Evaluation of phosphorus removal in anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic system - via polyhydroxyalkonoates measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Chuang ◽  
C. F. Ouyang ◽  
H. C. Yuang ◽  
S. J. You
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Loading Condition ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Process

Accumulating and utilizing PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates), i.e. a major carbon reserve of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), is a prerequisite for phosphorus removal in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system. To evaluate phosphorus removal, this study investigates the behavior of PHAs in a hybrid anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process, operating under various sludge retention times (5, 10, 12 and 15 days) and dissolved oxygen conditions (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l in aerobic stage). PHAs and phosphorus measurements in the pilot-scale experiments demonstrate that the PHAs content of sludge closely relates to phosphorus release and uptake behavios under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The aerobic specific-phosphorus-uptake-rate is directly proportional to PHAs content of sludge in the anoxic stage. When the process is under a high organic loading condition, the sludge exhibits a large amount of PHAs having accumulated in the anoxic stage and a high phosphorus uptake rate in the subsequent aerobic stage. However, experimental results confirm that anoxic phosphorus release, leading to a high concentration of phosphorus flow into the aerobic stage, causes deficient phosphorus removal under a high organic loading condition. Moreover, a low PHAs content of sludge causes incomplete phosphorus removal; the phenomenon occurs when the process is under a low organic loading condition. Based on the results presented herein, we can conclude that the organic loading should be carefully controlled for phosphorus removal in the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process.

Biological phosphorus uptake in submerged biofilters with nitrogen removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Gonçalves ◽  
L. Le Grand ◽  
F. Rogalla
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

This paper introduces biological phosphorus removal (Bio-P) from wastewater on a submerged biofilter. Pilot scale research was carried out over a period of two years using a floating upflow aerated filter, originally designed for nitrification and denitrification of sewage. The factors which influence Bio-P on fixed film processes and the possible biofilter configurations which eliminate C, N and P are discussed. The procedures are applicable to all types of treatment plants using biofilters, both new and already in existence, making no distinction between the different processes available today, co-current and counter-current filters. Biological phosphorus removal can be associated to the different treatment levels required: organic matter removal; secondary nitrification secondary nitrification and denitrification. For the third option - complete nutrient removal, treatment is completed with a hydraulic retention time in the filter bed of under four hours. Because of the simultaneous filtration with effluent SS below 10 mg/l, low phosphorus residuals can be achieved by Bio-P alone. The modifications required for setting up this operating procedure on any treatment plant are presented.

Effect of Internal Recycle Ratio on the Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic (A2/O) to Low Concentration of Organic Substance Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 688-691
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Ying He Jiang ◽  
Bo Fu Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Recycle Ratio ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In the pilot-scale plant, the effect of internal recycle ratios (300%, 200%, 100%, and 0%) on the biological phosphorus removal was represented. The denitrifying phosphorus removal in anoxic tank was improved with low internal recycle, under the inhibition of high concentration of NOx-N. To low level strength wastewater (average COD 185.6 mg/L, average BOD 115.2 mg/L), the low level carbon source maintained the relatively steady phosphorus removal rates.

The Effect of Organic Compounds on Biological Phosphorus Removal

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Abu-ghararah ◽  
C. W. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Removal System

The effect of influent organic compounds on the performance of a biological nutrient removal system was investigated using a pilot plant system operated as a UCT (University of Cape Town) process. The system was fed domestic sewage and operated at a sludge age of 13 days. The effects of separate addition of formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, and isovaleric acid on phosphorus release under anaerobic conditions, and phosphorus uptake under aerobic conditions, were studied. The effects of the organic acid additions on the removal of nitrogen and COD, and changes in SOUR and MLSS, were also studied. All added substrates, except formic acid, caused significant increases in phosphorus release in the anaerobic stage, and subsequent phosphorus uptake in the aerobic stage with an increase in phosphorus removal efficiency. It was also found that the branched organic acids, isobutyric and isovaleric, caused more phosphorus release in the anaerobic stage and better phosphorus removal efficiencies in the system, compared with the nonbranching forms of the same organic acids. The most recent biochemical model, proposed by Comeau et al. (1986) and Wentzel et al. (1986) was also tested using the data collected in this investigation. Both models, in most cases, overestimated the ratios of phosphorus release to volatile fatty acid utilized. All added substrates caused no change in either COD or TKN removals. For engineering applications, it is suggested by this research, that at least 20 mg COD equivalent of acetic acid is needed for the removal of 1 mg phosphorus.

Biological Phosphorus Removal Combined with Ferrous Chemical Phosphorus Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3339-3342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Fan ◽  
Han Hu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Chemical phosphorus removal is widely applied to enhance the biological phosphorus removal in order to meet the discharge requirement. Performance change caused by ferrous sulfate was investigated in this study. Compared to the control system which was not chemically dosed, pH and SVI slightly decreased while conductivity increased. The correlation between phosphorus and conductivity was weakened. The release and uptake of potassium declined, illustrating a negative impact of chemical precipitant on phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO). The phosphorus uptake decreased while phosphorus release fluctuated. The phosphorus was not suitable for revealing the metabolic activity of PAO due to formation of ferric phosphate and ferric hydroxide.

Effect of nitrate on phosphorus release in biological phosphorus removal systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuba ◽  
A. Wachtmeister ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J. J. Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Polyphosphate Degradation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The effect of nitrate on phosphorus release by biological phosphorus removing organisms has been studied. Denitrifying (DPB) or aerobic phosphorus removing bacteria were enriched in an anaerobic-anoxic or anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The enrichment sludges were used in batch tests, in which the effect of simultaneous presence of substrate (HAc) and nitrate was studied on the phosphorus release. It could be concluded that a reduction of the phosphorus release by nitrate in biological phosphorus removal systems is partly due to the presence of DPB, which utilize HAc for denitrification, not for phosphorus release. PHB (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) was always produced and phosphorus was released by DPB sludge when nitrate and HAc were simultaneously present. The reducing power (NADH2) and the energy (ATP) for this process seemed to be obtained from HAc oxidation by nitrate as well as from polyphosphate degradation. After removal of the HAc, PHB degradation and phosphorus uptake occurred.

Inhibitory effect of copper on enhanced biological phosphorus removal

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangxue Wu ◽  
Michael Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Uptake Coefficient ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Copper inhibition of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was examined in batch experiments under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Inhibition was represented by both acetate uptake and phosphorus release coefficients under anaerobic conditions, and by a phosphorus uptake coefficient under aerobic conditions. The results showed that copper inhibition of EBPR occurred mainly during aerobic phosphorus uptake and a first-order phosphorus uptake coefficient can be better used to describe the inhibition effect. For the aerobic phosphorus uptake using the EBPR activated sludge, (i) copper inhibition started at 0.07 mg/l, (ii) 50% and 100% inhibition occurred at 0.30 mg/l and 0.53 mg/l, respectively, and (iii) the inhibition constant was 0.48 mg/l.

Recovery of biological phosphorus removal after periods of low organic loading

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Temmink ◽  
B. Petersen ◽  
S. Isaacs ◽  
M. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
High Phosphate

Activated sludge plants for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) are often disturbed by short periods of low organic loading. Depending on the exact nature of the disturbance this may result in a partial or complete depletion of the internal PHB stores. PHB and phosphate measurements in a pilot-scale EBPR process show that recovery from such disturbances is slow and temporarily results in high phosphate concentrations. The measurements strongly suggest that the main reason for this slow recovery is a dependency of P-uptake on a slowly rising level of PHB. In a number of batch experiments this dependency of P-uptake on PHB was clearly shown. Also, based on the results of these batch experiments, a more detailed analysis was made of the effect of organic loading and aeration time on EBPR recovery. It is concluded that to obtain EBPR recovery, the aeration time should be carefully adjusted to the organic loading, particularly if the organic loading is low.

Biological phosphorus removal at Stratford upon Avon, UK: the effect of influent wastewater characteristics on effluent phosphate

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Upton ◽  
Elaine Hayes ◽  
John Churchley
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Severn Trent as part of their wastewater development strategy have built a full scale biological nutrient removal plant at Stratford-upon-Avon, where Mainstream and Sidestream Phostrip® processes are studied. The plant, designed to treat 5000 m3/d, was commissioned in November 1993 and whilst the Phostrip® plant has consistently achieved the target level of 1 mg/l P, the UCT plant is able to achieve this standard only with the addition of fermenter liquor containing sufficient concentrations of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA). Enforced decommissioning of the sludge fermenter provided an interesting period of study when both the anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake deteriorated as the concentration of combined phosphate in the polyP biomass fell steadily to a level of less than 3% phosphorus. Effluent performance was restored following subsequent recommissioning of the sludge fermenter and the authors conclude that the Stratford sewage, despite having a BOD:P ratio greater than 20 and considered a strong sewage, still required the addition of SCFA for consistent phosphorus removal. The authors conclude that SCFA addition to mainstream Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Plants (EBPR) is required to maintain the poly P sludge in satisfactory condition to both release and uptake phosphorus and meet the UWWTD standard of 1 mg/l P.

Continuous Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Biofilm Reactor

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2027-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Gonçalves ◽  
F. Rogalla
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Limiting Parameters ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Mechanisms for biological phosphorus removal from wastewaters in an upflow granular aerated filter are evaluated. The feasibility of excess phosphorus uptake on fixed bacteria is demonstrated on pilot scale and the limiting parameters are established. The influence of the duration of anaerobic and aerobic states and of substrate loadings on phosphorus removal is verified, as well as the impact of alternating aeration on nitrification. Because bacteria are attached, hydraulic retention time of biomass and water can be separated and the exposure of bacteria to anaerobic or aerated conditions can be optimised.

Biological Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater by Anaerobic-Anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactor

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuba ◽  
G. Smolders ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J. J. Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In this study an anaerobic-anoxic SBR (sequencing batch reactor) was used in order to investigate the possibility of phosphorus removal utilizing nitrate as an electron acceptor, instead of oxygen in biological phosphorus removal processes. The reactor was supplied with synthetic wastewater, in which acetic acid (HAc) and phosphate were added at concentrations of 400 mg-COD/l and 15 mg-P/l. A conventional anaerobic-aerobic SBR was also operated to compare with the anaerobic-anoxic SBR. The objectives of this research are to examine (i) feasibility and stability of the systems, (ii) kinetics and stoichiometry of phosphorus release and uptake. The anaerobic-anoxic SBR operation resulted in a stable phosphorus removal and accumulation of phosphorus removing bacteria using nitrate as an electron acceptor. Immediately after inoculation from a phosphorus removing plant (Renpho system) phosphorus uptake was observed, indicating that phosphorus removing bacteria which are able to utilize nitrate were already present in conventional phosphorus removing sludge. Comparison of stoichiometry and kinetics with the conventional anaerobic-aerobic SBR system shows a similar potential for phosphorus removal by denitrifying organisms. Therefore in the design of phosphorus removal processes one should not be afraid of nitrate, but use it.

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