Occurrence and Seasonal Variation of Tributyltin in Marinas on Lake Ontario, Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
R. James Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antifouling Agent ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Butyltin Compounds ◽  
Dissolved Phase ◽  
Total Concentrations

Abstract A survey of five marinas and one reference site on Lake Ontario, Canada, was conducted to investigate the occurrence and variation of tributyltin (TBT) levels in water between April and December of 1998. The survey results revealed the presence as well as seasonal trends of TBT in these marinas. The TBT concentrations in water were found to coincide with boating activity. The level of TBT generally rose in summer when the boating activity was high, and the highest level of TBT found was 14 ng Sn/L. On average, 92% of the TBT was in the operationally defined “dissolved phase” in the waters analyzed. The butyltin compounds were also found in surface sediment and paint chips from some non-aluminum hulled pleasure boats, with total concentrations of butyltin species (including dibutyltin and monobutyltin) ranging from 59 to 570 ng Sn/g dry weight, and from 0 to 146 μg Sn/g, respectively. The results clearly indicated that TBT in the marina waters primarily originated from antifouling paint on pleasure boats, even though the use of TBT as an antifouling agent was regulated in 1989.

scholarly journals Distribution and sources of n-alkanes in surface sediments of Taihu Lake, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Yu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Zhigang Guo ◽  
Hua Zou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The last study on n-alkanes in surface sediments of Taihu Lake was in 2000, only 13 surface sediment samples were analysed, in order to have a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of n-alkanes in the surface sediments of Taihu Lake, 41 surface sediment samples were analyzed by GC-MS. C10 to C37 were detected, the total concentrations of n-alkanes ranged from 2109 ng g−1 to 9096 ng g−1 (dry weight). There was strong odd carbon predominance in long chain n-alkanes and even carbon predominance in short chain n-alkanes. When this finding was combined with the analysis results of wax n-alkanes (WaxCn), carbon preference index (CPI), unresolved complex mixture (UCM), hopanes and steranes, it was considered that the long chain n-alkanes were mainly from terrigenous higher plants, and that the short chain n-alkanes mainly originated from bacteria and algae in the lake, compared with previous studies, there were no obvious anthropogenic petrogenic inputs. Terrestrial and aquatic hydrocarbons ratio (TAR) and C21−/C25+ indicated that terrigenous input was higher than aquatic sources and the nearshore n-alkanes were mainly from land-derived sources. Moreover, the distribution of short chain n-alkanes presented a relatively uniform pattern, while the long chain n-alkanes presented a trend that concentrations dropped from nearshore places to the middle of lake.

scholarly journals BUTYLTIN RESIDUES IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE EASTERN GULF OF THAILAND

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Nichaya Praditsup ◽  
Gullaya Wattayakorn
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Butyltin Compounds

Concentrations of monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) compounds were analyzed in surface sediment samples collected from twelve stations along the Eastern Gulf of Thailand. The total butyltin (∑BTs) concentrations ranged between <1 and 109.7 ng g (dry weight). The overall concentration ranges found in the sediments were from <1 to 79.81 ng g-1 for MBT, from <1 to 9.5 ng g -1 for DBT, and from <1 to 29.8 ng g-1 for TBT, on a dry weight basis. MBT generally prevailed in most of the samples, suggesting the occurrence of old inputs of butyltin compounds in the area. Butyltin compounds were also measured in Nassarius sp., where ∑BTs concentrations were found to range between <1 and 238 ng g-1 (wet weight). The level of butyltin compounds in gastropod tissue samples tended to be related to that of the sediments and percentage of imposex incidence.

Biomass of Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton from Length–Weight Regressions

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Culver ◽  
Mary M. Boucherle ◽  
David J. Bean ◽  
James W. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Males And Females

We present equations for calculating dry weight from body length for 14 common and widely distributed taxa of crustacean zooplankters; these were generated by regression from weights of individuals chosen from the range of lengths observed for each taxon, usually three replicate weights at each of five lengths. We include regressions for ovigerous and nonovigerous cladocerans, plus nauplii, early copepodites, and adult males and females for the copepods (30 length–weight relationships) and individual weights for given stages of copepods. We calculated the seasonal variation in crustacean biomass for a station in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, and for each of the three basins of Lake Erie. Biomass was dominated by Cladocera for both lakes, with Copepoda predominant in the spring. Mean individual dry weights varied seasonally for all taxa, confirming previous findings.

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping data

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Tomáš Tonka
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nested Anova ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Dung Decomposition

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping dataAn analysis of data on the dry weight biomass of coprophagous beetles in standardized dung (4.5 l) was conducted in order to characterize the spatial and the seasonal distribution of the beetles' biomass in cattle pastures and to elucidate their function in dung decomposition. Nested Anova with factors of farm, site (nested in farm), seasonal period and year was used to evaluate the effect of these factors on the biomass of four functional species groups: the dung dwellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyAphodiinae), the dung dwellers ofHydrophilidae, the small tunnellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyCoprinae) and the large tunnellers ofGeotrupidae. The spatial variation of biomass (between the sites and the farms) was insignificant (P>0.05) in the two dung-dweller groups and in the large-tunnellers group. On the other hand, a significant (P<0.05) seasonal variation of biomass was found in all but the large tunneller group. In dung dwellers, the spring biomass was formed mainly by two species,Aphodius prodromusandA. sphacelatus. In summer, most of the biomass was accounted for bySphaeridium lunatum, S. scarabaeoidesandA. rufipes. In the two tunneller groups,Onthophagus fracticornis, Geotrupes stercorariusandG. spinigerformed a majority of the biomass in dung.

Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.

scholarly journals Contamination of Heavy Metals, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Wharf Roach Ligia spp. In Japanese Intertidal and Supratidal Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Masato Honda ◽  
Xuchun Qiu ◽  
Suzanne Lydia Undap ◽  
Takeshi Kimura ◽  
Tsuguhide Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Environmental Indicator ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Total Concentrations

We investigated the pollution levels of 6 heavy metals and 29 dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)) in intertidal and supratidal zones by using wharf roaches (Ligia spp.) collected from 12 sampling sites on the coast of Northeast Japan from November 2011 to June 2012. The total concentrations of heavy metals ranged from 177 to 377 µg/g-dry weight (dw), and the predominant metals were copper, zinc, and aluminum. The order of the detected level of heavy metals was zinc > aluminum > copper > cadmium > lead > chromium, and this trend was similar to a previous report. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) value of the PCDD/Fs ranged from less than the limit of detection (<LOD) to 2.33 pg-TEQ/g-dw, and the predominant congener was octachlorodibenzodioxin (<LOD to 110 pg/g-dw). Compared with PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs were detected at a predominantly higher level (total TEQ value: 0.64–27.79 pg-TEQ/g-dw). Detected levels of dioxins, especially DL-PCBs in the wharf roach, were like those in the bivalves. These results indicate that the wharf roach could reflect heavy metals and dioxin pollution in the supratidal zones and is a suitable environmental indicator for these environmental pollutants. This is the first study to investigate heavy metals, PCDD/Fs, and DL-PCBs pollution in coastal isopods in Japan.

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Risks of Selected Emerging Pollutants in Drinking Water Source Areas in Henan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghai Wu ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Guanghua Lu ◽  
Kai Hu ◽  
Jingjing Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Triphenylphosphine Oxide ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Total Concentrations

The occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in aqueous environments has potential effects on ecological safety and human health. Three kinds of OMPs (namely, pharmaceuticals, ultraviolet (UV) filters and organophosphate esters (OPEs)) in four drinking water source areas in Henan Province of China were analyzed, and their potential risks were evaluated. Among 48 target chemicals, 37 pollutants with total concentrations ranging from 403.0 to 1751.6 ng/L were detected in water, and 13 contaminants with total concentrations from 326.0 to 1465.4 ng/g (dry weight) were observed in sediment. The aqueous pollution levels in Jiangang Reservoir and Shahe Water Source Area were higher than that in Nanwan Reservoir and Baiguishan Reservoir, while the highest total amount of pollutants in sediment was found in Baiguishan Reservoir. Compared with pharmaceuticals and UV filters, OPEs presented higher concentrations in all investigated drinking water source areas. The highest observed concentration was triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO, 865.2 ng/L) in water and tripentyl phosphate (TPeP, 1289.8 ng/g) in sediment. Moreover, the risk quotient (RQ) analysis implies that the determined aqueous contaminants exhibited high risks to algae and invertebrates, whereas moderate risk to fish was exhibited. The health risk assessment of aqueous OMPs by means of the hazard index (HI) indicates that the risks to adults and children were negligible. These observations are expected to provide useful information for the assessment of water quality in drinking water sources in Henan, China.

Response of Mysis relicta population dynamics and productivity to spatial and seasonal gradients in Lake Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora E. Johannsson
Keyword(s):  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Depth Relationship

Spatial and temporal patterns of production, density, reproductive status, and size composition of Mysis relicta in Lake Ontario were analyzed in relation to predation and physical conditions. Two whole-lake (May, November) surveys and one partial (August) survey were conducted in 1990. Spatial patterns were related to lake depth. Abundance increased with depth of sampling stations, particularly between 20 and 100 m. At station depths >100 m, the percentage of females carrying eggs and mean female size were constant, but the number of eggs per female increased with station depth. During the winter, the density–depth relationship weakened, apparently through the action of storms and currents, but strengthened again during the summer. Mysids >9 mm in length tended to move to deeper water during the summer. The distributions of predatory fish (alewife, smelt, and sculpin) suggest that depth-related patterns in the mysid population may be due to differences in predation rates with depth and season as well as to horizontal movement. Whole-lake production was estimated to be between 412.91 and 506.82 × 108 g dry weight: most production occurred between 100 and 200 m depth. Growth rate was similar in all regions of the lake.

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