Urban Storm Water Discharges: Effects upon Communities of Sessile Diatoms and Macro-Invertebrates

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Willemsen ◽  
H. F. Gast ◽  
R. O. G. Franken ◽  
J. G. M. Cuppen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Urban Storm

From 1985 to 1987, long-term and more or less permanent effects of discharges from combined or separate sewer systems on communities of sessile diatoms and macro-invertebrates in receiving waters have been studied. Sessile diatoms and/or macro-invertebrates have been investigated on 46 locations, spread all over The Netherlands. The results were related to the type of sewer system, the discharges, and the characteristics of the receiving water, and compared with results from sample(s) taken from a corresponding water not influenced by sewer overflows, the reference water. In general, communities of sessile diatoms and macro-invertebrates indicate a more severe organic pollution and disturbance of receiving waters compared with reference waters. In the immediate vicinity of the overflows these communities were more disturbed than at some distance. In small ditches, effects were more pronounced compared with large waterbodies and waters with a constant flow regime. Finally, effects of combined sewer overflows were more pronounced than effects of discharges from separate sewer systems, except for locations in industrial areas.

Methods for Calculation of Annual and Extreme Overflow Events from Combined Sewer Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
N B Johansen ◽  
P Harremoës ◽  
M Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Source Of Pollution ◽  
Receiving Water

Overflow from combined systems constitute an increasing source of pollution of receiving waters, as compared to daily wastewater discharges which undergo treatment to a still higher extent. The receiving water problems from overflows are significant both in a long term scale (mean annual load) and in a short term scale (extreme event load). A method for computation of both annual and extreme load is presented. It is based on historical rain series and the use of a time-area model and simple pollutant mixing model in runoff calculation. Statistical calculations for both mean annual load and extreme events have been applied to the computed overflow series. Based on the computerized method simple manual calculations methods have been developed, resulting in graphs and tables for annual load and extreme load.

Methods of Estimating the Discharge of Gross Solids from Combined Sewer Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Uk

Visible pollution discharged from two combined sewer overflows were studied using passive Trash Trap devices and the UK Water Research Centre Gross Solids Sampler. Relationships are presented for the number of visible solids and the mass of gross solids discharged during an event. The differences in the behaviour of the overflow types are reported on and they are categorised using the Trash Traps.

scholarly journals Pollution Loads Discharged from Combined Sewer Overflows: Theoretical Approach and Long Term Numerical Assessment

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mignosa ◽  
Alessandro Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Event Simulation ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Two Parameters

The paper describes a theoretical analysis and a numerical assessment of pollutant loads discharged from Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) - with or without stormwater tanks – into the environment. The theoretical approach was based on certain simple assumptions, reasonably valid if the time scale of the problem involved is long enough (month/ year), in that single-event simulation is not interesting at all. Two main parameters related to the rainfall regime were found to be significant: the total volume of water discharged from the structure and the effective mixing factor between sanitary sewage and storm runoff. A numerical assessment of these two parameters was then made, on an annual basis, by means of a long-term rainfall series recorded in Milan, Italy. Both the “simple” CSO structure and the CSO coupled with stormwater tanks (on-line or off-line) were considered. The resulting graphs make it possible to evaluate the total annual load discharged from CSOs into the environment and the potential reduction obtained by adding a storage capacity to the overflow. This estimation could be of interest for persistent pollutants (phosphorus, heavy metals) discharged into low-recirculation bodies (lakes, estuaries, lagoons, closed seas).

scholarly journals Using data from monitoring combined sewer overflows to assess, improve, and maintain combined sewer systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 1053-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Montserrat ◽  
Ll. Bosch ◽  
M.A. Kiser ◽  
M. Poch ◽  
Ll. Corominas
Keyword(s):  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Using Data

Occurrence and fate of organic pollutants in combined sewer systems and possible impacts on receiving waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Flow Surface ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Receiving Water

Selected organic pollutants are classified based on an intensive literature survey. Two wastewater parameters (COD and ammonium) and six selected organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilo triaceticacid (NTA)) are specified. As a result, for the first time representative concentrations in dry weather flow, surface runoff and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in combined sewer systems (CSS) are stated. The second part of the paper presents a first estimation of main emission out of a combined sewer system and possible receiving water impacts in terms of (1) annual discharged loads calculated by pollution load simulations in a hypothetical catchment and (2) concentrations calculated in combined sewer overflows (CSO) discharges and resulting receiving water concentrations.

scholarly journals Ecological aspect in combined sewer overflows chamber design

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
J. Pollert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
New Type ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
Receiving Water

In 2005 one of major Czech manufacturers of glass reinforced plastic pipes asked the Department of Sanitary and Ecological Engineering to develop a new type of combined sewer overflows (CSO) chamber that could become a part of their manufacturing programme. The main requirements were economy of production, easy and fast installation on the field and increased protection of receiving waters. A simple object consisting of a pipe placed above another one was designed. The object begins with a stilling chamber formed by a conical expansion of the inlet pipe. It is separated from the overflow object itself by a downflow baffle designed to trap floating objects. The CSO chamber is equipped by a flow regulation device (e.g. vortex valve or throttle pipe) at the end. Excess water flows through a slit in the top of the bottom pipe into the upper pipe and from there to the receiving water. More than 15 prototypes were already installed in the Czech and Slovak Republics and more than 20 are planned to be built in Europe. We hope this type of CSO CHAMBER will help to decrease the cost of construction of new sewers and reconstruction of old ones. Its higher efficiency of separation of suspended particles might also contribute to the improvement of the quality of receiving water bodies according to Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC.

scholarly journals The Role of Sewer Network Structure on the Occurrence and Magnitude of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Julian Reyes-Silva ◽  
Emmanuel Bangura ◽  
Björn Helm ◽  
Jakob Benisch ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) prevent surges in sewer networks by releasing untreated wastewater into nearby water bodies during intense storm events. CSOs can have acute and detrimental impacts on the environment and thus need to be managed. Although several gray, green and hybrid CSO mitigation measures have been studied, the influence of network structure on CSO occurrence is not yet systematically evaluated. This study focuses on evaluating how the variation of urban drainage network structure affects the frequency and magnitude of CSO events. As a study case, a sewer subnetwork in Dresden, Germany, where 11 CSOs are present, was selected. Scenarios corresponding to the structures with the lowest and with the highest number of possible connected pipes, are developed and evaluated using long-term hydrodynamic simulation. Results indicate that more meshed structures are associated to a decrease on the occurrence and magnitude of CSO. Event frequency reductions vary between 0% and 68%, while reduction of annual mean volumes and annual mean loads ranged between 0% and 87% and 0% and 92%. These rates were mainly related to the additional sewer storage capacity provided in the more meshed scenarios, following a sigmoidal behavior. However, increasing network connections causes investment costs, therefore optimization strategies for selecting intervention areas are needed. Furthermore, the present approach of reducing CSO frequency may provide a new gray solution that can be integrated in the development of hybrid mitigation strategies for the CSO management.

Urban Storm Water Discharges: Effects upon Plankton Communities

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Gast ◽  
R. E. M. Suykerbuyk ◽  
R. M. M. Roijackers
Keyword(s):  
Storm Water ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Plankton Communities ◽  
Urban Storm ◽  
Receiving Water

From 1985 to 1987, effects of sewer discharges on communities of phyto- and Zooplankton in receiving waters have been studied. Locations all over The Netherlands have been selected. The results were related to the type of sewer system, the discharges and the characteristics of the receiving water. Results were compared with those from samples taken from a corresponding water not influenced by sewer discharges, the reference water. Often either phyto- or Zooplankton communities could be used succesfully to describe the short-and medium-term effects of the discharges on the quality of the involved habitats. Plankton communities could also indicate permanent effects due to higher saprobic levels in the receiving water compared to the reference water: an obvious result of urban storm water discharges. In small and medium-sized stagnant waters, particularly in the immediate vicinity of the overflows, effects on plankton communities were more pronounced compared to large and running waters. Combined sewer system overflows (CSO) often proved to affect plankton communities more severely than separate sewer system discharges (SSD), except for some locations in industrial areas.

Quantifying the inherent uncertainty in the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Friedler ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Domestic Appliances

Results from two surveys in S.E. England are used to illustrate and quantify the inherent uncertainty in the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater at the fundamental level of discharges from domestic appliances. The uncertainties in three principal areas are elucidated. Volumetric discharges are shown to vary significantly for several appliances particularly when used in “running to waste” mode. Pollutant load also varies and information is presented for a number of different appliance-pollutant combinations. The frequency of use is known to vary throughout the day, but figures are presented to quantify the extent of the spread of the data during each hour of the day. A means of integrating the various elements of uncertainty is proposed. Quantification should enable better control of treatment plants and improve forecasting of the influence of combined sewer overflows on receiving waters, hence enhancing the management of the associated risk.

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