Water efficiency and economic assessment of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in buildings with one- to three-floor elevations

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2422-2434
Author(s):  
Sara Corvaro
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Abstract The focus of the paper is the evaluation of the performance of domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) systems in multi-family buildings with one- to three-floor elevations by means of a cost–benefit analysis. The rainwater is here used for both indoor and outdoor non-potable water consumption. The study was carried out with reference to different residential building typologies (flat and condominium) in a specific local climate condition (Ancona). The buildings are characterized by different rooftop areas (100–400 m2), building floor elevations (one to three floors) and inhabitant numbers (3–54 persons). Moreover, in order to highlight the role of the tank capacity on the performance of DRWH, its capacity was changed in the range 50–200%. The combinations of all these parameters led to 276 test cases. The technical performance is evaluated by means of the water saving and retention efficiencies. The economical assessment is provided by comparing the costs and the savings due to the replacement of the water supplied with the rainwater. It is found that the payback periods changed in the range 10–35 years for the site-specific variables such as local rainfall and water service tariff. Cost–benefit analysis can help the design of DRWH systems, with particular attention to the sizing of the tank.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

Rationalisation of non-sterile latex disposable gloves in clinical settings – a brief study using the purchase of expertise consultancy model

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Duncanson V
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Care ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Clinical Nurse Specialist ◽  
Small Study ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Clinical Nurse

T his article describes a small study aimed at making a purchasing recommendation to the purchasing manager, providing a cost-benefit analysis of the most commonly used brands of non-sterile latex examination gloves. One of the nine makes of glove tested remained consistent with the agreed criteria for assessment and, if introduced as the only option available, would result in a saving of $15,150 per annum on Site A of a recently merged secondary care Trust. Also, the importance of the consultancy role of the clinical nurse specialist in improving practice was demonstrated.

Public Sector Support for Sport Tourism Events: The Role of Cost-benefit Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Mules ◽  
Larry Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Benefit Analysis

The Role of the Discount Rate in Cost–Benefit Analysis Between Theory and Practice: A Comparative Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Felice Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Institutional Practice ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Regulatory Decisions

This study focuses on the role of the discount rate in cost–benefit analysis (CBA) of regulation, providing a systematic investigation into regulatory practice vis–à–vis the existing economic theories. In the first part, a quick survey of the main economic literature on the social discount rate (SDR) is presented. In the second part, the current institutional practice is investigated, firstly comparing the recommendations on discounting issued by institutional actors in the US (Office of Management Budget, Environmental Protection Agency) and the EU (Commission), and secondly examining the SDRs adopted in two samples of CBAs selected among Regulatory Impact Analyses of US EPA and Impact Assessments of EU Directorate–General for the Environment. A gap exists between economic theory and institutional practice in the selection of the SDR. Regulatory decisions which are based on CBA reflect the most workable economic literature on discounting rather than the most theoretically consistent one, thus yielding less reliable and less robust results. Scholars who aim at improving the quality of rule–making and at fostering the application of CBA in regulatory decisions should improve the “operational validity” of their research, thus providing practitioners with methods that are both consistent and workable.

The role of cost - benefit analysis in planning agricultural R & D programmes

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis

scholarly journals Proposal of Economic Assessment of Hard Coal Mines Operation Conducted in Polish Conditions with the Use of Cost Benefit Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-892
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Marzena Majer ◽  
Joanna Krzemień
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

Abstract The paper presents possibilities of an economic evaluation of hard coal mines, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA). Suggested methodology for CBA applied to the economic evaluation of a mine allows to conduct a complex evaluation of mine’s functionality in connection to Polish conditions. Additionally to financial aspects, significant from the point of view of the mine’s owner, the paper includes social and environmental effects as a result of mining activities. Proposed methodology has undergone tests which used averaged data obtained from two selected hard coal mines located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Presented results confirm the validity of social costs and benefits, and environmental losses resulting from mining operation, which were included in analysis comprehensively evaluating the efficiency of hard coal mines.

Cost–benefit analysis for urban rainwater harvesting in Beijing

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo Jianbing ◽  
Liu Changming ◽  
Zheng Hongxing
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis

scholarly journals The Expiration of the Ethanol Tax Credit: An Analysis of Costs and Benefits

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Diggs
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Future Outcomes

The Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit expired on December 31, 2011. This cost benefit analysis concludes that without the tax credit, the net benefits will be $168.1 billion in net present value from 2012 to 2022. The total costs will be $116.8 billion, primarily imposed upon ethanol producers and farmers. The benefits, realized through improved environmental conditions and stabilized food prices, will save society a total of $284.9 billion. Alternative considerations beyond the scope of this assessment are presented, such as the role of innovation and foreign alternative fuel imports. These considerations will play a significant role in future outcomes from the expiration of the tax credit.

scholarly journals Valuing alternative bundles of landscape attributes: cost-benefit analysis for the selection of optimal landscapes

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (72) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Lima Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Landscape Value ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Landscape Valuation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Landscape Attributes

The role of landscape valuation and extended cost-benefit analysis inlandscape conservation decision-making is first addressed. It is stressed that substantial research on how to value alternative conservation schemes is required, in order to cope with emerging policy needs. An analytical frame for the valuation of alternative landscape conservation schemes is then discussed. This frame enablesthe analyst to sequentially disaggregate values for whole landscape changes over attributes. This is an essential operation if the optimal bundle of landscape attributes is to be selected by cost-benefit analysis. The concept of substitution between landscape attributes plays an essential role within the whole analytical frame. The circumstances that lead to anticipate substitution between landscape attributes are explored. A brief review of the alternative empirical strategies for landscape valuation is then carried out, to check whether they permit sequential desegregation of landscape value over attributes. Next, an empirical application to the valuation of landscape attribute changes in the Pennine Dales Environmentally Sensitive Area is presented. The empirical results confirm the idea of the prevalence of substitution in valuation in most practical contexts. To illustrate the potential of the proposed approach, a sequential cost-benefit analysis of attribute changes along consistent paths of aggregation is then carried out – which eventually leads to the selection of optimal bundles of landscape attributes. Some problems and limitations of the approach are also discussed. Among them, the question of non-uniqueness, or path dependency of the optimum is given particular consideration.

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