An assessment of the impact of the proposed EU bathing water directive on Irish coastal bathing area compliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chawla ◽  
K. Real ◽  
B. Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
The Impact

An assessment of the impact of the new microbial water quality standards of the proposed EU Bathing Water Directive on the classification of designated Irish coastal bathing areas is presented. The new standards are applied retrospectively to the microbial water quality results for the bathing seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001, and the outcome is compared with that recorded under the present Bathing Water Directive. A Microsoft EXCEL application was developed to generate the retrospective bathing area classifications according to the proposed Directive (Excellent, Good, Poor). It was found that the number of Irish coastal bathing areas not attaining ‘Excellent’ classification (as would be required at present for the Blue Flag award) was trebled; the number attaining ‘Good’ classification was increased by about 50%, and the number attracting ‘Poor’ classification (equivalent to ‘Fail’ under the present Directive) was increased nine-fold. Some of the shortcomings of the proposed Directive and suggestions for its revision are discussed.

Water-Related Tools for Climate Change Adaptation in the Flemish Region: The Art of Linking Water Quality Standards to Spatial Planning

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Peter De Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) establishes a framework for integrated water management and functions as a major legal frame for the protection of water bodies in Europe. In the Flemish Region the Directive has been implemented by the Decree of 18 July 2003 on Integral Water Policy. As climate change affects the quality and quantity status of water bodies, the question arises whether the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Flemish implementation legislation are well-suited to handle climate change impacts. Although climate change concerns are not explicitly incorporated in the text of the WFD and the Flemish Decree, this author believes that the main components for an effective adaptation strategy are included in the above mentioned legislation. More in particular, this is achieved by the environmental objectives which have to be elaborated in environmental quality standards (EQS) on the one hand, and the integrated approach on the other hand. Water quality management on the basis of a high level of protection of the aquatic environment is indispensable for adapting to climate change, as ecosystem-based adaptation is most cost-effective. Therefore spatial planning should integrate water quality concerns, as spatial planning may be critical for spatial quality and more specific for the achievement of the environmental objectives. Consequently this contribution focuses on the impact of water quality standards on permit decision-making and spatial planning. In this context some legal instruments anchored in the Flemish legislation on integral water policy will be highlighted, especially the 'watertoets' (translated as the water checkup), which may be useful to facilitate adaptation to climate change.

scholarly journals Comparing Source of Agricultural Contact Water and the Presence of Fecal Indicator Organisms on the Surface of ‘Juliet’ Grape Tomatoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONNA M. PAHL ◽  
ADRIANA TELIAS ◽  
MICHAEL NEWELL ◽  
ANDREA R. OTTESEN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER S. WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Fruit Surface

Consumption of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) has been implicated as the cause of several foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States, most notably in cases of salmonellosis. How the levels of fecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in water relate to the counts of these microorganisms on the tomato fruit surface is unknown, although microbial water quality standards exist for agricultural use. This study utilized four types of FIOs currently and historically used in microbial water quality standards (Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli) to monitor the water quality of two surface ponds and a groundwater source. The groundwater tested contained significantly lower counts of all FIOs than the two surface water sources (P < 0.05). Considerable variability in bacterial counts was found in the surface water sources over the course of the season, perhaps explained by environmental variables, such as water temperature, pH, precipitation, and air temperature (R2 of 0.13 to 0.27). We also monitored the fruit surface of grape tomatoes treated with overhead applications of the different water sources over the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. The type of water source and time of year significantly affected the populations of FIOs in irrigation water (P < 0.05). Despite up to 5-log differences in fecal coliforms and 3-log differences in E. coli between the water sources, there was little difference in the populations measured in washes taken from tomato fruits. This lack of association between the aforementioned FIOs present in the water samples and on the tomato fruit surface demonstrates the difficulty in developing reliable metrics needed for testing of agricultural water to ensure the effectiveness of food safety programs.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical analysis of part of the alluvial aquifer, Rupendehi District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Anusha Sharma Pandey ◽  
Kristine Walraevens
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Applied Geology

This study is mainly focused on detail hydrogeochemical study and water quality test of inorganic constitutes for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study area occupies part of the Siwalik and the Terai with total area of 331 sq. km. Total 30 samples were analysed at applied geology and hydrogeology laboratory, Ghent University, Belgium. The major cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+ and NH4+), anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, HCO3-, CO32-, PO43-, and OH-) and trace elements (F- and Br-) were measured. Results were treated using Piper diagram, Scatter diagram and Stuyfzand (1986) classification of groundwater. It showed that groundwater of the study area was slightly acidic to basic in nature. Ca2+ and Mg2+ and HCO3- were major cations and anion for all samples. The sources of these ions in the water were from dissolution of calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite CaMg (CO3)2. The amount of Na+ and K+ was from hydrolysis reaction of silicate minerals such as K-feldspar and Na-feldspar. Small concentration of SO4-2 was from oxidation of pyrite. Most of the samples (27 out of 30) were fresh, moderately hard, CaHCO3 water type with surplus of (Na++K++Mg2+). Water of the study area was found suitable both for drinking and irrigation purposes in accordance with WHO (2004) and National Drinking Water Quality Standards (2005).

scholarly journals Microbial Water Quality Conditions Associated with Livestock Grazing, Recreation, and Rural Residences in Mixed-Use Landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5207
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Derose ◽  
Leslie M. Roche ◽  
David F. Lile ◽  
Danny J. Eastburn ◽  
Kenneth W. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Mountainous Watersheds ◽  
Rural Residences

Contamination of surface waters with microbial pollutants from fecal sources is a significant human health issue. Identification of relative fecal inputs from the mosaic of potential sources common in rural watersheds is essential to effectively develop and deploy mitigation strategies. We conducted a cross-sectional longitudinal survey of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations associated with extensive livestock grazing, recreation, and rural residences in three rural, mountainous watersheds in California, USA during critical summer flow conditions. Overall, we found that 86% to 87% of 77 stream sample sites across the study area were below contemporary Escherichia coli-based microbial water quality standards. FIB concentrations were lowest at recreation sites, followed closely by extensive livestock grazing sites. Elevated concentrations and exceedance of water quality standards were highest at sites associated with rural residences, and at intermittently flowing stream sites. Compared to national and state recommended E. coli-based water quality standards, antiquated rural regional policies based on fecal coliform concentrations overestimated potential fecal contamination by as much as four orders of magnitude in this landscape, hindering the identification of the most likely fecal sources and thus the efficient targeting of mitigation practices to address them.

Impact of Overflow on Surface Water Quality in East Brabant, The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 277-278
Author(s):  
L. L. Bijlmakers ◽  
R. A. M. Dierx
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Impact

There are more than 900 overflow locations from the combined sewerage system in East Brabant, The Netherlands. The impact of overflow on surface water composition can be considerable, especially because of the characteristics of the water courses in the area. Consequently the water quality standards in force will not be reached. Two examples are examined in detail.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN DI RPH X, KOTA BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT (Wastewater Management of Slaughterhouse in Slaughterhouse X, Bogor City, West Java Province)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Irma Lubis ◽  
Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo ◽  
Roekmijati W. Soemantojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

ABSTRAKAir limbah Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dan gangguan pada masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di sekitar RPH. Sejak RPH X beroperasi pada tahun 2009, pengelolaan air limbah RPH X masih belum berjalan optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan air limbah RPH X masih dilihat sebagai materi yang tidak berguna dan dibuang. Saat ini, praktik pengelolaan air limbah RPH X dilakukan dengan menggabungkan semua air limbah kemudian air limbah tersebut diolah dengan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Riset ini mencoba menganalisis praktik pemotongan sapi, fasilitas RPH, pengelolaan air limbah RPH, kualitas air limbah RPH, dan dampak limbah RPH pada masyarakat. Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif, melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan uji laboratorium. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa praktik pemotongan sapi di RPH X termasuk kategori baik, fasilitas RPH X termasuk kategori kurang sesuai dengan persyaratan, pengelolaan air limbah RPH X belum berjalan optimal, kualitas air outlet IPAL telah memenuhi baku mutu, dan dampak limbah RPH X pada masyarakat berupa gangguan bau yang dirasakan oleh 100% responden dan gangguan kesehatan berupa mual yang dirasakan oleh 41% responden. Alternatif peningkatan dalam pengelolaan air limbah RPH yang dapat dilakukan adalah minimisasi air limbah melalui segregasi dan pemanfaatan air limbah RPH.Kata kunci:    Rumah Potong Hewan, praktik pemotongan sapi, fasilitas RPH, pengelolaan air limbah RPH, kualitas air limbah RPH, dampak limbah RPH, minimisasiABSTRACTWastewater of slaughterhouse is not managed optimally can cause environmental problems and disruption to communities living around the slaughterhouse. Since slaughterhouse X operates in 2009, wastewater management of the slaughterhouse X is not managed optimally. This is because the wastewater of the slaughterhouse X is seen as useless and discarded material. Currently, the wastewater management of the slaughterhouse X is carried out by mixing all of the wastewater and then the wastewater is treated by Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). This study analyzes practice of cattle slaughtering, slaughterhouse facilities, wastewater management, wastewater quality, impact of slaughterhouse waste. This study exercises quantitative and qualitative methods, through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and laboratory test. The results showed that the practice of cattle slaughtering was categorized into good, the slaughterhouse X facilities were categorized into less suitable, the wastewater management of slaughterhouse X is still not managed optimally, the wastewater quality of WWTP outlet is comply with water quality standards, and the impact of slaughterhouse waste to the communities living around the slaughterhouse is odor disruption felt by 100% of respondents and health issue are nauseous felt by 41% of respondents. An alternative to improving wastewater management of slaughterhouse is minimization through segregation and utilization of slaughterhouse wastewater.

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