Design of On-Site Treatment Systems in Caliche Soils

Caliche soils, weathered limestone soils of high calcium carbonate content and and low organic content, are common in regions with limestone sedimentary geology and arid to semi-arid climate. Currently, there are no standards other than hydraulic soil properties for the design and construction of on-site wastewater treatment systems in caliche soils. Experimental studies were performed to investigate biological transformation rates for organic carbon to inorganic carbon and organic nitrogen to nitrate, using four different caliche soils and the range of recommended hydraulic loading rates. The experimental results indicate that oxygen demanding materials readily decay over short distances in caliche soils. Efficiency of removal for TOC was >97%. However in three of the four caliche soils, nitrate concentrations were significantly higher than the background and the control cases. The high calcium carbonate content of the caliche soils leads to solutions well buffered with respect to pH and alkalinity. Nitrification rates are very rapid in these soils which are buffered at the optimum pH range for Nitrosomonas growth. The low organic carbon content of caliche soils results in low denitrification rates. Nitrate in the effluent is the limiting pollutant in the determination of appropriate loading rates, drain field area, and land requirements. Phosphate and metal aqueous concentrations are acceptably low and are limited by solubility control in the open system equilibrium model.

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Chemical properties of salt-affected soils in north Kent and their relationship to soil instability

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600080904 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. J. Loveland ◽

J. Hazelden ◽

R. G. Sturdy

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Calcium Carbonate Content ◽

Soil Instability ◽

Dispersion Ratio

SummarySoil instability, as measured by the dispersion ratios of the reclaimed salt-marsh soils of ca. 70 km2 of north Kent, was assessed on samples taken from 0–15, 35–50 and 70–85 cm depths from sites at the intersects of a 250 m square grid or along transects. The dispersion ratios were related to other soil properties including exchangeable sodium, potassium and magnesium percentages, organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content and electrical conductivity. The dispersion ratio correlates most closely with exchangeable sodium percentage and organic carbon content; weaker correlations exist with exchangeable potassium and calcium carbonate contents. Dispersion ratios rise sharply, i.e. reflect a marked increase in soil instability, when organic carbon content is less than 2·5% and calcium carbonate content is less than 2%. Magnesium has little effect on the dispersion ratio. The soil solution salt concentration (as expressed by electrical conductivity) is too low over much of the area to promote flocculation, and hence stability, of the soil clays.

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Studies in the absorption and excretion of certain minerals by poultry. III. The influence of different levels of dietary calcium upon the retention of calcium, phosphorus, carbonate and chloride

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600024023 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 283-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cyril Tyler

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Phosphorus Excretion ◽

Calcium Carbonate Content ◽

High Calcium ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Different Levels

1. The daily retention of calcium, carbonate, phosphorus and chloride was studied using four birds and changing the calcium carbonate content of the ration every 5 days for 15 days.2. It was shown that high calcium diets result in a much lower retention of calcium and thin-shelled eggs are produced.3. Retention of calcium was higher in the laying than in the non-laying bird when calcium carbonate was fed.4. High calcium diets depressed the retention of phosphorus, and in one case the retention was negative, even when no eggs were laid. Laying birds gave negative values for retention because of the heavy phosphorus excretion associated with egg laying.5. High calcium diets also depressed the retention of chloride, and on occasion led to negative retention values.

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Characterization and Evaluation of Soils Occurring on Toposequence In Eastern Plains, Bhilwara District, Rajasthan for Land Use Planning

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2016.jun12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. K. Naitam ◽

◽

R. S. Singh ◽

P. C. Moharana ◽

S. K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Hilly Terrain ◽

Calcium Carbonate Content

A reconnaissance soil survey was undertaken at 1:50, 000 scale to characterize and evaluate the land resources of Bhilwara district in Rajasthan for land use planning. Based on landforms seven typifying pedons along the toposequence were studied for their soil-site and physico-chemical characteristics in eastern plain. The study indicates that the soils of steeply sloping hilly terrain were very shallow, excessively drained, dark brown, sandy loam in texture with fine, weak sub-angular blocky structure. The soils of very gently sloping plain and nearly level plain are deep to very deep, imperfectly drained to well drained, olive brown to dark brown soils associated with higher water content at -33 and -1500 kPa and the organic carbon content was higher in the surface soils compared to subsurface and it decreased with depth. The calcium carbonate content ranged from 1.0 to 36.5 percent and the calcium carbonate content increased with depth. The soils of the hilly terrain (P1) and undulating pediment (P2) have been classified as Lithic Ustorthents and Lithic Haplustepts, respectively. Soils of the intervening valley (P3), undulating plain (P4) and gently sloping plain (P5) categorized as Typic Haplustepts, whereas the soils occurring on the very gently sloping plains (P6) were classified as Vertic Haplustepts. The soils formed on nearly level plain have been classified as Sodic Haplusterts (P7). The soils are grouped under IIes, IIIs, IVes and Ves land capability sub-classes and 2s, 3s, 3st, 3sd, 4st and 5st land irrigability sub-classes. The land suitability for major crops growing in the region indicated that the soils of the hilly terrain (P1) and undulating pediment (P2) are not suitable for most of the crops due to their very severe limitations of slope, erosion and soil depth. The soils of the intervening valley (P3) were moderately suitable for maize and sorghum and marginally suitable for wheat, cotton and mustard. Soils of undulating plain (P4) were highly suitable for maize, sorghum, wheat and moderately suitable for groundnut, cotton and gram. Soils of the gently sloping plains (P5) were highly suitable for sorghum; moderately suitable for maize, wheat, cotton and mustard; and marginally suitable for groundnut and gram. Soils of the very gently sloping plain (P6) were moderately suitable for sorghum and marginally suitable for maize, wheat, cotton and unsuitable for groundnut and gram. Soils of the nearly level plains were moderate to marginally suitable for other crops and unsuitable for groundnut and gram (P7).

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Analysis of the Causes of High Calcium Carbonate Content in Coal-Fired Power Plant Desulfurization Gypsum

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 2582-2585

Author(s):

Xue Ying Zhang ◽

Xiao Xiang Zhou ◽

Xue Feng Dong

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Power Plant ◽

Power Plants ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Calcium Carbonate Content ◽

High Calcium ◽

Powder Fineness ◽

Lime Powder ◽

Lime Stone

In this paper, the problem of high calcium carbonate content of desulfurization gypsum using limestone - gypsum wet desulphurization technology in coal-fired power plants questions, recommendations in running process from the control of absorption tower pH, lime stone powder, lime powder fineness activity to solve the above problems.

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Opto‐electrochemical Dissolution Reveals Coccolith Calcium Carbonate Content

Angewandte Chemie International Edition ◽

10.1002/anie.202108435 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Minjun Yang ◽

Christopher Batchelor-McAuley ◽

Samuel Barton ◽

Rosalind E.M. Rickaby ◽

Heather A. Bouman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Electrochemical Dissolution ◽

Calcium Carbonate Content

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Do Sandy Grasslands along the Danube in the Carpathian Basin Preserve the Memory of Forest-Steppes?

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12020114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Károly Penksza ◽

Dénes Saláta ◽

Gergely Pápay ◽

Norbert Péter ◽

Zoltán Bajor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Carpathian Basin ◽

Grass Species ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Sandy Grasslands ◽

Dominant Grass

Research highlights: In the present survey we examined the sandy grasslands appearing in the steppe-forest-steppe vegetation in the central part of the Carpathian Basin along the Danube. Background and objectives: We aimed to answer the following questions: Is it possible to build a picture of the past form of the vegetation through the examination of these vegetation units based on dominant grass taxa? Is Festuca wagneri an element of open grasslands or steppes? According to our hypothesis, these surveys can help reveal the original or secondary woody, shrubby patches through clarifying dominant taxa. Materials and Methods: We studied the grasslands in terms of coenology, putting great emphasis on the dominant Festuca taxa. Based on our preliminary surveys and literature, three vegetation types can be separated based on one single dominant Festuca taxon in each. The survey was conducted in four different locations in the Carpathian Basin. The cover of dominant grass species was used as an indicator value. The pedological background was also examined. Results: F. vaginata grassland is an open vegetation type based on its coenosystematic composition and ecological values. It grows in very weakly developed calcareous soil with sandy texture, with its lowest and highest organic carbon content ranging from 0.2% to 11.3% (0.2%), and the highest carbonate content (11.3%). Where the grasslands were disturbed, F. pseudovaginata and the recently discovered F. tomanii appeared. These taxa were also found in forest patches. The soil under F. pseudovaginata was more developed, in the surface horizon with higher organic carbon content (1.1%) and lower carbonate content (6.9%). The soil profile under F. wagneri developed the most, as the presence of deep and humus rich soil material from deflation and degradation showed. Conclusions: the dominant Festuca taxa of these vegetation types are good indicators of the changes in the vegetation and their ecological background.

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Characterization and Evaluation of Land Resources of Valia Block, Bharuch District, Gujarat

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2018.dec3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

G. Tiwari ◽

◽

A. Jangir ◽

R. P. Sharma ◽

B. Dash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Clay Content ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Soil Series ◽

Mapping Unit ◽

High Calcium

Detailed soil survey (1:10000 scale) was carried out using base map prepared from satellite data (IRS-P6 LISS IV and Cartosat-1) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in conjunction with Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets of 1:50000 scale in Valia block, Bharuch district of Gujarat. On the basis of landform, slope, land use/land cover and ground truth, six landscape ecological Units (LEUs) were delineated and six soil series were identified in the block. Five soil series occur on alluvial plain (cover 66.16 %) and one soil series occupies pediplain 27.61 %. These series were mapped into ten soil mapping units as phases of soil series. The representative pedons of alluvial plain were moderately deep to very deep and their sand, silt and clay content ranged from 8.2 to 44.4, 9.8 to 40.2 and 43.8 to 55.6 per cent, respectively. These pedons were neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 6.8 - 9.7), non-saline with low to high organic carbon (0.18 – 1.2 %) content, low to high calcium carbonate (5.9 - 26.6 %) and high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1]. Exchangeable complex of these pedons were dominated by Ca2+ followed by Mg2+, Na+ and K+ cations with high base saturation (72.0 to 99. 4 %). Soils were classified as Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplusterts, Typic Calciustepts, Typic Haplustepts and Sodic Haplusterts. The representative pedon of pediplains was shallow, dark brown (7.5YR3/2), clayey, strongly alkaline (pH>8.5), non-saline (<2 dSm-1) and had moderate organic carbon (0.50-0.75 %) and calcium carbonate (5-15 %) with high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1] and classified as Lithic Haplustepts. The soils were evaluated for their suitability for commonly grown crops (cotton, pigeon pea, wheat and chick pea) and mapping unit 2 and 4 were highly suitable for cotton cultivation and other were moderately to marginal suitable for other crops.

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