Effects of intermittent loading on nitrogen removal in horizontal subsurface flow wetlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1865-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret G. Forbes ◽  
Joe C. Yelderman ◽  
Tina Potterton ◽  
Robert D. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Control Cell ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Expanded Shale ◽  
Wetland Cell

Removal of CBOD5 and nitrogen from septic tank effluent was evaluated in four horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) wetlands. An intermittently loaded cell was compared to a continuously loaded control cell, with both treatments receiving the same weekly volume. The intermittent cell was rapidly drained and “rested” for 24-hr, then refilled in steps, twice weekly. Two media with different particle sizes but similar porosities were also compared. The two media, light weight expanded shale and gravel, were both continuously loaded. As hypothesized, the wetland cell that was intermittently loaded had higher dissolved oxygen, greater ammonia removal, and greater nitrate production than the continuously loaded cells. Areal NH3-N removal for the intermittently loaded cell was 0.90 g m−2 d−1 compared to 0.47 g m−2 d−1 for the control. Ammonia removal was also higher in continuously loaded gravel cells than in cells with expanded shale. Ammonia-N removal was an order of magnitude lower in a similar SSF wetland that had been in operation for 3 years. However, CBOD5, total suspended solids, and total nitrogen did not vary substantially among the treatments.

Nutrient Removal from Polluted River Water by Combining Vertical and Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xin Qin ◽  
Gang He ◽  
Yu Huan Duan ◽  
Xiao Ping Pang ◽  
Zong Lian She
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Main Layer ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

A lab-scale hybrid constructed wetland system was constructed to purify polluted river water. The system was composed of a first stage of the vertical subsurface flow filter, followed by a second stage of horizontal subsurface flow bed. Both beds used furnace slag with a size of 4-60 mm for the main layer. The system was continuously fed. Different depths of unsaturated layer (0 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm) in vertical filter were tested. The unsaturated layer of 30 cm in vertical filter presented the most effective ammonia removal of 89.1%, while lowest NO3--N removal rate of 74.1% for the system. High TN removal efficiencies (77.3%-81.0%) could be observed during operation of three depths. The removals of COD and TP were in the range of 97.1%-98.4% and 76.4%-88.9%, respectively.

Design, construction and performance of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland system in Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1920-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise M. W. Bolton ◽  
Keith G. E. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
In Series ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wetland Cell

Malabugilmah is a remote Aboriginal community located in Clarence Valley, Northern NSW, Australia. In 2006, seven horizontal subsurface flow wetland clusters consisting of 3 m × 2 m wetland cells in series were designed and constructed to treat septic tank effluent to a secondary level (Total Suspended Solids (TSS) < 30 mg/L and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) <20 mg/L) and achieve >50% Total Nitrogen (TN) reduction, no net Total Phosphorus (TP) export and ≥99.9% Faecal Coliform (FC) reduction. The wetland cell configuration allowed the wetlands to be located on steeper terrain, enabling effluent to be treated to a secondary level without the use of pumps. In addition to the water quality targets, the wetlands were designed and constructed to satisfy environmental, economic and social needs of the community. The wetland systems were planted with a local Australian wetland tree species which has become well established. Two wetland clusters have been monitored over the last 4 years. The wetlands have demonstrated to be robust over time, providing a high level of secondary treatment over an extended period.

Performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in the removal of tanninsA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Njau ◽  
M. Renalda
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Outlet Concentration ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) was employed to remove tannins from the effluent of a tannins extracting company. Two HSSFCW cells with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 d and packed with limestone were used. One cell without macrophytes was used as a control, while the second cell was planted with Phragmites mauritianus . Results indicated that HSSFCW was capable of treating tannin wastewater that has been seeded with primary facultative pond sludge. Tannins and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.9% and 90.6% with outlet concentration of 27 mg/L and 86 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the planted cell; while the tannins and COD removal efficiency of 91.1% and 89.5% with outlet concentration of 57 mg/L and 96 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the control cell.

Nutrient removal from on-site wastewater in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Ireland

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O'Luanaigh ◽  
L. W. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Domestic Effluent ◽  
15N Stable Isotope ◽  
Total P

Two horizontal subsurface flow wetlands were constructed on separate sites in Ireland - one to provide secondary treatment and the other to provide a tertiary treatment for single house domestic effluent. A comprehensive analysis over three years provided a robust characterisation of the internal dynamics of the systems with respect to N and P removal. The removal of Total N was only 29% and 30% in the secondary and tertiary treatment wetlands respectively and revealed a drop off in performance over time with a higher release of org-N during summer periods. 15N stable isotope studies confirmed that 35% of the ammonium from the septic tank was passing straight through the process without taking part in any biogeochemical processes. However, the study showed that influent N in both wetlands was being biologically assimilated into organic nitrogen (biomass or plants) and then released again as soluble ammonium – so-called nitrogen “spiraling”. Removal of Total P in the wetlands averaged 45% and 28% respectively. The results also showed that if the annual above ground stem matter was completely removed it would only account for 8.4% and 1.3% of the annual total P-load to the respective wetlands. Accordingly the effluent PO4-P concentrations were still found to be >5 mg/l on average.

The Effect of Temperature and Loading Rate on the Ammonia Nitrogen Removal in Horizontal Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands with Different Vegetation and Substrate

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
Xue Cen Yu ◽  
Ming Xiao Zhang ◽  
Yue Wen ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

The removal of ammonia nitrogen from the polluted water was investigated in three different types of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, reed (Phragmites australis)/gravel bed (W1), hybrid vegetation {reed, cattail (Typha latifolia), bulrush (Scirpus validus)}/gravel bed (W2) and reed/hybrid substrates (gravel, zeolite, slag) bed (W3). At HRT of 28 d, NH3-N removal efficiencies of W1, W2 and W3 were-130%98%, -120%98% and 21%98% respectively throughout the whole year. The results showed that zeolite and slag contributed to higher NH3-N removal than gravel, especially in winter, and that cattail and bulrush did not show significant influences on NH3-N removal. The ranges of NH3-N removal rates were-2.332.14, -2.272.33 and 0.082.52 g·m-3·d-1 respectively under HRT of 2 d. NH3-N removal rates of W1 and W2 were much more affected by temperature than that of W3, which was due to the adsorption/desorption of zeolite.

scholarly journals Mesocosm– and Field–Scale Evaluation of Lignocellulose– Amended Soil Treatment Areas for Removal of Nitrogen from Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2137
Author(s):  
Sara Wigginton ◽  
Jose Amador ◽  
Brian Baumgaertel ◽  
George Loomis ◽  
George Heufelder
Keyword(s):  
Deep Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Total N ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Amended Soil

Non–proprietary N–removal onsite wastewater treatment systems are less costly than proprietary systems, increasing the likelihood of adoption to lower N inputs to receiving waters. We assessed the capacity of non–proprietary lignocellulose–amended soil treatment areas (LCSTAs)—a 45–cm–deep layer of sand above a 45–cm–deep layer of sand and sawdust—to lower the concentration of total N (TN) in septic tank effluent (STE) at mesocosm and field scales. The mesocosm received wastewater for two years and had a median effluent TN concentration of 3.1 mg/L and TN removal of 60–100%, meeting regulatory standards of 19 mg/L or 50% removal. Removal varied inversely with temperature, and was lower below 10oC. Removal was higher in the mesocosm than in five field sites monitored for 12–42 months. Median effluent TN concentration and removal met the standard in three continuously–occupied homes but not for two seasonally–occupied homes. Sites differed in temporal pattern of TN removal, and in four of five sites TN removal was greater—and effluent TN concentration lower—in the LCSTA than in a control STA containing only sand. The performance of non–proprietary LCSTAs was comparable to that for proprietary systems, suggesting that these may be a viable, more affordable alternative for lowering N inputs to receiving waters.

Removal of nutrients from septic tank effluent with baffle subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Cui ◽  
Ying Ouyang ◽  
Weizhi Yang ◽  
Zhujian Huang ◽  
Qiaoling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Enhanced N Removal using Horizontal, Subsurface Flow, Fixed Film Beds with Recycle

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (13) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Griffin ◽  
Curtis. A. Fletcher ◽  
Robert D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of anoxic–oxic–anoxic processes in illuminated biofilm reactor (AOA-IBR) treating septic tank effluent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-884
Author(s):  
Sittikorn Kamngam ◽  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Nawatch Surinkul ◽  
Chawalit Chaiwong ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment performance of the anoxic–oxic–anoxic processes in illuminated biofilm reactor (AOA-IBR) in removing organics and nitrogen contained in septic tank effluent. The 27 L of the AOA-IBR was illuminated with red light-emitting diode (LED) lamps (peak wavelength of 635 nm, intensity of 100 μmol/(m2s)). Three types of biofilm media, namely ball ring®, plastic sheets and zeolite beads, were placed in the anoxic, oxic and anoxic zones, respectively, of the reactor to support the growth of microalgal–bacterial biofilm. The AOA-IBR was continuously fed with septic tank effluent and operated at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24, 48 and 72 h. The experimental results found the increases in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal efficiencies with increasing HRTs in which the HRT of 72 h resulted in 78.6, 72.8 and 90.6% removals of COD, TN and NH4-N, respectively. The effluent quality of the AOA-IBR could meet the ISO 30500 effluent standards for Non-Sewered Sanitation Systems. The predominant microalgal biofilm species was observed to be Oscillatoria sp., while Proteobacteria was the predominant bacterial phylum found in the biofilm growing in the reactor. The above results suggested the applicability of the AOA-IBR in improving septic tank treatment performance which should result in better water pollution control.

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