Chemical properties of salt-affected soils in north Kent and their relationship to soil instability

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Loveland ◽  
J. Hazelden ◽  
R. G. Sturdy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content ◽  
Soil Instability ◽  
Dispersion Ratio

SummarySoil instability, as measured by the dispersion ratios of the reclaimed salt-marsh soils of ca. 70 km2 of north Kent, was assessed on samples taken from 0–15, 35–50 and 70–85 cm depths from sites at the intersects of a 250 m square grid or along transects. The dispersion ratios were related to other soil properties including exchangeable sodium, potassium and magnesium percentages, organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content and electrical conductivity. The dispersion ratio correlates most closely with exchangeable sodium percentage and organic carbon content; weaker correlations exist with exchangeable potassium and calcium carbonate contents. Dispersion ratios rise sharply, i.e. reflect a marked increase in soil instability, when organic carbon content is less than 2·5% and calcium carbonate content is less than 2%. Magnesium has little effect on the dispersion ratio. The soil solution salt concentration (as expressed by electrical conductivity) is too low over much of the area to promote flocculation, and hence stability, of the soil clays.

Design of On-Site Treatment Systems in Caliche Soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
H. M. Liljestrand ◽  
S. M. Parten
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Drain Field

Caliche soils, weathered limestone soils of high calcium carbonate content and and low organic content, are common in regions with limestone sedimentary geology and arid to semi-arid climate. Currently, there are no standards other than hydraulic soil properties for the design and construction of on-site wastewater treatment systems in caliche soils. Experimental studies were performed to investigate biological transformation rates for organic carbon to inorganic carbon and organic nitrogen to nitrate, using four different caliche soils and the range of recommended hydraulic loading rates. The experimental results indicate that oxygen demanding materials readily decay over short distances in caliche soils. Efficiency of removal for TOC was >97%. However in three of the four caliche soils, nitrate concentrations were significantly higher than the background and the control cases. The high calcium carbonate content of the caliche soils leads to solutions well buffered with respect to pH and alkalinity. Nitrification rates are very rapid in these soils which are buffered at the optimum pH range for Nitrosomonas growth. The low organic carbon content of caliche soils results in low denitrification rates. Nitrate in the effluent is the limiting pollutant in the determination of appropriate loading rates, drain field area, and land requirements. Phosphate and metal aqueous concentrations are acceptably low and are limited by solubility control in the open system equilibrium model.

scholarly journals Do Sandy Grasslands along the Danube in the Carpathian Basin Preserve the Memory of Forest-Steppes?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Károly Penksza ◽  
Dénes Saláta ◽  
Gergely Pápay ◽  
Norbert Péter ◽  
Zoltán Bajor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Sandy Grasslands ◽  
Dominant Grass

Research highlights: In the present survey we examined the sandy grasslands appearing in the steppe-forest-steppe vegetation in the central part of the Carpathian Basin along the Danube. Background and objectives: We aimed to answer the following questions: Is it possible to build a picture of the past form of the vegetation through the examination of these vegetation units based on dominant grass taxa? Is Festuca wagneri an element of open grasslands or steppes? According to our hypothesis, these surveys can help reveal the original or secondary woody, shrubby patches through clarifying dominant taxa. Materials and Methods: We studied the grasslands in terms of coenology, putting great emphasis on the dominant Festuca taxa. Based on our preliminary surveys and literature, three vegetation types can be separated based on one single dominant Festuca taxon in each. The survey was conducted in four different locations in the Carpathian Basin. The cover of dominant grass species was used as an indicator value. The pedological background was also examined. Results: F. vaginata grassland is an open vegetation type based on its coenosystematic composition and ecological values. It grows in very weakly developed calcareous soil with sandy texture, with its lowest and highest organic carbon content ranging from 0.2% to 11.3% (0.2%), and the highest carbonate content (11.3%). Where the grasslands were disturbed, F. pseudovaginata and the recently discovered F. tomanii appeared. These taxa were also found in forest patches. The soil under F. pseudovaginata was more developed, in the surface horizon with higher organic carbon content (1.1%) and lower carbonate content (6.9%). The soil profile under F. wagneri developed the most, as the presence of deep and humus rich soil material from deflation and degradation showed. Conclusions: the dominant Festuca taxa of these vegetation types are good indicators of the changes in the vegetation and their ecological background.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Chemical Properties in Soil under Wetland Rice through Industrial Effluents

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Golam Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abu Saleque
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Irrigated Rice

A laboratory experiment was conducted in Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during 2010-11 aimed to determine the effects of different industrial effluents on some soil chemical properties under long-term industrial wastewater irrigated rice field. Effluents irrigation created some differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The pH in all soil depth was higher with wastewater irrigated rice field. Irrigation with wastewater increased in all the effluents irrigated rice fields; the electrical conductivity (EC) was remarkable higher with  all soil depth than the control field. In all the rice fields soil (Control + effluents irrigated fields), the organic carbon content (%) started to decrease sharply with the increase in soil depth. Organic carbon content was slightly higher with wastewater irrigated rice soils. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), trace elements (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) were increased through irrigation with wastewater in rice–rice cropping pattern.

Composted municipal waste effect on chosen properties of calcareous soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidpour ◽  
M. Afyuni ◽  
E. Khadivi ◽  
A. Zorpas ◽  
V. Inglezakis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Compost Application

Abstract A 3-year field study was conducted to assess effects of composted municipal waste on some properties, distribution of Zn, Cu in a calcareous soil and uptake of these metals by wheat. The treatments were 0, 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha-1 of municipal solidwastewhichwas applied in three consecutive years. The application of composted municipal waste increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the aggregate stability,the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity, whereas it slightly decreased the soil pH and bulk density. A significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Cu were observed with increasing number and rate of compost application. The distribution of Zn and Cu between the different fractions in untreated and treated soils showed that the majority of Zn and Cu were in the residual form. Finally, the levels of Zn and Cu were higher in grains of wheat grown in composttreated plots compared to that grown in the control plots.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Soils Occurring on Toposequence In Eastern Plains, Bhilwara District, Rajasthan for Land Use Planning

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Naitam ◽  
◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
P. C. Moharana ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Hilly Terrain ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content

A reconnaissance soil survey was undertaken at 1:50, 000 scale to characterize and evaluate the land resources of Bhilwara district in Rajasthan for land use planning. Based on landforms seven typifying pedons along the toposequence were studied for their soil-site and physico-chemical characteristics in eastern plain. The study indicates that the soils of steeply sloping hilly terrain were very shallow, excessively drained, dark brown, sandy loam in texture with fine, weak sub-angular blocky structure. The soils of very gently sloping plain and nearly level plain are deep to very deep, imperfectly drained to well drained, olive brown to dark brown soils associated with higher water content at -33 and -1500 kPa and the organic carbon content was higher in the surface soils compared to subsurface and it decreased with depth. The calcium carbonate content ranged from 1.0 to 36.5 percent and the calcium carbonate content increased with depth. The soils of the hilly terrain (P1) and undulating pediment (P2) have been classified as Lithic Ustorthents and Lithic Haplustepts, respectively. Soils of the intervening valley (P3), undulating plain (P4) and gently sloping plain (P5) categorized as Typic Haplustepts, whereas the soils occurring on the very gently sloping plains (P6) were classified as Vertic Haplustepts. The soils formed on nearly level plain have been classified as Sodic Haplusterts (P7). The soils are grouped under IIes, IIIs, IVes and Ves land capability sub-classes and 2s, 3s, 3st, 3sd, 4st and 5st land irrigability sub-classes. The land suitability for major crops growing in the region indicated that the soils of the hilly terrain (P1) and undulating pediment (P2) are not suitable for most of the crops due to their very severe limitations of slope, erosion and soil depth. The soils of the intervening valley (P3) were moderately suitable for maize and sorghum and marginally suitable for wheat, cotton and mustard. Soils of undulating plain (P4) were highly suitable for maize, sorghum, wheat and moderately suitable for groundnut, cotton and gram. Soils of the gently sloping plains (P5) were highly suitable for sorghum; moderately suitable for maize, wheat, cotton and mustard; and marginally suitable for groundnut and gram. Soils of the very gently sloping plain (P6) were moderately suitable for sorghum and marginally suitable for maize, wheat, cotton and unsuitable for groundnut and gram. Soils of the nearly level plains were moderate to marginally suitable for other crops and unsuitable for groundnut and gram (P7).

Dynamics of selected chemical and microbiological properties changes in soils after application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate – incubation studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Michał Gąsiorek ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Biomass Carbon

<p>Soil acidification is a serious problem on a global scale, about 30% of land surface is occupied by acidic soils (pH≤ 5.5). Recent research indicates, that more than 50% of arable soils in Poland have too low pH. Acid soils are characterised the ability to mobilize toxic metals and increased plant uptake as well as decreased microbial activity in the soil. Progressive acidification leads to degradation of soils and caused that they are marginal for agricultural production. Soil acidification is a naturally occurring process, but only when natural factors are supported by intensive human activity, especially by nitrogen fertilisers application, intensive degradation is observed. Traditionally method to increase soil pH is the application of lime materials e.g. calcite, burnt lime or dolomite. The liming efficiency depends on lime material type (primarily chemical form of calcium compounds), the neutralising value, lime application method, soil properties and the particle size distribution of lime. The aim of this research was to determine the rate of action and influence of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate on selected chemical and microbiological soil properties.</p><p>The incubation studies were conducted on the three soils (G1, G2 – silt loam and G3 – sandy loam). Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm layer. Soil properties were measured after 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120 days of incubation. The liming factor was ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate with particle size distribution < 0.08 mm. The application dose was calculated for 0.5 soil hydrolytic acidity. In the soil samples pH<sub>KCl</sub>, buffer capacity, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon content were measured.</p><p>Application of lime caused an increase of pH value in all studied soils. The highest increase of the pH<sub>KCl </sub>was noted between 0 to 7<sup>th</sup> day of incubation. Afterward, the pH<sub>KCl </sub>decreased slowly for the soil G1 and G2. However, in the soil G3 significantly decreased just after 7<sup>th</sup> to 14<sup>th </sup>day, and afterward, the pH<sub>KCl</sub> decreased slowly to the end of the incubation period. As a result of liming long-term changes in soil buffer capacity were not noted. The studied soils were characterised by the higher buffer capacity in alkaline than in acidic range. The microbial biomass carbon content was varied during the incubation in all studied soils. The dissolved organic carbon content increased during the incubation, starting from the 7<sup>th</sup> to the 120<sup>th</sup> day of incubation for G2 and G3 soils and from 14<sup>th </sup>to last day of incubation for G1 soil. Application of lime caused an increase of the dissolved organic carbon content in all studied soils. These studies show that application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate is an effective and fast way to improve soil properties.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Bharuch Taluka in Bharuch District of Gujarat

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jangir ◽  
◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
G. Tiwari ◽  
B. Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
High Base

A detailed soil survey was undertaken at 1:10000 scale to describe, characterize, classify and evaluate the soils of Bharuch taluka, Bharuch district, Gujarat. Old and recent basaltic alluvial plains are the major landforms of the area. A total of 74 pedons, representing old (41 pedons) and recent (33 pedons) alluvial plains were studied. The soils were correlated and three soil series viz. Umraj, Derol and Singdot were identified. The Umraj belong to a very fine, smectitic Typic Haplusterts covers 30,839 ha (48.5 %) area, whereas Derol and Singdot a fine, smectitic Vertic Haplustepts and fine, mixed, Typic Haplustepts covers 20,604 ha (32.5 %) and 4,164 ha (6.6 %) area, respectively. The sand, silt and clay in the soils varied from 8 to 31, 24 to 49 and 23 to 67 per cent, respectively. The soils were very deep, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4) with low to medium in organic carbon content (0.14 to 0.58 %), low to high in calcium carbonate (1.9 to 16.5 %) with medium to high CEC [39.4 to 62.0 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high base saturation (67.4 to 92.0 %). Soils were assessed as highly to moderately suitable for major crops (cotton, pigeonpea, maize, sugarcane, wheat and chickpea).

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