modular system
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Meltzer ◽  
Jonathan Dyce ◽  
Christopher S. Leasure ◽  
Sherman O. Canapp

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12110
Author(s):  
Kyong Min Ro ◽  
Min Sook Kim ◽  
Chang Geun Cho ◽  
Young Hak Lee

In modular structures, prefabricated modular units are joined at the construction site. Modular structures must ensure splicing performance by connecting modular units sufficiently. The bolted connection using steel plates may suffer from alignment issues and corrosion problems. In a precast concrete (PC) modular system, there is difficulty grouting the sleeves when splicing reinforcing bars. This study proposed a PC modular beam using a bolted connecting plate to deal with issues in typical steel modules and PC modules. The structural performance was evaluated by flexural and shear tests on two monolithic beams and two proposed PC specimens. The test results showed that the structural performance of the PC modular specimen was 88% of that of the monolithic reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimen and 102% of the strength calculated by ACI 318-19. Therefore, the proposed PC modular system using bolted connecting plates can solve the problems observed in typical steel and PC modules and improve the structural performance.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Patrick Rowan

<p>This paper identifies and discusses designing interior building dynamics that, through user interaction, can be physically manipulated and maneuvered to suit a changing situation in spatial requirements/preferences. Designers have partially realised this architectural vision through both mobile and dynamic interior elements, and relocatable construction systems. Here lies the potential for a digitally manufactured modular system for spatial dynamics, providing interactive interior architecture with embedded spatial fluidity. Providing occupants of these interior spaces with the capacity to determine the spatial conditions how and when they require. Leveraging modern digital fabrication techniques like CNC timber milling and consideration of factors such as assembly/disassembly, this thesis explores ideas of tactility and kinetics of interior space and how the user interactions can exact spatial change. This research develops a modular tectonic language, with low operational - mechanical and construction - complexity. A manipulatable interior tectonic such as this would be possible to complement existing structures or other fixed designed architectural elements to provide an enhanced level of building function through a immediately influenceable spatial conditions. The research undertaken explores a series of experimental modular prototypes, each a unique response for spatial dynamics.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Patrick Rowan

<p>This paper identifies and discusses designing interior building dynamics that, through user interaction, can be physically manipulated and maneuvered to suit a changing situation in spatial requirements/preferences. Designers have partially realised this architectural vision through both mobile and dynamic interior elements, and relocatable construction systems. Here lies the potential for a digitally manufactured modular system for spatial dynamics, providing interactive interior architecture with embedded spatial fluidity. Providing occupants of these interior spaces with the capacity to determine the spatial conditions how and when they require. Leveraging modern digital fabrication techniques like CNC timber milling and consideration of factors such as assembly/disassembly, this thesis explores ideas of tactility and kinetics of interior space and how the user interactions can exact spatial change. This research develops a modular tectonic language, with low operational - mechanical and construction - complexity. A manipulatable interior tectonic such as this would be possible to complement existing structures or other fixed designed architectural elements to provide an enhanced level of building function through a immediately influenceable spatial conditions. The research undertaken explores a series of experimental modular prototypes, each a unique response for spatial dynamics.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Irvine

<p>The construction industry accounts for 23% of global CO₂ emissions each year¹. Coupled with contemporary pressures of urbanisation, there is demand for increased density construction². To improve the relationship the industry has with the environment it must reconsider its construction methods and material choices. Engineered timber is a sustainable and structural solution for these issues.  Commonly when building with engineered timber, traditional construction methodologies are applied. The material is simply used as a replacement for steel and concrete and does not explore the tectonic opportunities available. This results in the same monolithic multi-story buildings.  This research portfolio offers a new approach to flexible modular housing using cross-laminated timber (CLT). It is researched through an adaptable urban housing complex. It explores the tectonics of CLT and develops a diverse design language that offsets how the material has been traditionally used.  The design research was conducted through a series of design-led experiments comprised of four key phases; the problem, the exploration, the parts and the test. The problem researched key issues around CLT. This highlighted current deficiencies in the design of timber medium-density housing in New Zealand. The research explores the specific tectonics of CLT as an engineered timber product. Developing a series of components that can be assembled on various urban sites. This process translated into a singular site-specific test in Te Aro, Wellington.  The implications of this research are to provide an alternative approach to urban medium-density housing using engineered timber technology. The result of this process is the design of a modular system of interlocking dwellings that can be optimized to site and that optimise the visual and spatial opportunities of engineered timber. Offsetting the current design language of medium-density timber buildings and proposing visual and spatial improvements to inner-city living in New Zealand.  ¹ (Huang, Krigsvoll, Johansen, Liu, & Zhang, 2018) ² (Wellington City Council, 2015.)</p>


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 3056
Author(s):  
Georgios Tsalmpouris ◽  
George Tsinarakis ◽  
Nikolaos Gertsakis ◽  
Savvas A. Chatzichristofis ◽  
Lefteris Doitsidis

STEM education is of paramount importance, especially in the lower levels of education, and it has been proven beneficial for students in many ways. Although there are various tools available, there are significant drawbacks mainly related to the cost and the ease of use. In this study, we introduce a new low-cost educational framework oriented toward elementary and secondary educational needs. The proposed system exploits open tools and low-cost devices. The system’s core is based on the popular Arduino microcontroller, a low-cost device supported by a large community. The overall system was designed and developed, providing an expandable, modular system of low complexity suitable for students with no or low prior knowledge in related subjects, among others, to programming, embedded devices, sensors and actuators, as well as robotics. Our scope was to provide a system with a small learning curve. Practically, this makes it possible in a short amount of time for the students to perform appealing yet straightforward tasks which will boost their self-confidence and creativity, improve their technical skills and simultaneously provide a system with several capabilities usable in different kinds of projects. The introduced system was tested through a preliminary study using flow theory in a team of 68 students of the three last grades in an elementary school in Greece.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Irvine

<p>The construction industry accounts for 23% of global CO₂ emissions each year¹. Coupled with contemporary pressures of urbanisation, there is demand for increased density construction². To improve the relationship the industry has with the environment it must reconsider its construction methods and material choices. Engineered timber is a sustainable and structural solution for these issues.  Commonly when building with engineered timber, traditional construction methodologies are applied. The material is simply used as a replacement for steel and concrete and does not explore the tectonic opportunities available. This results in the same monolithic multi-story buildings.  This research portfolio offers a new approach to flexible modular housing using cross-laminated timber (CLT). It is researched through an adaptable urban housing complex. It explores the tectonics of CLT and develops a diverse design language that offsets how the material has been traditionally used.  The design research was conducted through a series of design-led experiments comprised of four key phases; the problem, the exploration, the parts and the test. The problem researched key issues around CLT. This highlighted current deficiencies in the design of timber medium-density housing in New Zealand. The research explores the specific tectonics of CLT as an engineered timber product. Developing a series of components that can be assembled on various urban sites. This process translated into a singular site-specific test in Te Aro, Wellington.  The implications of this research are to provide an alternative approach to urban medium-density housing using engineered timber technology. The result of this process is the design of a modular system of interlocking dwellings that can be optimized to site and that optimise the visual and spatial opportunities of engineered timber. Offsetting the current design language of medium-density timber buildings and proposing visual and spatial improvements to inner-city living in New Zealand.  ¹ (Huang, Krigsvoll, Johansen, Liu, & Zhang, 2018) ² (Wellington City Council, 2015.)</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yu Han Geline Lim

<p>This was a self-directed project inspired by personal concerns of ageing family members attempting to access high spaces at home, set in a wider context of a country, New Zealand, which has a rapidly ageing population. This is a research report on developing and commercialising innovations to enable safety and independence for ageing consumers, with a specific focus on safer access to high places at home. In essence, the purpose of the project was to identify a product concept or concepts based on consumer needs and preferences, which could be realistically developed and commercialised, in the context of the New Zealand market. Due to time and resource constraints, the scope of the research was focused on identifying potential commercially viable opportunities and setting the foundation for future business development after the thesis, and did not aim to produce any physical product prototypes for testing. To embark on this project was important as it sought to recognise needs desired by seniors that may have been neglected and to advocate a more inclusive design in home tools.  The methodology employed was based on social constructionism, underpinned by grounded theory, and thus, was mainly qualitative in the form of semi-structured interviews. However, some minor quantitative components were included such as a final online survey consisting of closed questions. The research design was also influenced by the Business Canvas Model framework, in which theories on ageing and concepts from Consumer Behaviour and business strategy were integrated. 40 face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from different stakeholder categories. A final online survey was administered with 21 responses from the initial 40 participants. All research data were then further analysed based on the Business Model Canvas framework to assess potential innovation and commercialisation opportunities in New Zealand.  The key findings were that an improved step ladder offered as a modular system where additional features could be added on was desired. The research highlighted the importance of developing a collaborative business model focusing on co-creating solutions for older consumers, with consumers. A step ladder concept titled Simple Steps and a new brand called HOMFI (Home Objects Made for Independence) was proposed. More research should be conducted with a larger group of participants to obtain a stronger quantifiable validations for a business case before actual resource investments. More developmental work has to be done, such as developing a functioning product prototype to be tested. A major implication for this project is the need to develop tools with the needs of older people in mind. This project could also set the foundation for potential future research in a global context, possibly enabling a similar study to be replicated in another country for the purpose of pursuing a global business strategy.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yu Han Geline Lim

<p>This was a self-directed project inspired by personal concerns of ageing family members attempting to access high spaces at home, set in a wider context of a country, New Zealand, which has a rapidly ageing population. This is a research report on developing and commercialising innovations to enable safety and independence for ageing consumers, with a specific focus on safer access to high places at home. In essence, the purpose of the project was to identify a product concept or concepts based on consumer needs and preferences, which could be realistically developed and commercialised, in the context of the New Zealand market. Due to time and resource constraints, the scope of the research was focused on identifying potential commercially viable opportunities and setting the foundation for future business development after the thesis, and did not aim to produce any physical product prototypes for testing. To embark on this project was important as it sought to recognise needs desired by seniors that may have been neglected and to advocate a more inclusive design in home tools.  The methodology employed was based on social constructionism, underpinned by grounded theory, and thus, was mainly qualitative in the form of semi-structured interviews. However, some minor quantitative components were included such as a final online survey consisting of closed questions. The research design was also influenced by the Business Canvas Model framework, in which theories on ageing and concepts from Consumer Behaviour and business strategy were integrated. 40 face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from different stakeholder categories. A final online survey was administered with 21 responses from the initial 40 participants. All research data were then further analysed based on the Business Model Canvas framework to assess potential innovation and commercialisation opportunities in New Zealand.  The key findings were that an improved step ladder offered as a modular system where additional features could be added on was desired. The research highlighted the importance of developing a collaborative business model focusing on co-creating solutions for older consumers, with consumers. A step ladder concept titled Simple Steps and a new brand called HOMFI (Home Objects Made for Independence) was proposed. More research should be conducted with a larger group of participants to obtain a stronger quantifiable validations for a business case before actual resource investments. More developmental work has to be done, such as developing a functioning product prototype to be tested. A major implication for this project is the need to develop tools with the needs of older people in mind. This project could also set the foundation for potential future research in a global context, possibly enabling a similar study to be replicated in another country for the purpose of pursuing a global business strategy.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah Groom

<p>What happens when the home expects the unexpected?  Since the beginning of the current housing price rise in 2012, homeownership in New Zealand has become increasingly difficult. The desire to enter the property market has been impeded by the unsuitability of current housing stock that no longer meets the needs of the modern household.  While it is widely accepted by economists, yet denied by politicians, New Zealand is amid a housing crisis. The government is addressing the issue by introducing a means to allow housing to be produced more quickly. This new housing is expected to mitigate the issues surrounding a shortage of land and population increase, by developing a large proportion of new developments in the classification of medium density housing.  With a shortfall of 10,000 houses per annum, the current situation presents an opportunity to reassess how medium density housing (MDH) is configured in New Zealand. To break the cycle of housing stock rendering itself unsuitable in the future, this thesis aims to investigate how housing could be designed to allow for change over time.  All age groups stand to benefit from a home that is carefully planned and considers their lifetime needs. An established design framework enables the prefabricated modular system to adapt, reflecting the lifetime requirements of its occupants.  The outcome is an innovative, alternate design solution that considers the wellbeing of occupants through a lifetime design approach, offering adaptability and efficient production through prefabrication.   A home that expects the unexpected.</p>


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