Treatment of phenolic wastewater using agricultural wastes as an adsorbent in a sequencing batch reactor

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-M. Lee ◽  
P.-E. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of the activated rice husk to be used as an alternative adsorbent to powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes under sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operation to treat synthetic wastewater containing phenol, p-methylphenol, p-ethylphenol and p-isopropylphenol. The rice husk (PRH) was activated by pyrolysis at 600°C for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Using the Langmuir model, the limiting adsorption capacities of PRH for the phenols were found to vary from 0.015-0.05 of those of PAC. The SBR reactors with and without adsorbent addition were operated with fill, react, settle, draw and idle periods in the ratio of 4:6:1:0.75:0.25 for a cycle time of 12 hours. For phenolic wastewater containing, 1,200 mg/L phenol, 1,200 mg/L p-methylphenol, 800 mg/L p-ethylphenol and 650 mg/L p-isopropylphenol, it was found that the biodegradation process alone was unable to produce effluent of quality which would satisfy the discharge standards of COD ≤ 100 mg/L and phenol concentration ≤1 mg/L. The addition of PAC in the ratio of PAC/phenolic compound at 0.095 g/g for phenol, 0.119 g/g for p-methylphenol, 0.179 g/g for p-ethylphenol and 0.220 g/g for p-isopropylphenol, can improve the effluent quality to satisfy the discharge standards. Equivalent treatment performance was achieved with the use of PRH at dosages of 2-3 times higher than those of PAC for all the phenolic wastewater studied. The increased adsorption capacity of PRH shown in the treatment indicates bioregeneration of the adsorbed surface during the treatment process.

Biodegradation of high strength phenolic wastewater using SBR

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Yoong ◽  
P. A. Lant
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
High Loading Rate ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Soluble Substrate

This investigation demonstrates the capability of a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to biodegrade an inhibitory substrate at a high loading rate. A SBR loading rate of 3.12 kg phenol.m3d-1 (2.1 g COD.g-1 MLVSS d-1) with a COD removal efficiency of 97% at a SRT of 4 days and a HRT of 10 hours was achieved; this rate was not reached before. The SBR was operated at 4 hours cycle, including 3 hours react phase. The synthetic wastewater of 1300 mg/L phenol was the sole carbon source. Oxygen uptake rates (OUR) were monitored in-situ at various stages of the SBR. The oxygen mass transfer coefficient, KLa, of 12.6 h-1 was derived from respirometry.Use of respirometry in SBR aided the tracking of the soluble substrate through OUR.

Excess nitrogen accumulation in activated sludge in sequencing batch reactor with a single-stage oxic process

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-ming Li ◽  
Dong-bo Wang ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Jian-bin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Excess Nitrogen

It was occasionally found that a significant nitrogen loss in solution under neutral pH value in a sequencing batch reactor with a single-stage oxic process using synthetic wastewater, and then further studies were to verify the phenomenon of nitrogen loss and to investigate the pathway of nitrogen removal. The result showed that good performance of nitrogen removal was obtained in system. 0–7.28 mg L−1 ammonia, 0.08–0.38 mg L−1 nitrite and 0.94–2.12 mg L−1 nitrate were determined in effluent, respectively, when 29.85–35.65 mg L−1 ammonia was feeding as the sole nitrogen source in influent. Furthermore, a substantial nitrogen loss in solution (95% of nitrogen influent) coupled with a little gaseous nitrogen increase in off-gas (7% of nitrogen influent) was determined during a typical aerobic phase. In addition, about 322 mg nitrogen accumulation (84% of nitrogen influent) was detected in activated sludge. Based on nitrogen mass balance calculation, the unaccounted nitrogen fraction and the ratio of nitrogen accumulation in sludge/nitrogen loss in solution were 14.6 mg (3.7% of nitrogen influent) and 0.89, respectively. The facts indicated that the essential pathway of nitrogen loss in solution in this study was excess nitrogen accumulation in activated sludge.

COD removal of phenolic wastewater by biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor in the presence of 2,4-DCP

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-R. Ha ◽  
L. Qishan ◽  
S. Vinitnantharat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater

Treatment performance of COD in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was explored by using a biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor (BAC-SBR) system. Two COD levels of basic substrate were synthesized with a mixture of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Although effluent concentration was increased with reduction of sludge retention time (SRT) from 8-days to 3-days, treatment efficiency was indicated more than 90% of COD in all SRTs applied. Reactors operated with acclimated sludge could be expected to cope with quite high loading of inhibitory substances.

scholarly journals Study of COD Removal Rate on a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Treating Tapioca Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Happy Mulyani ◽  
Gregorius Prima Indra Budianto ◽  
Margono Margono ◽  
Mujtahid Kaavessina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Cod Removal Rate

Industrial wastewater treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) can improve effluent quality at lower cost than that obtained by other biological treatment methods. Further optimization is still required to enhance effluent quality until it meets standard quality and to reduce the operating cost of treatment of high strength organic wastewater. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of pretreatment (pH adjustment and prechlorination) and aeration time on effluent quality and COD removal rate in tapioca wastewater treatment using SBR. Pretreatment was done by (1) adjustment of tapioca wastewater pH to control (4.92), 7, and 8, and (2) tapioca wastewater prechlorination at pH 8 during hour using calcium hypochlorite in variation dosages 0, 2, 4, 6 mg/L Cl2, SBR operation was conducted according to following steps: (1) Filling of pre-treated wastewater into a bioreactor during 1 hour, and (2) aeration of the mixture of tapioca wastewater and activated sludge during 8 hours. Effluent sample was collected at every 2-hours aeration for COD analysis. COD removal rate mathematical formula was got by first deriving the best fit function between aeration time and COD. Optimum aeration time resulting in no COD removal rate. The value of COD effluent and its removal rate in optimum aeration time was used to determine the recommended of operation condition of pretreatment. Research result shows that chosen pH operation condition is pH 8. Prechorination can make effluent quality which meets standard quality and highest COD removal rate. The chosen Cl2 dosage is 6 mg/L.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a pulsed sequencing batch reactor with anaerobic aggregated biomass for the treatment of low strength wastewaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Brito ◽  
A. C. Rodrigues ◽  
L. F. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Flow Turbulence ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Swept Volume

This study concerns an assessment of a SBR operation that associates anaerobic aggregated biomass with a pulsed action during the reaction phase, a system named Pulsed Sequencing Batch Reactor (P-SBR). The system uses a diaphragm pump as a pulsator unit to increase the liquid-solid contact, in order to avoid dead zones and possible external mass transfer resistance. A preliminary study of the operation of the reactor was performed with a low strength synthetic wastewater with a COD near 1000 mg.1−1 and a sub-optimal temperature of 22°C. A removal efficiency of 60-70% was attained after 5 and 6 hours of reaction time. The respective organic loads were 5 – 6 kg COD.m−3. day−1, thus supporting the feasibility of the P-SBR system for wastewater treatment in such conditions. The results also indicate that a ratio of 1.8%o between the swept volume delivered by the pump and the reactor volume was adequate to promote a flow turbulence in the sludge blanket and that a redox potential of near −400 mV was readily created by anaerobic bacteria after the reactor filling step.

scholarly journals Performance of the anammox sequencing batch reactor treating synthetic and real landfill leachate

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Tomaszewski ◽  
Grzegorz Cema ◽  
Tomasz Twardowski ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is one of the most energy efficient and environmentally-friendly bioprocess for the treatment of the wastewater with high nitrogen concentration. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the high nitrogen loading rate (NLR) on the nitrogen removal in the laboratory-scale anammox sequencing batch reactor (SBR), during the shift from the synthetic wastewater to landfill leachate. In both cases with the increase of NLR from 0.5 to 1.1 – 1.2 kg N/m3d, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) increases to about 1 kg N/m3d, but higher NLR caused substrates accumulation and affects anammox process efficiency. Maximum specific anammox activity was determined as 0.638 g N/g VSSd (NRR 1.023 kg N/m3d) and 0.594 g N/g VSSd (NRR 1.241 kg N/m3d) during synthetic and real wastewater treatment, respectively. Both values are similar and this is probably the nitrogen removal capacity of the used anammox biomass. This indicates, that landfill leachate did not influence the nitrogen removal capacity of the anammox process.

Performance of family-size sequencing batch reactor and rotating biological contactor units treating sewage at various operating conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Akunna ◽  
C. Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Effluent Quality

Field trials were carried out using two types of package units designed for the treatment of domestic sewage from individual households. One of the units was a commercially available rotating biological contactor (RBC) system. The other was a newly developed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Trials were carried at the site of a local sewage treatment plant where degritted raw sewage from a combined sewerage network was fed to the two units for a period of four months. Both units produced good effluent quality, well below 20/30 (BOD/SS) during steady-state performance. However, shorter start-up time was observed with the SBR unit together with better effluent quality (up to BOD<10 mg/l and SS<15 mg/l). Furthermore, the SBR unit produced effluents with ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus levels of 3 mg/l and 2 mg/l respectively, for influent levels that varied from 20 to 60 mg N-NH3/l and from 15 to 17 mg/l of total phosphorus. On the other hand, significant nutrient removal did not seem tohave occurred in the RBC unit. During testing to meet the requirements of British Standard (BS 6297), it was observed that the SBR can tolerate shockloads and periods following zero flow better than the RBC unit.

Efficient treatment of dairy processing wastewater in a laboratory scale Intermittently Aerated Sequencing Batch Reactor (IASBR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leonard ◽  
Emma Tarpey ◽  
William Finnegan ◽  
Xinmin Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Dairy Processing

This Research Communication describes an investigation into the viability of an Intermittently Aerated Sequencing Batch Reactor (IASBR) for the treatment of dairy processing wastewater at laboratory-scale. A number of operational parameters have been varied and the effect has been monitored in order to determine optimal conditions for maximising removal efficiencies. These operational parameters include Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), Solids Retention Time (SRT), aeration rate and cycle length. Real dairy processing wastewater and synthetic wastewater have been treated using three laboratory-scale IASBR units in a temperature controlled room. When the operational conditions were established, the units were seeded using sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for the first experiment, and sludge from a dairy processing factory for the second and third experiment. In experiment three, the reactors were fed on real wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant at this dairy processing factory. These laboratory-scale systems will be used to demonstrate over time that the IASBR system is a consistent, viable option for treatment of dairy processing wastewater in this sector. In this study, the capacity of a biological system to remove both nitrogen and phosphorus within one reactor will be demonstrated. The initial operational parameters for a pilot-scale IASBR system will be derived from the results of the study.

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