The Performance of an Ultrafiltration Pilot-Plant for the Closed Loop Recycling of Textile Desizing Effluents

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Buckley ◽  
R B Townsend ◽  
G R Groves
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Feed Temperature

The results of sixteen months operation of an Ultrafiltration pilot-plant for the closed loop treatment and recycle of textile desizing effluent containing polyvinyl alcohol are described. The operation in the batch concentration and continuous modes are compared. Data on the effects of feed temperature, reject flowrate, size concentration and membrane cleaning on the permeate production rate are presented. The environmental impact and economics of a full-scale plant are discussed.

Thermal Modeling of Biological Mustard Hydrolysate Treatment Reactors and Full-Scale Simulated Testing at the Pueblo Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (6) ◽  
pp. 5907-5927
Author(s):  
Paul J Usinowicz ◽  
George Lecakes ◽  
Thomas C Spear ◽  
Zack Burger ◽  
Charles Oclassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Chemical Agent

Analysing organic micropollutant accumulation in closed loop FO–RO systems: A pilot plant study

2021 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 119182
Author(s):  
Arnout D’Haese ◽  
Juan Carlos Ortega Bravo ◽  
Danny Harmsen ◽  
Lynn Vanhaecke ◽  
Arne R.D. Verliefde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

Upgrading of waterworks with a new biooxidation process for removal of manganese and iron

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hedberg ◽  
T. A. Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Treatment Water

The paper describes how waterworks can be upgraded by the use of microbiologically unit operations to make it possible to remove manganese from groundwater and surface water. Pilot plant studies and full-scale plant studies show that conventional oxidants as permanganate may be replaced by biooxidation thus reducing the use of chemicals in water treatment. Water containing high amounts of Fe and/or Mn and organic matter may be difficult to treat and pilot plant studies are therefore recommended. This study shows that one ground waterworks and one surface waterworks succed in removing manganese where previous treatment with permangante had failed.

Elimination of viruses, bacteria and protozoan oocysts by slow sand filtration

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A.M. Hijnen ◽  
J.F. Schijven ◽  
P. Bonné ◽  
A. Visser ◽  
G.J. Medema
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Bacteria Removal

The decimal elimination capacity (DEC) of slow sand filters (SSF) for viruses, bacteria and oocysts of Cryptosporidium has been assessed from full-scale data and pilot plant and laboratory experiments. DEC for viruses calculated from experimental data with MS2-bacteriophages in the pilot plant filters was 1.5-2 log10. E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) were removed at full-scale and in the pilot plant with 2-3 log10. At full-scale, Campylobacter bacteria removal was 1 log10 more than removal of Coli44, which indicated that Coli44 was a conservative surrogate for these pathogenic bacteria. Laboratory experiments with sand columns showed 2-3 and >5-6 log10 removal of spiked spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC; C. perfringens) and oocysts of Cryptosporidium respectively. Consequently, SSRC was not a good surrogate to quantify oocyst removal by SSF. Removal of indigenous SSRC by full-scale filters was less efficient than observed in the laboratory columns, probably due to continuous loading of these filter beds with spores, accumulation and retarded transport. It remains to be investigated if this also applies to oocyst removal by SSF. The results additionally showed that the schmutzdecke and accumulation of (in)organic charged compounds in the sand increased the elimination of microorganisms. Removal of the schmutzdecke reduced DEC for bacteria by ±2 log10, but did not affect removal of phages. This clearly indicated that, besides biological activity, both straining and adsorption were important removal mechanisms in the filter bed for microorganisms larger than viruses.

scholarly journals Closed-loop biomass co-firing in a laboratory reactor and in a full-scale boiler.

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Jenkins ◽  
Robert B. Williams ◽  
Scott Q. Turn ◽  
Lee A. Jakeway ◽  
Linda Gail Blevins
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Laboratory Reactor

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of system performance in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor combined with the ozonation process

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-698
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yihui Wu ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Guangxue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Ozonation Process

Abstract The system performance, economic cost and environmental impact of a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic/membrane bioreactor (3AMBR) combined with the ozonation process were evaluated. The 3AMBR/ozonation process removed biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, NH4-N and total phosphorus efficiently, with removal percentages above 94%, while the total nitrogen removal percentage was only 70%. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant effect on nitrogen removal. A low HRT benefited nitrogen removal. Ferrous sulfate dosage close to the optimal value and a high mixed liquid suspended solid could enhance the phosphorus removal. The electricity cost accounted for 88% of the total economic costs. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the BOD oxidation and endogenous decay accounted for more than 50% of total emissions. The second largest GHG emission source was electricity consumption, accounting for 41%. The key to reduce the eutrophication was to enhance nitrogen removal. The composite cost of the 3AMBR/ozonation process was 251 CNY/t CODeq removed, among which economic cost accounted for 82.5%, while environmental impact cost accounted for a small proportion.

scholarly journals Resource Utilization Efficiencies in a Closed System with Artificial Lighting during Continuous Lettuce Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Ohyama ◽  
Junichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Ayumi Enjoji
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Consumption Rates

New plant production systems with a low environmental impact (or a high resource utilization efficiency) are necessary for urban agriculture development. This study explores the benefits of closed plant production systems (CPPSs) with artificial lighting using a commercial CPPS at Osaka Prefecture University. Lettuce plants were produced continuously as a model for analyzing resource consumption rates, such as electricity, labor, water, and CO2, over two years. Monthly consumption rates of electricity, labor, water, and CO2 increased with the increase in the monthly production rate of the lettuce. The utilization efficiencies (=output/input) of electricity, energy, water, and CO2 were 1.0%, 1.0%, 4.0%, and 32.6%, respectively. If the commercial CPPS maintains the monthly production rate at a higher level, the energy utilization efficiency will increase. The number of air exchanges in a commercial CPPS should decrease to increase water and CO2 utilization efficiencies. Reusing water drained from the air conditioning system and employing a closed loop in the nutrient supply system also contribute to increasing the water utilization efficiency and lowering the environmental impact. Although a commercial CPPS still requires further improvements, it may be a good crop production system for urban agriculture provided resource utilization efficiencies improve.

Selection of Transportation Channels in Closed-Loop Supply Chain Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 726-749
Author(s):  
Sonu Rajak ◽  
P. Parthiban ◽  
R. Dhanalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Network Design Problem ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Milp Model ◽  
Optimum Cost

This article presents a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network design problem consisting of both forward and reverse material flows. Here, a four-echelon single-product system is introduced in which multiple transportation channels are considered between the nodes of each echelon. Each design is analyzed for the optimum cost, time and environmental impact which form objective functions. The problem is modeled as a tri-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The cost objective aggregates the opening cost (fixed cost) and the variable costs in both forward and reverses material flow. The time objective considers the longest transportation time from plants to customers and reverse. Factors of environmental impact are categorized and weighed using an analytic network process (ANP) which forms the environmental objective function. A genetic algorithm (GA) has been applied as a solution methodology to solve the MILP model. Ultimately, a case problem is also used to illustrate the model developed and concluding remarks are made regarding the results.

Cost optimisation and minimisation of the environmental impact through life cycle analysis of the waste water treatment plant of Bree (Belgium)

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. De Gussem ◽  
T. Wambecq ◽  
J. Roels ◽  
A. Fenu ◽  
G. De Gueldre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Recirculation Flow

An ASM2da model of the full-scale waste water plant of Bree (Belgium) has been made. It showed very good correlation with reference operational data. This basic model has been extended to include an accurate calculation of environmental footprint and operational costs (energy consumption, dosing of chemicals and sludge treatment). Two optimisation strategies were compared: lowest cost meeting the effluent consent versus lowest environmental footprint. Six optimisation scenarios have been studied, namely (i) implementation of an online control system based on ammonium and nitrate sensors, (ii) implementation of a control on MLSS concentration, (iii) evaluation of internal recirculation flow, (iv) oxygen set point, (v) installation of mixing in the aeration tank, and (vi) evaluation of nitrate setpoint for post denitrification. Both an environmental impact or Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based approach for optimisation are able to significantly lower the cost and environmental footprint. However, the LCA approach has some advantages over cost minimisation of an existing full-scale plant. LCA tends to chose control settings that are more logic: it results in a safer operation of the plant with less risks regarding the consents. It results in a better effluent at a slightly increased cost.

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