Development of a groundwater biobarrier for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX, and heterocyclic hydrocarbons

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tiehm ◽  
A. Müller ◽  
S. Alt ◽  
H. Jacob ◽  
H. Schad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Tar Oil ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

A full scale funnel-and-gate biobarrier has been developed for the removal of tar oil pollutants at an abandoned tar factory site near the city of Offenbach, Germany. Laboratory and on-site column studies were done to determine the operation parameters for microbiological clean-up of the groundwater polluted with 12,000 μg/L mono- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and the xylenes, 4,800 μg/L polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and acenaphthene, and 4,700 μg/L heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzofuran and benzothiophene. In the laboratory study, a residence time of approx. 70 h proved to be sufficient for aerobic pollutant biodegradation. Up to 180 mg/L H2O2 were added and did not lead to any toxic effects to the degrading bacteria. The feasibility of the concept was confirmed in an on-site pilot study performed with a sedimentation tank (removal of ferric iron) and two bioreactors. In the bioreactors, >99.3% of the pollutants were degraded. Biodegradation activity corresponded to a significant increase in numbers of pollutant degrading bacteria. In the bioreactors, a fast dissociation of H2O2 was observed resulting in losses of oxygen and temporary gas clogging. Therefore, a repeated addition of moderate concentrations of H2O2 proved to be more favourable than the addition of high concentrations at a single dosing port. The full scale biobarrier consists of three separated bioreactors thus enabling extended control and access to the reactors. The operation of the funnel-and-gate biobarrier started in April 2007, and represents the first biological permeable reactive barrier with extended control (EC-PRB) in Germany.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of organic pollutants in the air of the city of Astana using solid phase microextraction

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Dina Orazbayeva ◽  
Ulzhalgas Karatayeva ◽  
Kulzhan Beysembayeva ◽  
Kulyash Meyramkulova
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
The City

Solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air of the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. The screening of the samples showed the presence of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and benzaldehydes. The concentrations of naphthalene were 5-7 times higher than the permissible value, it was detected in all studied air samples. Average concentration of naphthalene was 18.4 μg/m3, acenaphthylene – 0.54 μg/m3, acenaphthene – 1.63 μg/m3, fluorene – 0.79 μg/m3, anthracene – 3.27 μg/m3, phenanthrene – 0.22 μg/m3, fluorantene – 0.74 μg/m3, pyrene – 0.73 μg/m3. Average concentrations of BTEX in the studied samples were 31.1, 84.9, 10.8 and 11.6 μg/m3, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the concentrations of BTEX and PAH, the main source of city air pollution with them was assumed to be vehicle emissions.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of bacteria with multiple traits: Hydrocarbon degradation, antibiotic-resistant and metal tolerant

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3789-3795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Bhagat ◽  
Pranita Roy ◽  
Sohini Singh ◽  
Tanu Allen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Increasing soil pollution all over the world has instigated global concerns as enormous quantities of toxic chemicals and heavy metals like cadmium, lead, mercury, petrochemicals, insecticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorophenols are finding their way into the environment, affecting the land and soil, causing soil pollution and thus posing a threat and menace to health and well- being of people and ecosystem. The ubiquitous dissemination, low bioavailability, high perseverance of contaminants like poly-hydrocarbon and metals in soil have the potentially destructive effects to human health, envisages to study the biodegradation of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and PACs (polycyclic aromatic compounds). The diversity of micro-organisms that diminish the PAHs/PACs can be utilized in the advancement of bioremediation techniques. The role of metal-tolerant, (PAH)-degrading bacteria helps in the biodegradation of organic compounds at miscellaneous polluted sites. The isolation of (PAHs)-degrading bacteria from contaminated soil samples collected from garages and petrol pumps of Delhi and NCR region was carried out in the present study.  Also, the bacterial samples were tested for the tolerance towards 4 heavy metals- arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Morphological studies and biochemical tests were conducted to find the genera of the bacterial samples. The study indicates that hydrocarbons were degraded by the isolates P1, P2, P4, P5, P5*, G1, G3. These isolates were also found to be tolerant at a high concentration of metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead) as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also calculated. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was tested against various antibiotics. Thus the study suggests that the isolates identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are not only PAH-degrading but metal-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant too and are of immense potential for bioremediation of contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabela Cachada ◽  
Ana Dias ◽  
Amélia Reis ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Ruth Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
City Center ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The City

Urban soils quality may be severely affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination, as is the case of Lisbon (Portugal). However, to conduct a risk assessment analysis in an urban area can be a very difficult task due to the patchy nature and heterogeneity of these soils. Thus, the present study aims to provide an example on how to perform the first tier of a risk assessment plan in the case of urban soils using a simpler, cost effective, and reliable framework. Thus, a study was conducted in Lisbon to assess the levels of PAH, their potential risks to the environment and human health, and to identify their major sources. Source apportionment was performed by studying PAHs profiles, their relationship with potentially toxic elements, and general characteristics of soil using multivariate statistical methods. Results showed that geostatistical tools are useful for evaluating the spatial distribution and major inputs of PAHs in urban soils, as well as to identify areas of potential concern, showing their usefulness in risk assessment analysis and urban planning. Particularly, the prediction maps obtained allowed for a clear identification of areas with the highest levels of PAHs (close to the airport and in the city center). The high concentrations found in soils from the city center should be a result of long-term accumulation due to diffuse pollution mostly from traffic (through atmospheric emissions, tire debris and fuel exhaust, as well as pavement debris). Indeed, most of the sites sampled in the city center were historical gardens and parks. The calculation of potential risks based on different models showed that there is a high discrepancy among guidelines, and that risks will be extremely associated with the endpoint or parameters used in the different models. Nevertheless, this initial approach based on total levels was useful for identifying areas where a more detailed risk assessment is needed (close to the airport and in the city center). Therefore, the use of prediction maps can be very useful for urban planning, for example, by crossing information obtained with land uses, it is possible to define the most problematic areas (e.g., playgrounds and schools).

Impact of Inoculation Protocols, Salinity, and pH on the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Survival of PAH-Degrading Bacteria Introduced into Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kästner ◽  
Maren Breuer-Jammali ◽  
Bernd Mahro
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Pah Degradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pore Water Salinity

ABSTRACT Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and survival of bacteria in soil was investigated by applying different inoculation protocols. The soil was inoculated with Sphingomonas paucimobilis BA 2 and strain BP 9, which are able to degrade anthracene and pyrene, respectively. CFU of soil bacteria and of the introduced bacteria were monitored in native and sterilized soil at different pHs. Introduction with mineral medium inhibited PAH degradation by the autochthonous microflora and by the strains tested. After introduction with water (without increase of the pore water salinity), no inhibition of the autochthonous microflora was observed and both strains exhibited PAH degradation.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh snow in the city of Harbin in northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 116915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Cui ◽  
Zihan Song ◽  
Leiming Zhang ◽  
Zulin Zhang ◽  
Rupert Hough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Fresh Snow ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Karolina Lewińska ◽  
Elton Mammadov ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Bożena Smreczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4′DDT; 4,4′DDT; 2,4′DDE; 4,4′DDE; 2,4′DDE; and 4,4′DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg−1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 μg kg−1 to 21880 mg kg−1) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg−1 to 166.72 µg kg−1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 μg·kg−1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg−1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.

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