Grevelingen: From an Estuary to a Saline Lake1

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Nienhuis ◽  
J C Huis in ‘t Veld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Saline Lake ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Water Economy ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Rhine Water ◽  
Lake Grevelingen

A number of coastal engineering and ecological considerations are given, concerning the changes from Grevelingen estuary into saline Lake Grevelingen. New hydraulic methods were used to close the 5–7 km wide estuary at both ends. The eastern secondary dam was closed in 1964 by a combination of tight caissons and rubble-stone from a cable-way. The closure gaps in the western primary dam were closed simultaneously in 1971 by sluice caissons and large concrete blocks dumped from a cable-way. The main objects of damming up Grevelingen estuary were to shorten and to strengthen the total length of the coast and the sea-walls, and to improve the fresh-water economy of the area. In the course of time additional motives have been added. Lake Grevelingen evolved into a relatively stable and diversified saline ecosystem. The considerable values of water quality and ecology of the present lake have to be weighed against the bad quality of fresh Rhine-water and concomitant biotic communities.

scholarly journals HYDRAULIC CIRCULATION PERFORMANCE OF A CURVILINEAR MARINA

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Entrance Channel ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Basin Geometry ◽  
Engineering Concept

An innovative coastal engineering concept has been developed to maximize the hydraulic circulation and water quality of dredged backshore harbors and boat basins. The concept represents a radical departure from the hydraulic design of existing artificial boat basins in that the basin geometry and entrance channel are primarily sized for hydraulic purposes rather than navigational access. Specific elements of the concept are described below.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment using NSFWQI, OIP and multivariate techniques of Ganga River system, Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagan Matta ◽  
Anjali Nayak ◽  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Pawan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Water ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
River Ganga

Abstract Ganga River water is very much stressed with the rapidly increasing population, climate change and water pollution that increase domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. This study assesses the surface water quality of the River Ganga in India, using NSFWQI, OIP and multivariate techniques. During the current study, water samples from Ganga River were collected for the assessment of 19 physico-chemical determinants from 20 sampling locations. Water quality indices (WQIs) is used to classify the overall impact of different variables of water. Multivariate techniques were utilized to assess the water conditions for productive management of fresh water quality. The WQI results showed that surface water quality varied at the selected sampling sites among medium and good categories. The PCA generates the 6 principle components which highly contributes (80.3%) in influencing the hydro-chemistry of river water. Agricultural waste runoff, untreated effluents and many other anthropogenic activities were identified as main contributor in decreasing the water quality of the River Ganga. To maintain and protect this fresh water resources against contamination, the usage of stringent policies and rules are expected to preserve fresh water resources for people in the future.

scholarly journals Inland Water Quality Study of Mount Lebanon Range in the Region of Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-514
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Inland Water

Lebanon is a country with several rivers and renewable water resources compared to other neighboring countries. Lebanon has several major rivers that are originating from mount Lebanon. Rivers in-fact entering to the Mediterranean Sea by passing about 20-30 km from their sources at mount Lebanon through the coastal zones (west of Lebanon). Sannine Aquifer at mountain district at an altitude of 1,500 m, is the major inland fresh water, groundwater, source for the coastal area and servicing many lands and cities. In this research, the quality of inland water, fresh-water resources of Mount Lebanon range in the Middle East region, were studied. Water samples were collected from different places among Lebanese mountains. The collected samples were analyzed to measure the average concentration of selected Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, magnesium, etc. Many other inland water sources (wells) are also existing, however, many of them are saline and are not suitable for direct domestic use or even for irrigation. The study approach water quality assessment and level of pollution and potential impact to seawater of Mediterranean basin since there is a direct connection with the Seawater at each range. The average of electrical conductivity value of fresh water found to be slightly high, TDS value were moderately high while phosphate recorded at high level. Other data assessment show that the quality of inland water has to be monitored since it is deteriorating due to uncontrolled usage.

Environmental Impact Statement on the Problem of a Fresh or Salt Lake Grevelingen

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H M v.d Meulen ◽  
J Leentvaar ◽  
N M de Rooy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
System Analysis Approach ◽  
Lake Grevelingen

An Environmental Impact Statement has to be prepared as to whether Lake Grevelingen will remain a salt-water basin or become a fresh-water basin in the near future. This paper describes the system analysis approach applied for obtaining the information necessary for the Environmental Impact Statement and gives an outline of the quality of the salt-water and of the fresh-water Lake Grevelingen. The effects of the quality of the ecosystem of the lake on the fulfilment of several functions such as nature conservation, recreation, fisheries and water supply for agriculture are briefly described.

Spatial and Temporal variation analysis of water quality of Hemavathi River, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Santhosh K. M ◽  
S. Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Origin Point

Urban development, agricultural runoff and industrialization have contributed pollution loading on the environment.  In this study Hemavathi river water from a stretch from its origin point to its sangama was studied for pollution load by determining parameters of water quality like pH, Alkalinity,  Ca, Mg, Nitrate, TDS, BOD, COD , and the results were compared with WHO and BIS standards to draw final conclusion on the quality of water.

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Microbial Indices

Changes of microbial indices of water quality in the Vistula and Brda rivers as a result of sewage treatment plant operationThis paper reports the results of studies of microbiological changes in the water quality of the Vistula and Brda rivers after the opening of sewage treatment plants in Bydgoszcz. The study involved determining the microbiological parameters of water quality. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the quality of the water in both rivers had improved decidedly after the opening of the plants, although an increased number of individual groups of microorganisms was found at the treated sewage outlet from one of the plants.

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