Decentralisation of the Emscher sewerage system - expansion of the Emscher mouth treatment plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Burkhard Teichgräber ◽  
Ulrich Hermanns
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aeration Volume ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Since the beginning of the 20th Century, the Emscher and its tributaries have been operated as open waste water courses (Emscher System). Between 1966 and 1977, the Emscher Mouth Treatment Plant was constructed for the biological treatment of domestic and industrial discharge from the 774 square kilometre Emscher catchment area. The plant was designed for 5 million population equivalents. Since the beginning of the Nineties, the Waste Water Management Regulations require, apart from the elimination of carbon, also the elimination of nitrogen and phosphorus, in order to reduce, as far as possible, the load on natural, flowing bodies of water and to protect the North Sea. While the COD values are observed with a narrow margin, the nitrogen values make it necessary to expand the aeration volume of the Emscher Mouth Treatment Plant by 50% to 216,000 m3. For this purpose, comprehensive studies, as well as pilot studies on the subject of filtration, have been carried out. Construction of the new aeration tanks was begun in spring 1993. The expansion will be completed at the end of 1996. Investments totalling 102 million DM are required.

The Design and Construction of the “Houtrust” Waste Water Treatment Plant in the Hague

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Hague

Until a century ago, The Hague's waste water was discharged directly into the city's canals. However, the obnoxious smell and resultant pollution of local waters and beaches then necessitated the implementation of a policy of collecting and transferring waste water by means of a system of sewers. By 1937, it was being discharged, via a 400 metre-long sea outfall, directly into the North Sea. By 1967, however, the increasing volume of waste water being generated by The Hague and the surrounding conurbations called for the construction of a primary sedimentation plant. This had two sea outfalls, one 2.5 km long and the other 10 km long, the former for discharging pre-settled waste water and the latter for discharging sludge directly into the North Sea. This “separation plant” was enlarged during the period 1986-1990. On account of the little available area - only 4.1 ha - the plant had to be enlarged in two stages by constructing a biological treatment section and a sludge treatment section with a capacity of 1,700,000 p.e. (at 136 gr O2/p.e./day). In order to gain additional space, a number of special measures were introduced, including aerating gas containing 90% oxygen and stacked final clarifiers. Following completion of the sludge treatment section, it has become possible, since 1st May 1990, to dump digested sludge into a large reservoir (“The Slufter”), specially constructed to accommodate polluted mud dredged from the Rotterdam harbours and waterways. As a result of these measures, there has been a reduction of between 70% and 95% in North Sea pollution arising from the “Houtrust” waste water treatment plant. Related investment totalled Dfl. 200 million and annual operating and maintenance costs (including investment charges) will amount to Dfl. 30 million. Further measures will have to be taken in the future to reduce the discharge of phosphorus and nitrogen. So this enlargement is not the end. There will be continued extension of the purification operations of the “Houtrust” waste water treatment plant.

Semi-technical investigations into the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus at the kleve-salmorth waste water treatment plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Karl Arno Bäumer ◽  
Angela Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The Institute for Water and Waste Management (ISA) at the Aachen University of Technology (RWTH) verified, through semi-technical analysis, the efficiency of the planned upgrade of the Kleve-Salmorth waste water treatment plant. Additionally the allowable biological phosphorus removal limit and the scheduled simultaneous precipitation were also ascertained.

Offshore Claims and Problems in the North Sea

1965 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Young
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The North ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Economic Considerations

The possible presence of very large petroleum and natural gas reserves in the area beneath the North Sea is currently the subject of intense investigation. If confirmed, as seems likely in at least some localities, this occurrence will raise legal problems of considerable interest and complexity. For the North Sea is not merely an oilfield covered by water: for centuries it has been one of the world's major fishery regions and the avenue to and from the world's busiest seaports. Thus all three of the present principal uses of the sea—fishing, navigation, and the exploitation of submarine resources—promise to meet for the first time on a large scale in an area where all are of major importance. The process of reconciling the various interests at stake will provide the first thoroughgoing test of the adequacy and acceptability of the general principles laid down in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf and should add greatly to the practice and precedents available in this developing branch of the law. In the present article an attempt is made to review some of the geographical and economic considerations involved in the North Sea situation, to note some of the technical and legal developments that have already taken place, and to consider these elements in the light of the various interests and legal principles concerned.

scholarly journals XV. Some observations on the peculiarity of the tides between Fairleigh and the North Foreland; with an explanation of the supposed meeting of the tides near Dungeness

1819 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Subject

Having observed that several Charts and Books of Navi­gation assert, that the tides from the North Sea and the Channel, or the Eastern and Western tides, meet in the vicinity of Dungeness and Rye harbour ; and that, on such authority, this opinion has been too generally adopted by those, who have not had the opportunity or the inclination of making personal observations ; as well as by the pilots on this part of the coast, who from being incapable, for the most part, of making observations or deducing inferences from facts before them, readily embrace the first theory they meet with in print , however erroneous or inconsistent ; I have been induced to bestow all the attention in my power to the phænomena of the tides between Fairleigh and the North Foreland, and now venture to submit the result of my observations to the notice of the Royal Society. From having cruised constantly within these limits for nearly two years and a half, I have had many opportunities of making observations ; but I must, nevertheless, profess my readi­ness to admit any alteration or improvement which may be pointed out by those more conversant with the subject; truth alone being the object of my enquiries.

scholarly journals Experimental Water Treatment Plant from Agrozootechnical Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Iulian Florin Voicea ◽  
Ioana Corina Moga ◽  
Eugen Marin ◽  
Dragoş Dumitru ◽  
Cătălin Persu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Country Level

According to the existing statistical data at the country level, over 65% of the wastewater (rural from agricultural livestock farms) is discharged without purification, 61% are insufficiently purified and only 10-15% are properly purified. The pollution effect of wastewater not purified or insufficiently purified on surface waters, is mainly manifested by the content of suspended matter, of organic matter, in nutritional salts, ammonium and in pathogenic microorganisms. It is well-known that the nutritional salts of nitrogen and phosphorus cause the eutrophication of surface waters, with the effect of consuming the dissolved oxygen needed to sustain the aquatic life. Ammonia is particularly toxic to aquatic life. Unsaturated or insufficiently purified wastewater pollutes groundwater, among others with nitrates, ammonium and bacteriologically. From the presented results, the purification of waste water is an essential requirement of the development of human civilization. Being a necessity with special social and ecological implications, the unitary regulation and the general provision of the necessary infrastructure is a priority, in this sense an article will be presented in an experimental treatment station that performs the collection of waste water from an agrozootechnical farm. The purification of water within this experimental model of treatment plant will be done autonomously from an energy point of view (electricity supply is carried out through a hybrid system based on photovoltaic panels and wind turbine), and the recovery. The use of purified water is done in a greenhouse, using a mixed irrigation system (dripping / spray irrigation).

Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants for the Reduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Schleswig-Holstein, FRG

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
C. F. Seyfried ◽  
E. Dammann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

In order to solve the problems occurring in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, programmes for the reduction of nutrients in wastewater treatment plants were initiated in the Schleswig-Holstein region. In 1988, all wastewater treatment plants with capacities greater than 17 000 population equivalents were upgraded for phosphate reduction, to give effluent concentrations of less than 2 mg P/l. By 1995, standard values of Ntot < 10 mg/l and P < 0.5 mg/l are expected. Designs for the expansion of several wastewater treatment plants are presented in this paper. In particular, the problems which result from seasonal peaks, high phosphorus concentrations, and the combination of trickling filter and activated sludge processes are discussed.

Long Term Trends in the Occurrence of Phaeocystis Sp. in the North-East Atlantic

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J.P. Owens ◽  
D. Cook ◽  
M. Colebrook ◽  
H. Hunt ◽  
P.C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Flagellate Algae

The effects of nutrient enrichment of natural water bodies range from small increases in plant biomass and production, to gross deterioration of water quality. The input of nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus) to the sea off NW Europe (especially the North Sea) has increased dramatically over the last three or four decades (Folkard & Jones, 1974; Bennekom et al., 1975; Postma, 1978; Cadee, 1986a) but there is uncertainty about the effects on the ecosystem. One possible effect might be to induce changes in the phytoplankton community. Such an effect has been reported for the North Sea, where increases in flagellate algae have been observed (Gieskes & Kraay, 1977; Postma, 1985; Cadee, 1986b; Batje & Michaelis, 1986). Phaeocystis is one such alga, and its purported involvement in the formation of large quantities of foam, observed on European beaches (Batje & Michaelis, 1986; Weisse et al, 1986), together with evidence that the alga is a source of atmospheric sulphur compounds (Barnard et al, 1984) (with implications for atmospheric acidity), has attracted particular attention and concern

The North Sea: source or sink for nitrogen and phosphorus to the Atlantic Ocean?

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Brion ◽  
Willy Baeyens ◽  
Sandra De Galan ◽  
Marc Elskens ◽  
Remy W.P.M. Laane
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Wastewater treatment in a company with advanced demands for water quality

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
D. Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The North ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Separate System

The result of the North Sea Conference 1987 in London was the 50% reduction of dangerous and nutritive substances before 1995. To reach that aim the wastewater treatment plants discharging to the river Elbe were subjected to more severe discharge standards. In our case the company could also use the publicly owned treatment plant of Hamburg and so we were in direct competition with that plant. After several conferences with the client and the water authority we began the planning. The treatment plant also includes removal of nitrogen in the last stage and phosphorus in the biological stage (not only with chemicals). Another difficulty was that only a small area between the dam of the Elbe with a street alongside and the offices was available. So we had to plan a very compact treatment plant. To avoid the emission of odours the plant was completely housed. As in other factories we also had the problem that on weekends and during the holidays very little water is flowing to the plant. The sewage system collected the wastewater in one system and stormwater in another. Since the area is flat, several pumpstations transport the water. So we planned a modular system with sieve screen and three SBR reactors to use it further as cascaded activated sludge tanks with predenitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal. The sludge treatment was realized as an aerobic thermophilic process in a separate tank. To improve matters we also installed a computer for process control. The influent concentrations are higher than municipal wastewater which is conditioned by the separate system of transportation without infiltration water. For example COD influent concentrations are about 1500 mg/l, NH4-N about 130 mg/l and total phosphorus Ptot about 17 mg/l. The results we obtained in the plant are presented in this paper.

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