The Prediction of Combined Sewer Overflow Performance from Models – A Case Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Storm Events ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Storm Flow ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Main Programme

Hydrodynamic separators have been employed as combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in the UK since the early 1960s. Since little was known of their operating characteristics, Severn Trent Water Authority contracted Aston University to monitor the performance of a separator constructed during 1986-87 at James Bridge, Walsall, UK. Unfortunately only three overflow events were fully documented during the monitoring period, which was particularly dry. One separator was therefore artificially charged by pumping from the adjacent river to simulate storm flow conditions. A model study was not included in the original proposal, but one was established to complement the main programme since the characteristics of hydrodynamic separators were poorly understood. The arrangement of the field site is described, and the results from the monitored storm events, pump tests and model studies are summarised. Characteristics derived from the model study are combined with sewage settling velocity grading curves to predict the performance of the prototype hydrodynamic separator for one of the observed storm events. Given the limitations inherent in the sewage data used, a comparison of the predicted and observed separator efficiencies demonstrates the potential of this approach for the design and selection of CSOs for specific locations.

Implementation of Hamilton-Wentworth Region’s Pollution Control Plan

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stirrup
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Abstract The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth operates a large combined sewer system which diverts excess combined sewage to local receiving waters at over 20 locations. On average, there are approximately 23 combined sewer overflows per year, per outfall. The region’s Pollution Control Plan, adopted by Regional Council in 1992, concluded that the only reasonable means of dealing with large volumes of combined sewer overflow in Hamilton was to intercept it at the outlets, detain it and convey it to the wastewater treatment plant after the storm events. The recommended control strategy relies heavily on off-line storage, with an associated expansion of the Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant to achieve target reductions of combined sewer overflows to 1–4 per year on average. The region has begun to implement this Pollution Control Plan in earnest. Three off-line detention storage tanks are already in operation, construction of a fourth facility is well underway, and conceptual design of a number of other proposed facilities has commenced. To make the best possible use of these facilities and existing in-line storage, the region is implementing a microcomputer-based real-time control system. A number of proposed Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant process upgrades and expansions have also been undertaken. This paper reviews the region's progress in implementing these control measures.

Methods of Estimating the Discharge of Gross Solids from Combined Sewer Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Uk

Visible pollution discharged from two combined sewer overflows were studied using passive Trash Trap devices and the UK Water Research Centre Gross Solids Sampler. Relationships are presented for the number of visible solids and the mass of gross solids discharged during an event. The differences in the behaviour of the overflow types are reported on and they are categorised using the Trash Traps.

A laboratory study of the erosion and transport of cohesive-like sediment mixtures in sewers

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Tait ◽  
Peter J. Rushforth ◽  
Adrian J. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sediment Mixtures ◽  
Initial Results

Surveys of sewers in the UK have indicated that many sewer systems have significant in-sewer deposits. Many of these existing combined sewers have been constructed at such a gradient and experience such a range of hydraulic conditions that over a period of time they experience repeated phases of sediment deposition, erosion and transport. Deposition of sediment in sewers with its consequent loss of discharge capacity can lead to the surcharging of sewerage systems and the premature operation of combined sewer overflows. The sudden erosion and transport of large quantities of deposited in-sewer sediments during periods of increased flow can significantly contribute to the pollution load imposed on receiving water courses and sewerage treatment plants. It is therefore important not only to be able to estimate the hydraulic performance of sewers but also the conditions under which significant erosion of deposited sediments occur. This paper reports on the rationale behind and the initial results from a laboratory study which aims to investigate the erosion and transport of “cohesive-like” sediment mixtures in controlled laboratory conditions. The choice of the sediments used was aimed at representing the characteristics of sewer sediment mixtures found in the field. These deposits have been found to exhibit a significant degree of cohesion not found in previously studied granular sediment beds.

scholarly journals The Role of Sewer Network Structure on the Occurrence and Magnitude of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Julian Reyes-Silva ◽  
Emmanuel Bangura ◽  
Björn Helm ◽  
Jakob Benisch ◽  
Peter Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) prevent surges in sewer networks by releasing untreated wastewater into nearby water bodies during intense storm events. CSOs can have acute and detrimental impacts on the environment and thus need to be managed. Although several gray, green and hybrid CSO mitigation measures have been studied, the influence of network structure on CSO occurrence is not yet systematically evaluated. This study focuses on evaluating how the variation of urban drainage network structure affects the frequency and magnitude of CSO events. As a study case, a sewer subnetwork in Dresden, Germany, where 11 CSOs are present, was selected. Scenarios corresponding to the structures with the lowest and with the highest number of possible connected pipes, are developed and evaluated using long-term hydrodynamic simulation. Results indicate that more meshed structures are associated to a decrease on the occurrence and magnitude of CSO. Event frequency reductions vary between 0% and 68%, while reduction of annual mean volumes and annual mean loads ranged between 0% and 87% and 0% and 92%. These rates were mainly related to the additional sewer storage capacity provided in the more meshed scenarios, following a sigmoidal behavior. However, increasing network connections causes investment costs, therefore optimization strategies for selecting intervention areas are needed. Furthermore, the present approach of reducing CSO frequency may provide a new gray solution that can be integrated in the development of hybrid mitigation strategies for the CSO management.

scholarly journals A Detention Reservoir Reduced Combined Sewer Overflows and Bathing Water Contamination Due to Intense Rainfall

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Marco Romei ◽  
Matteo Lucertini ◽  
Enrico Esposito Renzoni ◽  
Elisa Baldrighi ◽  
Federica Grilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Impact

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) close to water bodies are a cause of grave environmental concern. In the past few decades, major storm events have become increasingly common in some regions, and the meteorological scenarios predict a further increase in their frequency. Consequently, CSO control and treatment according to best practices, the adoption of innovative treatment solutions and careful sewer system management are urgently needed. A growing number of publications has been addressing the quality, quantity and types of available water management and treatment options. In this study, we describe the construction of an innovative detention reservoir along the Arzilla River (Fano, Italy) whose function is to store diluted CSO wastewater exceeding the capacity of a combined drain system. River water sampling and testing for microbial contamination downstream of the tank after a heavy rain event found a considerable reduction of fecal coliform concentrations, which would have compounded the impact of stormwater on the bathing site. These preliminary results suggest that the detention tank exerted beneficial environmental effects on bathing water by lowering the microbial load.

Influence of changes of the wastewater composition on the applicability of UV-absorption measurements at combined sewer overflows

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stumwöhrer ◽  
N. Matsché ◽  
S. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Absorption Measurements

The applicability of UV-absorption measurements at combined sewer overflows was investigated under different storm water conditions. Three specific rainfall events of different intensity, different duration and different intervals between the events were investigated. An individual evaluation of each single event resulted in an acceptable correlation between the UV absorption and the pollution measured as COD. A combined evaluation of the different events exhibited a very poor correlation which could not be used as pollution control parameter. Since the calibration procedure of the spectrometer used was not flexible enough to distinguish between different wastewater matrices from the different storm events the applicability of this type of spectrometer for the control of storm water overflows is questionable.

The impacts of discharges from two combined sewer overflows on the water quality of an urban watercourse

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mulliss ◽  
D. M. Revitt ◽  
R. B. E. Shutes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Urban Watercourse ◽  
The Uk

The impacts of combined sewer overflows and surface water outfalls on receiving water quality are assessed by comparing dry weather flow and storm event concentrations of dissolved oxygen, BOD, total and unionised ammonia, pH, dissolved copper and total zinc with those recommended by the River Ecosystem classification guidelines for freshwaters in the UK. The deteriorating conditions during wet weather are identified by water quality falling below the RE2 category for all monitored pollutants, other than dissolved copper, and reaching the most grossly polluted condition for BOD and total ammonia.

scholarly journals A review of combined sewer overflows as a source of wastewater-derived emerging contaminants in the environment and their management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and personal care products can be released to the environment in untreated wastewater/stormwater mixtures following storm events. The frequency and intensity of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) has increased in some areas due to increasing urbanisation and climate change. Therefore, this review provides an up-to-date overview on CSOs as an environmental source of emerging contaminants. Other than compounds with high removal, those chiral species subject to enantioselective changes (i.e. degradation or inversion) during wastewater treatment can be effective markers of CSO discharge in the environment. A proposed framework for the selection of emerging contaminants as markers of CSOs is outlined. Studies have demonstrated that CSOs can be the main source of emerging contaminants with high removal efficiency during wastewater treatment (e.g. > 90%). However, the impact of CSOs on the environment is location specific and requires decision-making on their appropriate management at catchment level. This process would be aided by further studies on CSOs which incorporate the monitoring of emerging contaminants and their effects in the environment with those more routinely monitored pollutants (e.g. pathogens and priority substances). Mitigation and treatment strategies for emerging contaminants in CSOs are also discussed.

Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows at Small Wastewater Treatment Works by Constructed Reed Beds

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Green ◽  
J. R. Martin ◽  
P. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Reed Bed

The performance of constructed reed beds is illustrated by examination of results of surveys from a sewage treatment works with storm treatment reed beds and another site with a combined storm and tertiary treatment reed bed. During surveys of the first system the average hydraulic loads were between 25 and 40 cm d−1 and removals of between 6.7 to 15.4 g m−2 d BOD5, 17.7 to 38.6 g m−2 d TSS, 0.43 to 0.99 g m−2 d NH4N and 0.63 to 0.76 g m−2 d TON were observed. A survey during a storm at the combined storm and tertiary treatment reed bed showed a hydraulic loading of 98 cm d−1 in the first 24 hr and removals of 12.6 g m−2 d BOD5, 29.9 g m−2 d TSS, 0.49 g m−2 d NH4N and a small increase in TON. The sustainability of the high rate of removal during storm events is ascribed to the longer intervals in which loadings are much lower. Samples taken by the regulator from the time of commissioning of 20 sites with combined storm and tertiary treatment reed beds, up to the end of May 1998 are examined. Three of these had operational problems not associated with storm treatment. The aggregate data for the remaining 17 sites (n=906 to 911) illustrate a level of performance matching that of sites with tertiary treatment systems, with averages of 2.2 mg l−1 BOD5, 3.0 mg l−1 TSS, 1.25 mg l−1 NH4N and 12.2 mg l−1 TON.

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