Assimilable organic carbon formation from algogenic organic matter and its variation by chlorination

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kim ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
S. Xu ◽  
M. Akiba ◽  
M. Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter ◽  
Death Phase

The objective of this study is to assess the importance of algae and algogenic organic substances concerned with the formation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) during algal growth and chlorination process. Laboratory tests were carried out using cultures of algal species (Phormidium tenue) with different culture medium, M-11 and CT. Extracellular organic matter (EOM) produced during the stationary phase and death phase of P. tenue (106 cells/mL) with M-11 culture medium led to significant increase of the AOC concentration, up to 100 times as high as its initial concentration. In case of CT culture medium containing a high DOC component, the AOC concentration did not increase significantly during P. tenue culture. The formation and removal of AOC derived from EOM and intercellular organic matter (IOM) by chlorination were also examined. The AOC concentration after chlorination of EOM and IOM became maximum with 2 mg/L of chlorine dosage while it decreased with increase of chlorine dosage when the dosage was higher than 2 mg/L, suggesting that necessary chlorine dosage to not form AOC is higher than 2 mg/L.

scholarly journals Effects of ozonation and temperature on the biodegradation of natural organic matter in biological granular activated carbon filters

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. J. van der Aa ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Theoretical Maximum ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon

Abstract. Four pilot (biological) granular activated carbon ((B)GAC) filters were operated to quantify the effects of ozonation and water temperature on the biodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM) in (B)GAC filters. The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide were taken as indicators for NOM biodegradation. Ozonation stimulated DOC and AOC removal in the BGAC filters, but had no significant effect on oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production. The temperature had no significant effect on DOC and AOC removal, while it had a positive effect on oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Multivariate linear regression was used to quantify these relationships. In summer, the ratio between oxygen consumption and DOC removal was approximately 2 times the theoretical maximum of 2.6 g O2 g C−1 and the ratio between carbon dioxide production and DOC removal was approximately 1.5 times the theoretical maximum of 3.7 g CO2 g C−1. The production and loss of biomass, the degassing of (B)GAC filters, the decrease in the NOM reduction degree and the temperature effects on NOM adsorption could only partly explain these excesses and the non-correlation between DOC and AOC removal and oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. It was demonstrated that bioregeneration of NOM could explain the excesses and the non-correlation. Therefore, it was likely that bioregeneration of NOM did occur in the (B)GAC pilot filters.

scholarly journals Formation of Assimilable Organic Carbon from Algogenic Organic Matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hoon Kim ◽  
Soon-Hyung Chung ◽  
Jing-Yeon Lee ◽  
In-Hwan Kim ◽  
Tae-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon

scholarly journals Removal of Bacteria and Organic Carbon by an Integrated Ultrafiltration—Nanofiltration Desalination Pilot Plant

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Zahid Ur Rehman ◽  
Bayan Khojah ◽  
TorOve Leiknes ◽  
Safiya Alsogair ◽  
Mona Alsomali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Downstream Processes

Fouling caused by organic matter and bacteria remains a significant challenge for the membrane-based desalination industry. Fouling decreases the permeate quality and membrane performance and also increases energy demands. Here, we quantified the amount of organic matter and bacteria at several stages along the water-treatment train of an integrated ultrafiltration–nanofiltration seawater treatment pilot plant. We quantified the organic matter, in terms of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC), and evaluated its composition using Liquid Chromatography for Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD). The bacterial cells were counted using Bactiquant. We found that ultrafiltration (UF) was effective at removing bacterial cells (99.7%) but not TOC. By contrast, nanofiltration (NF) successfully removed both TOC (95%) and bacterial cells. However, the NF permeate showed higher amounts of AOC than seawater. LC-OCD analysis suggested that the AOC was mostly composed of low molecular weight neutral substances. Furthermore, we found that the cleaning of the UF membrane using chemically enhanced backwash reduced the amount of AOC released into the UF permeate. By implementing the cleaning-in-place of the NF membrane, the pressure drop was restored to the normal level. Our results show that the UF and NF membrane cleaning regimes investigated in this study improved membrane performance. However, AOC remained the hardest-to-treat fraction of organic carbon. AOC should, therefore, be monitored closely and regularly to mitigate biofouling in downstream processes.

Effect of O3 and O3/H2O2 on algae harvesting using chitosan

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pranowo ◽  
D. J. Lee ◽  
J. C. Liu ◽  
J. S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter

We examined the effects of pre-oxidation using ozone (O3) and a combination of O3 and hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) on algae suspensions and their harvesting. Inactivation of algae cells, release of intracellular organic matter (IOM), mineralization of extracellular organic matter (EOM), and changes in molecular weight distribution of EOM were found after pre-oxidation. Enhanced separation efficiency of turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), protein, and polysaccharide using chitosan and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was found after pre-oxidation, especially when algae cells were subject to O3/H2O2. Chitosan showed higher efficiency than PACl. Judging from the remarkable increase in floc size, it was proposed that released IOM formed complexes with cationic chitosan and resulted in enhanced dual flocculation and facilitated algae separation.

scholarly journals Organic matter removal in bio-filters to achieve biologically stable water downstream of the process

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ortiz Mingo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

Abstract Organic removal contaminants reclamation has increased over the past years as it has many advantages over other treatments. Product water from water treatment plants can be chemically complex resulting in physical and biological changes during transportation in the distribution systems. The general aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofilters for reducing the concentration of organic matter in order to produce biologically stable water, avoiding biofouling formation downstream of the process units. Enhanced coagulation and media filters of expanded clay, sand, and biological activated carbon (BAC) have been assessed. PH and coagulant dose have been optimized to achieve maximum turbidity and organic removal. Filtration stages along the operation have been monitored, measuring parameters such DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon), UVabs (ultraviolet absorbance), BDOC (Biodegradable Organic Carbon) and AOC (Assimilable Organic Carbon). Once the biological stage was achieved and the organic removal was constant and steady along the process units, the BDOC analysis showed evidence of the outcomes of each filtration system, with BAC filters in conjunction with enhanced coagulation giving outstanding performance.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Formation of Chlorination Disinfection By-Products in Extracellular Organic Matter of Various Algal Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jong Son ◽  
Hong-Ki Park ◽  
Young-Do Hwang ◽  
Jong-Moon Jung ◽  
Sang-Goo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Extracellular Organic Matter ◽  
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