Changes of toxicological properties of biodegradation products of anthracene and phenanthrene

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Traczewska
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Selenastrum Capricornutum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Biotransformation Products ◽  
Lebistes Reticulatus

The aim of this work was to determine toxicity and mutagenicity of anthracene and phenanthrene and their microbial biotransformation products. The following representatives of different trophic levels of aquatic biocenoses were selected for the toxicological tests: Selenastrum capricornutum, Lemna minor, Daphnia magna and Lebistes reticulatus. Mutagenic properties were determined by Ames test. Results of the analyses confirmed toxicity of studied PAHs for test organisms. Metabolites produced during biological degradation of anthracene and phenanthrene were also harmful for selected representatives of aquatic ecosystems.

Schistosoma mansoni:interference with cercarial host-finding by various aquatic organisms

1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ø. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Lebistes Reticulatus

ABSTRACTSchistosoma mansonicercariae labelled with75Se-methionine were used to study host-finding capacity by determining the radioactivity of exposed mouse “target” tails. Possible interfering effects of some aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, plants and algae and secretions and excretions of aquatic organisms were examined.A marked interferent effect due to predatory behaviour was produced byCyclops strenuus(Copepoda),Daphnia pulexandD. longispina(Cladocera),Notodromas monachaandCypria ophthalmica(Ostracoda) andLebistes reticulatus(guppy).Bufo bufo(Amphibia) andPlanaria lugubris(Turbellaria) interfered significantly, presumably by secreting cercaricidal toxins. Several other organisms apparently produced no interference. The interferent effect of the plant speciesCeratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Ranunculus aquaticus, Holcus lanatus(grass) andBotryococcus brauniiwas particularly pronounced when they were confined to the surface layer of the water. Several other species did not interfere with host-finding.

The Experimental Study on the UV Ballast Water Treatment System

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 704-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ming Dong ◽  
Shao Long Yang ◽  
Jin Yang Sun ◽  
Xin Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Circulation Volume

A UV ballast water treatment system was built in this paper. Nitzschiaclosteriumminutissima, Dunaliellasalina and Escherichia coli were selected as the test organisms to run the tests. The test results show that the inactivation ratio for the Escherichia colican close to 100%, when using 5UV lamps and the circulation volume was 5m3/h. While the inactivation ratio for the Nitzschiaclosteriumminutissima and Dunaliellasalina were 86.67% and 82.10%respectively. The investigation provides a better understanding of the UV ballast water treatment further.

scholarly journals Ranga bioindykacji w ekotoksykologii wód

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bioindication Methods

Bioindication methods are applied in ecotoxicological studies which in turn are widely used in the biological monitoring of surface water. Bioindication has been applied for a long time and so far it has created multiple classificationsbased on diagnosis groups of organisms. Bioindicators play a signi]cant role in bioindication; they are species used to monitor the health of the environment or ecosystem. Some of them are standard test organisms used in ecotoxicologyin the so-called bioassays, which provide a great deal of information about the type and in^uence of pollution. These studies are vital nowadays, as compounds have been found to be the greatest threat to aquatic ecosystems. In relation to ecotoxicology, research allows us to determine bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagni]cation factors, and to assess the ecological status of water used in many different indexes so as to determine such relevant parameters as saprobic, biological bio-diversity and biotic indexes. Poland is preparing for the extension of monitoring systems that take into account all the necessary elements of the environment, even the sediments. It is required by the Water Frame Directive.

scholarly journals Growth of duckweed upon exposure to aluminum and atrazine in the laboratory conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Thi My Chi Vo ◽  
Minh Phap Dao ◽  
Thanh Son Dao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Guideline Values

The trace metals and pesticides are commonly found in surface water receiving industrial and agricultural effluents. However, the potential negative effects of these compounds on aquatic ecosystems have not been deeply studied. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the single and combined effects of aluminum (Al) and atrazine on the development and growth rate of duckweed, Lemna minor L. The single exposures were implemented with either Al or atrazine at the concentration of 5, 50 and 500 µg L-1 and a binary exposure was conducted with 50 µg L-1 of Al and 5 µg L-1 of atrazine for two weeks. The results revealed that both Al and atrazine at the concentration of 500 µg L-1 strongly inhibited the development and growth rate of the duckweed. On the contrary, the mixture of Al and atrazine showed antagonistic effects on the plant. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the combined effects of these two contaminants on the duckweed. Therefore, our results could be useful for environmental managers in setting up and adjusting the safe guideline values in Vietnam for Al and atrazine in natural waters in term of ecological health protection. Kim loại nặng và thuốc trừ sâu thường được tìm thấy trong các nguồn nước mặt, nơi tiếp nhận nước thải công nghiệp và nông nghiệp. Tuy nhiên, những ảnh hưởng tiềm tàng mang tính tiêu cực của những hợp chất này đối với hệ sinh thái thủy vực chưa được nghiên cứu đầy đủ. Do đó, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá những ảnh hưởng riêng lẻ và kết hợp của nhôm (Al) và atrazine lên sự phát triển và tốc độ sinh trưởng của bèo tấm, Lemma minor L. Sự phơi nhiễm riêng lẻ với Al hoặc atrazine được thực hiện ở các nồng độ 5, 50 và 500 µg L-1, trong khi đó, quá trình phơi nhiễm kết hợp được tiến hành với Al tại nồng độ 50 µg L-1 và atrazine tại nồng độ 5 µg L-1 trong hai tuần. Kết quả cho thấy cả Al và atrazine ở nồng độ phơi nhiễm 500 µg L-1 kìm hãm mạnh mẽ sự phát triển và tốc độ sinh trưởng của bèo tấm. Ngược lại, sự kết hợp Al và atrazine dẫn kết tác động triệt tiêu trên bèo tấm. Theo sự hiểu biết của chúng tôi, đây là ghi nhận đầu tiên về những ảnh hưởng kết hợp của hai chất gây ô nhiễm này lên bèo tấm. Vì vậy, những kết quả này có thể hữu ích cho các nhà quản lý môi trường tại Việt Nam trong việc thiết lập và điều chỉnh các giá trị an toàn đối với Al và Atrazie trong môi trường nước tự nhiên về khía cạnh bảo vệ sức khỏe sinh thái.  

scholarly journals Small-scale convective turbulence constrains microbial patchiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Christensen ◽  
Matthew Piggott ◽  
Erik van Sebille ◽  
Maarten van Reeuwijk ◽  
Samraat Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Convective Turbulence ◽  
Scale Turbulence ◽  
Microbial Model

Abstract Microbes play a primary role in aquatic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Patchiness is a critical component of these activities, influencing biological productivity, nutrient cycling and dynamics across trophic levels. Incorporating spatial dynamics into microbial models is a long-standing challenge, particularly where small-scale turbulence is involved. Here, we combine a realistic simulation of turbulence with an individual-based microbial model to test the key hypothesis that the coupling of motility and turbulence drives intense microscale patchiness. We find that such patchiness is depth-structured and requires high motility: Near the fluid surface, strong convective turbulence overpowers motility, homogenising motile and non-motile microbes equally. In deeper, thermocline-like conditions, highly motile microbes are up to 1.6-fold more patch-concentrated than non-motile microbes. Our results demonstrate that the delicate balance of turbulence and motility that triggers micro-scale patchiness is not a ubiquitous consequence of motility, and that the intensity of such patchiness in real-world conditions is modest.

scholarly journals Toxicity of leachates from pilot reactors simulating a landfill with different concentrations of AgNP

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
Raphael Zanelato ◽  
Isabela da Cruz Bonatto ◽  
José Julio Barrios Restrepo ◽  
Rodrigo Costa Puerari ◽  
William Gerson Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

ABSTRACT This work’s objective was to verify the leachates toxicity from pilot reactors (PR) simulating a landfill containing different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Acute toxicity tests (48 h) with Daphnia magna were carried out in leachates containing 50, 150 and 450 mg AgNP.kg-1, in addition to a blank for control. Toxicity tests with the pure solution of silver nanoparticle and leachates resulted by the reactors were performed. The acute toxicity tests performed with D. magna confirmed the toxicity of the leachates, as well as confirmed that the silver nanoparticles are toxic, presenting EC50 (48 h) of 0.63 µg.L-1 of pure nanoparticle and ranging from 1.52 to 3.37% for the leachates. Overall, the results from the present study indicate that exposures of aquatic invertebrates to silver nanoparticles could have important ecological effects on lower trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. The results may contribute to a better understanding of the quality of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates, with reference to nanoparticle interference and consequent treatment efficiency.

Accumulation and Toxicity of Cadmium in Chironomus Thummi

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
L.A. Seidman ◽  
G. Bergtrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants ◽  
Chironomus Thummi

Heavy metal pollutants which enter aquatic ecosystems are of concern because: (1) Metals often accumulate in exposed organisms leading to biomagnification at higher trophic levels. (2) Fitness of aquatic populations may be decreased by sublethal exposures. We are investigating the mechanisms of cadmium accumulation and toxicity in daphnids (planktonic microcrustacea) and chironomid larvae (benthic dipteral. This report focuses on Chironomus thummi.

The estimation of pesticides toxicity with the help of zootest method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fylypchuk ◽  
Iryna Sytnikova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Pesticide Toxicity ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Test Objects

The following article is the result of biotesting of ecotoxicological danger of pesticides, which are used in gardening. Ten pesticide preparations were selected for the research, six of them are fungicides: flint-star, chorus, score, stroby, topsin-M and median-extra and four of them are insecticides: bi-58, calypso, mospilan and actara. Toxicity of pesticides was identified through analyzing ten times dilution (1:10) of the recommended solution specified by the manufacturer. Not less than three days old tap water served as control. Daphnia, Ostracoda and Danio were selected as test objects. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24 and 72 hours of exposure the number of dead animals was visually determined and the percentage of survival of testers was calculated. The toxicity of the pesticide preparations was considered as proven if the percentage of test organisms mortality rate was ≥50%. The scale of pesticide toxicity degree was developed, including the percentage of test organisms mortality during certain exposure time (up to 24 or 48 hours). It can be used to define its acute and toxic effect. According to the biotesting results, flint-star and score are the most toxic among the examined pesticide preparations fungicides for aquatic ecosystems, as they showed ultrahigh and high levels of toxicity for zootests. Carp fishes of the genus Danio showed greater sensitivity to the influence of fungicides and lower to insecticides, while for aquatic crustaceous Daphnia and Ostracoda these features were not detected. The sensitivity of the tested test objects to insecticides decreased in an order: Ostracoda sp.→Daphnia sp.→Danio sp. Comparing the sensitivity of aquatic crustaceous in the process of the pesticides biotesting, it was found out that Ostracoda sp. is more sensitive test object than Daphnia sp. Under the same conditions of biotesting, an absolute immobilization of ostracods is two times higher than the immobilization of Branchiopoda.

Batch-to-batch variation of Ames test results for S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 correlates with growth kinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. S97
Author(s):  
E.C. Forsten ◽  
K. Kauffmann ◽  
A. Schiwy ◽  
H. Hollert ◽  
J. Büchs
Keyword(s):  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Test Results
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