A case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis causing peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and review of the literature

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S. paucimobilis) is very rare, and most of the characteristics of such cases are still unknown. Case presentation An 80-year-old Japanese woman on PD was diagnosed with PD-associated peritonitis and received ceftazidime and cefazolin. The number of cells in the peritoneal dialysate decreased quickly. However, because S. paucimobilis was detected, the antibiotic was changed to meropenem according to the susceptibility test results. She was treated with meropenem for two weeks and discharged. After 21 days, she was hospitalized for relapsing peritonitis. S. paucimobilis was detected again, and improvement after the administration of meropenem was poor, eventually resulting in catheter removal. Conclusions S. paucimobilis may be resistant to empirical antibiotics; furthermore, catheter removal may still be required, even with sensitive-antibiotic treatment.

Evaluation of Sphingomonas paucimobilis as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in a teaching hospital in Uttarakhand

Background and Objectives: Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an opportunistic pathogen and was rarely encountered in clin- ical specimens previously. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features, associated co-morbidities, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. paucimobilis infection in a tertiary hospital in Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: S. paucimobilis isolates cultured from various sections of hospital and OPDs were identified and an- alyzed for their antibiograms in the microbiology laboratory for a duration of one year from January 2020 to December 2020. Results: S. paucimobilis was isolated from 49 samples (0.01%) out of 3792 samples processed in VITEK 2 Compact auto- mated ID/AST instrument. The maximum number of isolates were obtained from urine samples (31%), followed by blood (24%). Septicemia (41%), meningitis (17%), lower respiratory tract infections and ventilator associated pneumonia (14%) constituted a major portion of infections caused by this organism. Diabetes mellitus (22%) and steroid usage (16%) were major associated co-morbid conditions. Third and Fourth generation cephalosporins like ceftriaxone (81%) and cefepime (86%) were found to be the most susceptible drugs whereas 61% of isolates were resistant to colistin. Conclusion: This organism is an up-and-coming pathogen and should not be simply labeled as a contaminant. Although the organism is not grossly virulent and still might not be associated with serious life-threatening infections; however their evolving resistance patterns and increased spectrum of infections should be seriously taken into account.

Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in saline soil from Costal Region of Odisha

The present study was conducted to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from rhizospheric saline soils of coastal Odisha, India and evaluated their phosphate solubilizing ability. Total four PSB were isolated based on the halo zone formation (solubilizing index 2.63-3.14) on PVK agar medium and were characterized based on biochemical and molecular characteristics as Bacillus subtilis (B1), B. megaterium (B2), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (P2) and Kocuria kristinae (P6). The inorganic phosphate released by PSB ranged from 18.532 to 38.250µg/ml with decreasing the pH PVK broth up to 3.9. Acid phosphatase activity for PSB were recorded 84.237-98.658µmol/min. Glucose was found to be the best carbon source for B. subtilis, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Kocuria kristinae whereas mannitol for B. megaterium. Optimum acid phosphatase activity was observed for all the four PSB isolates in presence of ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source in PVK broth at 30oC and pH 7.0.

Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia from multiple clinical samples in a nosocomial infection in Erbil City

Background: Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a gram-negative pathogen that causes urinary tract infections, diarrhea, septicemia, and wound infections. Due to the spread of patients with high mortality but low mortality in Sphingomonas paucimobilis, it has been isolated from different clinical samples and is increasing antibiotic resistance all over the world. Objectives: The aim of our research was to look at the epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility series, and pathogenic potential of clinical samples from Erbil's Rizgary and Raparin hospitals. Materials and Methods: A total of 2582 samples were reviewed from different clinical samples from Rizgary Hospital and Raparin Hospital from male and female, we found 24 Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolates, identified by using microscopical, morphological, biochemical tests and Vitek2 compact system according to the standard protocol against Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Cefazolin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Imipenem, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Lev- ofloxacin, Trimethoprim. using Vitek 2 compact system. Results: 24 total positive results of Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from 2582 different clinical specimens the highest percentage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis was isolated from female samples (65%) while from male (35%) wen performing antibiotic susceptibility the highest resistance rate was Trimethoprim (66.66%), followed by To bramycin (50%), Ciprofloxacin (50%) and Levofloxacin (41.66%), respectively in contrast the highest effective antibiotic against Sphingomonas paucimobilis was Cefepime (75%), Imipenem (75%), followed by Ceftriaxone (66.66%), Ceftazidime (66.66%), Cefazolin (66.66%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (66.66%) Conclusion: Morbidity attribute to antibiotic resistance to third generation cephalosporin resistant, Sphingomonas paucimobilis resistant is significant, if prevailing resistance trends continue, high societal and economic costs can be expected. Better management of antibiotic use, and infection control is needed to avoid infections that caused by drug resistant pathogens like Sphingomonas paucimobilis.

A Necropsy based Investigation on Concurrent Infection of PPR and Emerging Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens in Sheep and Goat

Background: There is scanty literature available about concurrent infection of Pestes des Petits (PPR) and emerging opportunistic bacterial pathogens in field conditions. Thus, study was conducted to investigate the above based on necropsy. Methods: Systematic necropsy examination was conducted on 50 small ruminant carcasses. Detailed study included virological, bacteriological, gross and microscopic investigation on tissues collected using standard techniques. PPR virus (PPRV) antigen was detected in various samples using sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (s-ELISA). Bacterial pathogens were isolated on blood agar and identified by VITEK® system.Result: Eleven goats and nine sheep had concurrent infection. Highest positivity for PPRV antigen was observed in nasal and tracheal swab, lungs and lungs associated lymph nodes. Pasteurella multocida was the major bacteria found to cause fibrinious hemorrhagic broncho-alveolar pneumonia followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae producing suppurative bronchoalveolar pneumonia in the presence of PPR infection. Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Acinetobacter baumannii, human pathogen were also isolated and found to produce severe hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia and serofibrinous bronchopneumonia respectively in presence of PPR which is novel finding. Our study is the first report of necropsy based investigation on concurrent infection in sheep and goats.