken response surface design was successfully employed to optimize and study the olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment by electrocoagulation (EC) process. The influence of four decisive factors were modelled and optimized to increase the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The Box–Behnken design (BBD) results were analyzed and the second-order polynomial model was developed using multiple regression analysis. The model developed from the experimental design was predictive and a good fit with the experimental data with a high coefficient of determination (R2 ) value (more than 0.98). The optimal operating conditions based on Derringer’s desired function methodology are found to be; initial pH of 4.4, a current density of 27.6 mA/cm2 , electrolysis time of 14.1 min, and chloride concentration of 3.2 g/L. Under these conditions, the predicted COD removal efficiency was found to be 67.14% with a desirability value of 0.94. These experimental results were confirmed by validation experiments and proved that Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology could efficiently be applied for modelling of COD removal from OMW.

scholarly journals Removal of COD and BOD from biologically treated municipal wastewater by electrochemical treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
A. K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Removal

The present investigation observed the effect of current density (CD), operating time (OT), inter electrode distance (IED), electrode area (EA), initial pH and settling time (ST) using Fe-Fe electrode combination on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from biologically treated municipal wastewater (BTMW) of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The maximum removal of COD (92.35%) from BTMW was found with the optimum operating conditions of CD (2.82 A/m2), OT (40 mins.), IED (0.5 cm), EA (160 cm2), initial pH (7.5) and ST (60 min.), while the maximum removal of BOD (84.88%) was found with the ST (30 min.) at the same operating conditions. There was no need of pH adjustment of the BTMW during ET as the optimal removal efficiency was close to the pH of 7.5. Under optimal operating conditions, the operating cost was found to be 54.29 Rs./m3 / 1.08 US$/m3 in terms of the electrode consumption (78.48 x 10-5 kg Al/m3 ) and energy consumption (108.48 Kwh/m3).

scholarly journals Response Surface Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Molasses by Pichia veronae Strain HSC-22

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed I. Hamouda ◽  
Hussein N. Nassar ◽  
Hekmat R. Madian ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr ◽  
Nour Sh. El-Gendy
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Batch Fermenter ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Surface Optimization

Pichia veronae strain HSC-22 (accession number KP012558) showed a good tolerance to relatively high temperature, ethanol and sugar concentrations. Response surface optimization based on central composite design of experiments predicted the optimal values of the influencing parameters that affect the production of bioethanol from sugarcane molasses to be as follows: initial pH 5, 25% (w : v) initial molasses concentration, 35°C, 116 rpm, and 60 h. Under these optimum operating conditions the maximum bioethanol production on a batch fermenter scale was recorded as 32.32 g/L with 44% bioethanol yield.

scholarly journals Bagasse wastewater treatment using biopolymer: A novel approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thirugnanasambandham ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
Prakash Maran
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Agitation Time

In this present study, the removal of turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were investigated under different operating conditions such as agitation time (X1: 15-25 min), initial pH (X2:4-8), chitosan dose (X3:1.2-2 g L-1) and settling time (X4:40-80 min) to treat bagasse based paper and pulp industry wastewater via response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to examine the significance of the developed mathematical models. The 3-D response surface plots were derived from the mathematical models in order to study the interactive effects process variables on the treatment efficiency. Derringer?s desired function methodology were applied to determine the optimal conditions and it was found to be: agitation time of 20 min, initial pH of 6, chitosan dose of 1.8 gL-1 and settling time of 60 min. Under these conditions, the removal of turbidity, BOD and COD were found to be 84 %, 90 % and 93 % respectively.

scholarly journals Removal of arsenate by electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum ball anode electrodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Gören ◽  
M. S. Öncel ◽  
E. Demirbas ◽  
E. Şık ◽  
M. Kobya
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract The aim of this research was to remove arsenate (As(V)) from groundwater using an air-injected electrocoagulation (EC) reactor with aluminum (Al) ball anodes. The effects of seven operating variables – initial pH, applied current (i), operating time (tEC), initial As(V) concentration (Co), Al ball anode diameter (dp), reactor column height (h), and airflow rate (Qair) were investigated with a Box-Behnken statistical experimental design. ANOVA results from the quadratic model equations indicated that the model fitted very well with the experimental data for the responses, which were removal efficiency, operating cost (OC), As(V) adsorption capacity, and effluent concentration (R2 ≥ 0.87). The most effective parameters were applied current, operating time, and anode height for As(V) removal efficiency in the EC reactor, while initial pH, Al anode diameter, and air flow rate had limited effect on removal. The model predicted a residual As(V) concentration below 10 μg/L under the optimum operating conditions (pH 7.03, 0.29 A, 10.5 min, dp 7.5 mm, 613.4 μg/L, h 5.1 cm, and Qair 6.4 L/min). The maximum As(V) removal efficiency and minimum OC in the EC process were almost 99% and 0.442 $/m3, respectively.

scholarly journals Effective Chromium Adsorption From Aqueous Solutions and Tannery Wastewater Using Bimetallic Fe/Cu Nanoparticles: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110281
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Mahmoud ◽  
Nouran Y. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed K. Mostafa ◽  
Mohamed S. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Cr Removal

Tannery industrial effluent is one of the most difficult wastewater types since it contains a huge concentration of organic, oil, and chrome (Cr). This study successfully prepared and applied bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs) for chrome removal. In the beginning, the Fe/Cu NPs was equilibrated by pure aqueous chrome solution at different operating conditions (lab scale), then the nanomaterial was applied in semi full scale. The operating conditions indicated that Fe/Cu NPs was able to adsorb 68% and 33% of Cr for initial concentrations of 1 and 9 mg/L, respectively. The removal occurred at pH 3 using 0.6 g/L Fe/Cu dose, stirring rate 200 r/min, contact time 20 min, and constant temperature 20 ± 2ºC. Adsorption isotherm proved that the Khan model is the most appropriate model for Cr removal using Fe/Cu NPs with the minimum error sum of 0.199. According to khan, the maximum uptakes was 20.5 mg/g Cr. Kinetic results proved that Pseudo Second Order mechanism with the least possible error of 0.098 indicated that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) equation was developed with a significant p-value = 0 to label the relations between Cr removal and different experimental parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were performed with a structure of 5-4-1 and the achieved results indicated that the effect of the dose is the most dominated variable for Cr removal. Application of Fe/Cu NPs in real tannery wastewater showed its ability to degrade and disinfect organic and biological contaminants in addition to chrome adsorption. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cr, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oil reached 61.5%, 49.5%, 44.8%, 100%, 38.9%, 96.3%, 88.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.

Effects of operational parameters on defluoridation efficiency using electrocoagulation process

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Behbahani ◽  
M.R. Alavi Moghaddam ◽  
M. Arami
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Electrode Connection

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of operational parameters on fluoride removal using electrocoagulation method. For this purpose, various operational parameters including initial pH, initial fluoride concentration, applied current, reaction time, electrode connection mode, anode material, electrolyte salt, electrolyte concentration, number of electrodes and interelectrode distance were investigated. The highest defluoridation efficiency achieved at initial pH 6. In the case of initial fluoride concentration, maximum removal efficiency (98.5%) obtained at concentration of 25mg/l. The increase of applied current and reaction time improved defluoridation efficiency up to 99%. The difference of fluoride removal efficiencies between monopolar and bipolar series and monopolar parallel were significant, especially at reaction time of 5 min. When aluminum used as anode material, higher removal efficiency (98.5%) achieved compared to that of iron anode (67.7%). The best electrolyte salt was NaCl with the maximum defluoridation efficiency of 98.5% compared to KNO3 and Na2SO4. The increase of NaCl had no effect on defluoridation efficiency. Number of electrodes had little effect on the amounts of Al3+ ions released in the solution and as a result defluoridation efficiency. Almost the same fluoride removal efficiency obtained for different interelectrode distances.

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