Removal Efficiency of Three Cold-Climate Constructed Wetlands Treating Domestic Wastewater: Effects of Temperature, Seasons, Loading Rates and Input Concentrations

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Mæhlum ◽  
Per Stålnacke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Pre Treatment

This paper outlines the influence of temperature, flow rate and input concentrations on the treatment efficiency of organic matter and nutrients in constructed wetlands (CWs). Three integrated 10 PE systems with horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) treating domestic wastewater are described. Particular attention is devoted to: (1) aerobic pre-treatment in vertical-flow filters, (2) filter media with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, and (3) the treatment efficiency during winters. Aerobic pre-treatment followed by CW units including P sorption media removed most organic matter (BOD> 75%), P (> 90%) and total and ammonia N (40-80%). P retention was relatively stable in wetland filters, both with lightweight aggregates and ferruginous sand during 3-6 years of monitoring. Iron-rich sand from Bsh and Bs horizons of ferro-humic podzols was efficient for P sorption, but removal efficiencies of COD, TOC and SS were negative. The differences in efficiency between cold and warm periods were less than 10 percentage points for all parameters. It is anticipated that temperature effects are partially compensated by the large hydraulic retention time. The findings suggest that HSF systems do not require vegetation.

Cold-climate constructed wetlands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mæhlum ◽  
P. D. Jenssen ◽  
W. S. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Northern Latitudes

This paper outlines design considerations for constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow treating domestic wastewater in cold climates of northern latitudes. Particular attention is devoted to the use of a filter medium with high phosphorus adsorption capacity. Experience from two Norwegian multistage systems consisting of an aerobic pretreatment step followed by constructed wetland units indicates purification processes are nearly the same during winter and summer seasons, with quite high removal of organic matter (COD, BOD), phosphorus and nitrogen.

Use of dairy reject and fermented Aleo sp. Leaf Gel mixture in the biological Pre-treatment of landfill leachate

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasmi Mariam ◽  
Elleuch Lobna ◽  
Abidi Haifa ◽  
Cherni Yassmine ◽  
Hosni Cyrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Aloe Gel

Abstract In this study the biotreatability of Jebel Chakir landfill leachate (Tunisia) using a mixture of dairy industry reject (bactofugate) and Aloe sp. leaf gel was evaluated. The effect of Aloe gel fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain was investigated against some selected bacterial and fungal strains. The inoculation size effect of the treatment mixtures (2, 6, 10 and 12%) in the treatment efficiency was also studied. The obtained results showed that when natural Aloe gel and bactofugate mixtures were used the recorded chemical oxygen demand removal rates exceeded 56% within 48 h of treatment. Whereas, the use of the fermented Aloe gel in the treatment mixtures has promoted the organic matter removal to reach 72%.

Seeking a way to promote the use of constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zurita ◽  
M. A. Belmont ◽  
J. De Anda ◽  
J. R. White
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anthurium Andreanum ◽  
Strelitzia Reginae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the domestic wastewater treatment efficiency as well as the survivability of commercially valuable ornamental plants in subsurface flow wetlands (SSFW) for domestic wastewater (DWW) treatment in laboratory and pilot wetland studies. The laboratory scale study included five different species (Zantedeschia aethiopica, Strelitzia reginae, Anthurium andreanum, Canna hybrids and Hemmerocallis dumortieri) that were evaluated in horizontal flow subsurface treatment cells. All the plants survived during the 6-month experimental period demonstrating high wetland nutrient treatment efficiency. In order to validate and expand these preliminary results, a pilot-scale wetland study was carried out in SSFWs under two different flow regimes (horizontal and vertical flow). Four ornamental species were tested during a 1-year period: Zantedeschia aethiopica, Strelitzia reginae, Anthurium andreanum and Agapanthus africanus. The removal efficiencies were significantly higher in the vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) for all pollutants, except for nitrate (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total suspended solids (TSS). These results show that it is feasible to use select non-wetland plants with high market value in SSFWs without reducing the efficiency of the wastewater treatment system, although future work should continue in order to apply this technology in a large scale. The added value of floriculture in treatment wetlands can help to promote the use of constructed wetlands (CW) for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries where economical resources are scarce and water pollution with DWW is common.

Potential Use of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Northern Environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Jenssen ◽  
T. Mæhlum ◽  
T. Krogstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Cost Efficient

Constructed wetlands consist of soil filled beds with aquatic plants. Wastewater is treated when flowing through these beds. It has been questioned if constructed wetlands will be able to operate when subjected to cold conditions in sub arctic regions. Experience from Norway indicates that significant biological activity occurs at temperatures between 0 and 5°C, and that high removal rates of nutrients and organic matter are achieved in ponds and soil amended with wastewater at these temperatures. Results from using constructed wetlands in Denmark, Sweden and North America show that winter performance is not significantly reduced as compared to other seasons, but in order to obtain high removal of organic matter and nitrogen in cold climates aerobic pretreatment is probably a prerequisite. Cold climates may also require careful installation of larger and deeper systems with a longer detention time. Results of 15 months operation of a Norwegian multi-stage constructed wetland pilot plant optimised for nutrient removal, show 55% nitrogen and 98% phosphorus removal. The large phosphorus removal is obtained by using sand with a high content of iron oxides and a fabricated porous medium that has a high phosphorus adsorption capacity. It remains to be seen if long term cost efficient phosphorus removal can be obtained in constructed wetlands. The results indicate that properly designed constructed wetlands can operate satisfactorily in a cold climate. When adequate design criteria are developed several possible applications exist for these simple low maintenance systems as main treatment system, or in conjunction with other treatment methods.

Pre-Treatment of Municipal MBR Applications in Germany- Current Status and Treatment Efficiency

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Frechen ◽  
W. Schier ◽  
M. Wett
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment

Since mid 1999 MBR technology is introduced into domestic wastewater treatment in Germany. First wwtps went in operation performing a conventional mechanical treatment (covering screens, grit chambers and grease traps) without any advanced mechanical pre-treatment stage. After a short operation period module-clogging and hence module sludging was observed. Thus, mechanical pre-treatment was upgraded introducing sieves, first of all to reduce hairs and fibrous substances. But today knowledge is relatively poor concerning effectiveness and treatment efficiency of the whole bunch of aggregates that had been brought to market and vary e.g. in gap size and gap geometry. This paper gives the basics of sieving, the current status of mechanical pre-treatment on German municipal MBR plants and exemplifies an investigation to determine treatment efficiency of two different sieve aggregates.

Wastewater Treatment by Tropical Plants in Vertical-flow Constructed Wetlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kantawanichkul ◽  
S. Pilaila ◽  
W. Tanapiyawanich ◽  
W. Tikampornpittaya ◽  
S. Kamkrua
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pig Farm

A subsurface vertical-flow laboratory scale wetland system was designed to investigate the wastewater treatment efficiency by Vetiveria zizanioides Nash, a common grass in Thailand. Diluted pig farm wastewater was fed intermittently. The removal efficiencies in terms of organic carbon, nitrogen and suspended solids were satisfactory under hydraulic and organic loading rates of 36 mm/d and 55 kgCOD/ha.d, respectively. A comparison of the performance of the systems with Vetiveria zizanioides Nash and Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb. to treat domestic wastewater was made. It was found that both plants are suitable for wastewater treatment by vertical-flow constructed wetlands in tropical areas under hydraulic and organic loading rates within 121 mm/d and 198 kgCOD/ha.d, respectively.

scholarly journals Lampiran 1G Paper The Use of Pumice Amended with Sand Media for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands Planted with Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Media

The performance efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs) technology is primarily affected by the media material and the types of plants used. Recently, investigations into the usage of local materials and plants in CWs has increased. Pumice is a material which is potential used as a media. However, research on amendment of pumice with other media in CWs is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of pumice amended with sand media and planted with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) in CWs to remove organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients, and coliform. The adsorbents were characterized using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and XRF followed by adsorption experiments for PO4–P. Furthermore, Six vertical flow (VF) mesocosms with a diameter of 10.2cm and 55cm depth were established over six months. The treatments were based on percentage of sand media amended with pumice and planted with lemongrass. Furthermore, the barren media were applied to investigate the effect of lemongrass. The loading rate of domestic wastewater into the VF mesocosms was 2 L/day while inflows and outflows were determined for nutrients, organic matter, suspended solids and coliform. The adsorption of PO4–P followed the Langmuir model with adsorption capacity was 0.089 and 0.067 mol/g for pumice and sand, respectively. The results also showed that the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, NO3–N, NO2–N, PO4–P and total coliforms were in the range of 93.7–97.3 %, 52–83 %, 63–86 %, 51–74%, 81–88 % and 92–97 %, respectively. Based on the results, the highest removal efficiency was observed in the sand media amended with 50 % pumice and planted with lemongrass, while the lowest was found in the barren sand media.

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