THE ROLE OF GIS IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND TOURISTIC CHALLENGES IN MOHAMMEDIA CITY, MOROCCO

During the last years, Morocco’s Environmental, Social and Touristic perspectives has improved significantly, but it remains one of the biggest challenges for Mohammedia city. The purpose of this study is to locate an optimal site for the construction of a new Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) in order to help the environment, to select an appropriate site for the construction of a new School that will benefit the social needs of the city and to create a suitable tour plan of touristic sites for tourism. It was carried out by using Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, Digital cameras and Multi- criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA).Throughout the process, the used data for both WWTP and School selection include the remote sensing data of multi spectral satellite imageries and the digital elevation model combined with vector data of land use (LU) layers, and for Tour creation the used data include collected photographs and GPS data from the site. According to MCDA, the results presents an optimal site with an area of 48283,02 m2 for a new WWTP, a suitable area with an area of 3200 m² for a new School and a city tour for tourists with a distance of 27 km.

An opportunity for using constructed wetland technology in hospital wastewater treatment: a preliminary study

The problem faced by many hospitals in Indonesia is the low efficiency of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) hospitals. If it does not get the attention, it will have an impact on health and environmental pollution. Various technologies have been used but experienced many obstacles. Constructed wetlands based on aquatic plants that have been used in developed countries are very prospects of being developed in regions such as Indonesia with a tropical climate. A preliminary study is needed with the first step to investigate the quality of hospital wastewater in Palu City, Indonesia, as a sample. This study aims to obtain a description of hospital wastewater characteristics and to evaluate the performance of the hospital WWTP in Palu. Data collection was done by taking data indirectly through laboratory test results during 2015-2019. Tabulating data using Excel software to illustrate statistics, then presented in the form of bar charts, interpreting according to the quality standards. Investigation results showed that the characteristics of hospital inlet wastewater in Palu are parameter values varying with four high concentration parameters: total coliform, TSS, Ammonia Nitrogen, and COD. The efficiency level of WWTP hospitals in Palu is relatively low in removing pollutants.

THE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP) IN INDONESIA: CASE STUDI COMMUNAL WWTP IN SLEMAN REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Wastewater contains pollutants that can disturb the balance of the ecosystem in the form of health problems, water quality degradation and others. According to Said, (2008) the problem experienced in almost all cities in Indonesia is wastewater pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of conditions and performance values, factors that influence the conditions and performance of Communal WWTPs in Sleman Regency Yogyakarta. The method used in this study is an interview with the help of guidelines to respondents who have been determined. The location of the sample collection was determined by the stratified random sampling method based on the District and Village for the decision of data collection at 30 Communal WWTPs of Sleman Regency. The results of the interview are processed by the Likert scoring method and then drawn with the Radar Chart. The factors that influence the conditions and performance of Communal WWTPs are then obtained from the ranking of the criteria for the conditions and performance of Communal WWTPs that have been calculated. The results showed that overall Communal WWTPs in Sleman Regency had conditions and performance with a value of 2.98 which was included in the interval of value 3 with a fairly good category. This value consists of the value of the technical aspect of 3.52 with a very good category, the value of the environmental aspect of 2.94 with a fairly good category, and the value of the socio-economic aspect of 2.48 with a rather poor category. Factors that influence the condition and performance of Communal WWTPs in Sleman Regency whose value is still less than expected are the maintenance of facilities with a value of 2.27, the load of wastewater with a value of 2.43, the institutional value of 2.47, and the management performance monitoring program with a value of 2.50 which falls into the rather poor value category.

Control of activated sludge treatment process using pre-compensated multi-variable quantitative feedback theory-based controller

This paper deals with the design of a pre-compensated multi-variable quantitative feedback theory (QFT)-based fully populated matrix controller for an activated sludge treatment process (ASTP) of a waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The regulation of the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand ([Formula: see text]) and ammonium-ion ([Formula: see text]) is the control objective. The plant dynamics are obtained using physical laws available in the literature. The parametric uncertainty is quantified from the measurement data obtained from a real ASTP of an oil refinery. The model is duly cross-validated. A novel technique is proposed to design a pre-compensator that will enhance the diagonal dominance of the plant transfer function matrix. A diagonal controller and a pre-filter, are then designed using a sequential multi-input multi-output (MIMO) QFT-based methodology to meet a set of performance specifications such as relative stability, disturbance rejection, robust tracking and so forth. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. A comparative analysis with reported works shows that the proposed control scheme outperforms some of the reported control strategies.

Assessing the impact of nutrient loads on eutrophication in the semi-enclosed Izmir Bay combining observations and coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem modelling

Intense human activities may strongly affect coastal environments threatening natural, societal and economic resources. In order to propose adequate measures to preserve coastal marine areas, a thorough understanding of their physical and biogeochemical features is required. This study focuses on one such coastal area, Izmir Bay located in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Izmir Bay is a highly populated area subject to many human induced stressors such as pollution and eutrophication, that has been suffering high nutrient loads for decades. Despite the construction of the Çiğli waste water treatment plant in 2000-2001 to reduce eutrophication, such pressures continue to occur. To study the current physical and biogeochemical dynamics of Izmir Bay and their spatial and temporal variability, a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model (Delft3D modelling suite’s FLOW and ECO modules) is implemented. Using the model, the effect of excessive inorganic nutrient loading on the marine ecosystem as the main cause of this eutrophication is explored in an effort to advise on mitigation efforts for the Bay focusing on eliminating eutrophication. Results of different model scenarios show that the Inner and Middle Bay are nitrogen-limited while the Outer Bay is phosphorus-limited. Inner regions are more sensitive to variations in inorganic nitrogen input due to the low (<16) N/P ratio of nutrients in seawater. An increase in inorganic nitrogen triggers eutrophication events with primary production as an immediate response. Conversely, the Outer Bay ecosystem with N/P ratios above 16 is more sensitive to phosphate inputs, of which an increase causes a considerable enhancement in algal production. This study shows the vulnerability of Izmir Bay to anthropogenic nutrient input and model simulations indicate that management plans should consider reducing DIN discharges both in the inner-middle zones of Izmir Bay as well as inputs from the Gediz River. Additionally, phosphate inputs should be reduced to avoid an overall increase of algal production in the Outer Bay, the larger part of Izmir Bay.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK DENGAN KOMBINASI UNIT BIOFILTER AEROBIK DAN ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF KANTOR PUSAT PT.PERTAMINA MARKETING OPERATION REGION (MOR) V SURABAYA

Permasalahan air limbah di Indonesia merupakan isu pencemaran lingkungan yang strategis dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan, baik yang bersumber dari pemukiman penduduk maupun unit usaha perkantoran. Tingginya kandungan organik terlarut di dalam air limbah dapat menyebabkan penurunan intesitas masuknya cahaya matahari yang dibutuhkan oleh mikroorganisme fotosintetik dan berdampak pada penurunan kualitas badan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu merencankan pembangunan unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) domestik di Kantor Pusat PT. Pertamina Marketing Operation Region (MOR) V Surabaya dengan menggunakan kombinasi unit biofilter aerobik dan adsorpsi karbon aktif beserta perhitungan volume bangunan dan Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) yang dibutuhkan. Teknologi pengolahan ini dipilih karena memiliki keunggulan dalam meremoval kadar pencemar organik dengan tingkat efisiensi yang tinggi dan kebutuhan lahan yang tidak terlalu luas. Metode penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari data perusahaan berupa debit pemakaian air bersih, layout kantor, data kualitas air limbah, serta informasi lain yang terkait dengan perencanaan. Hasil penelitian yang didapat berupa gambar desain (DED) unit IPAL, dimensi total bangunan pengolah seluas 34m2(P=17m dan L=2m), spesifikasi bahan yang digunakan, serta rencana anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan kontruksi unit IPAL yaitu sebesar Rp243.136.020,00. Perencanaan ini juga ditunjang dengan panduan dalam operasional dan perawatan unit IPAL. Kata kunci: Adsorpsi karbon aktif, air limbah domestik, biofilter aerobik, desain IPAL. The problem of wastewater in Indonesia is a strategic issue of environmental pollution in sustainable development, both sourced from residential areas and office business units. The high dissolved organic content in wastewater can cause a decrease in the intensity of sunlight needed by photosynthetic microorganisms and have an impact on the quality of water bodies. The purpose of this study is to plan the construction of a domestic Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) at the Head Office of PT. Pertamina Marketing Operation Region (MOR) V Surabaya using a combination of aerobic biofilter units and activated carbon adsorption along with the calculation of building volume and the required Budget Plan. This processing technology was chosen because it has advantages in renovating organic pollutant levels with a high level of efficiency and land requirements that are not too broad. The research method uses secondary data obtained from company data in the form of debit of clean water usage, office layout, waste water quality data, and other information related to planning. The results obtained in the form of design drawings (DED) of WWTP units, the total dimensions of the processing plant area of 34m2 (P = 17m and L = 2m), as well as the material specifications used, as well as the budget plan required for the construction of WWTP unit construction is Rp243. 136,020.00. This planning is also supported by guidelines in the operation and maintenance of WWTP units. Keywords: Activated carbon adsorption, aerobic biofilter, domestic wastewater, WWTP design.

Infuence of Selected Pharmaceuticals on Biogas Production in Mesophilic Anaerobic Fermentation

This article deals with pharmaceutical compounds as micropollutants in anaerobic digestion of sludge from waste water treatment plant (WWTP). Part of the work included the research into presence of pharmaceuticals in different types of waters. Description of anaerobic fermentation process is also important in terms of optimal conditions. The practical aim of the investigation was preparation of a model of anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge, where influence of pharmaceuticals on mesophilic anaerobic digestion was monitored. Wash out of micropollutants from sludge in big semicontinuous anaerobic reactors was running since October 2013. The resulting non-adapted sludge from mesophilic reactor was used since March 2014 for pharmaceuticals tests in half-a-litre glass bottles with a septum cap. The compounds of interest were diclofenac, tramadol, ibuprofen, carbamazepine and amoxicillin and their concentration in the tested sludge was 10 μg/L and 500 μg/L. The results showed that pharmaceuticals have different influence on the amount of produced biogas even if they are from the same therapeutic group. In the low concentration, the inhibition was present for diclofenac, carbamazepine and amoxicillin, at the high concentration, while diclofenac showed almost no influence. Other compounds caused a stimulative effect on the process. The mixture of all pharmaceuticals of interest in low concentration was stimulative at first, while it was inhibotory since mid-time of the test.