scholarly journals Estimation of water quality by UV/Vis spectrometry in the framework of treated wastewater reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Carré ◽  
Jean Pérot ◽  
Vincent Jauzein ◽  
Liming Lin ◽  
Miguel Lopez-Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrometry as a complementary method for routine monitoring of reclaimed water production. Robustness of the models and compliance of their sensitivity with current quality limits are investigated. The following indicators are studied: total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) is used to find linear correlations between absorbances and indicators of interest. Artificial samples are made by simulating a sludge leak on the wastewater treatment plant and added to the original dataset, then divided into calibration and prediction datasets. The models are built on the calibration set, and then tested on the prediction set. The best models are developed with: PLSR for COD (Rpred2 = 0.80), TSS (Rpred2 = 0.86) and turbidity (Rpred2 = 0.96), and with a simple linear regression from absorbance at 208 nm (Rpred2 = 0.95) for nitrate concentration. The input of artificial data significantly enhances the robustness of the models. The sensitivity of the UV/Vis spectrometry monitoring system developed is compatible with quality requirements of reclaimed water production processes.

scholarly journals MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT MODEL TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE AREAS FOR TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE IN AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Gatto D'Andrea ◽  
Martín Alejandro Iribarnegaray ◽  
Walter Alfredo Tejerina ◽  
Ariela Griselda Judith Salas Barboza ◽  
Juan José Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Local Actors

A model of land suitability analysis for irrigation with treated domestic wastewater is presented. The model integrates tools of Multi-Criteria Evaluation with Geographical Information Systems. Several criteria were selected to adapt the model to the conditions and characteristics of the case study. The adaptation process included field visits, a bibliographical review, and personal interviews with local actors and experts. Six constraints and 10 factors were selected and 3158 hectares suitable for the activity were identified. The areas were classified into three categories of aptitude, representing high fitness sites close to the current wastewater treatment plant. The developed tool allowed us to integrate different criteria to assess site suitability for wastewater reuse, with the advantage that the tool can be adapted to other regions and/or objectives.

scholarly journals The Economics of Fruit and Vegetable Production Irrigated with Reclaimed Water Incorporating the Hidden Costs of Life Cycle Environmental Impacts

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Kledja Canaj ◽  
Andi Mehmeti ◽  
Julio Berbel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Internal Costs

The estimation and quantification of external environmental costs (hidden costs) are crucial to sustainability assessments of treated wastewater reuse projects. These costs, however, are rarely considered in economic analysis studies. In this work, monetized life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) were combined into a hybrid model to calculate cradle-to-farm gate external environmental costs (EEC) and internal costs (IC) of producing 1 t of plant-based product irrigated with reclaimed water in a Mediterranean context. The total cost was calculated by combining monetized LCA and LCC results. The results for the crops under consideration were 119.4 €/t for tomatoes, 344.4 €/t for table grapes, and 557 €/t for artichokes. Our findings show that there are significant hidden costs at the farm level, with EEC accounting for 57%, 23%, and 38% of the total cost of tomatoes, table grapes, and artichokes, respectively. Electricity use for water treatment and fertilization generated most of the EEC driven by the global warming, particulate matter, acidification, and fossil resource scarcity impact categories. When compared to groundwater, the higher internal costs of reclaimed water were offset by lower external costs, particularly when supported by low-energy wastewater treatment. This demonstrates that incorporating EEC into economic analyses might generate a better understanding of the profitability of treated wastewater reuse in crop production. In Italy and the Mediterranean region, research on the sustainability of water reuse in irrigation through life cycle thinking is still limited. Using a multi-metric approach, our analysis brought new insights into both economic and environmental performance – and their tradeoff relationships in wastewater reuse for irrigation of agricultural crops. In future research, it would be of interest to use different monetization methods as well as to investigate social externalities to explore their size and role in the total external costs.

scholarly journals The Potential of Wastewater Reuse for Agricultural Irrigation in Libya: Tobruk as a case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

<div> <p>The aim of this paper is to highlight the way towards the exploitation of treated wastewater for food crops production in order to cope with the acute water scarcity and its hazardous consequences. Reclaimed water reuse has not been practiced in Tobruk, and hence, lack of relevant data and information was the major difficulty in carrying out this research. The existing sewage treatment plant in Tobruk city produces about 7,000 cubic meters per day of suitable effluent for agricultural irrigation and safe discharge. This proportion is worth twice as much as the water being currently used for irrigation. Therefore, with proper planning and management, treated wastewater reuse schemes, in addition to their economical and environmental benefits, can be an efficient mechanism to cope with water shortage and reducing the high burden placed on the desalination plant. Wastewater reuse is considered as a reliable, secure, and drought-resistant water source. Owing to the lack of disinfection processes and routinely monitoring data, there is uncertainty concerning the microbiological safety and quality of the treated effluent. Public perception might be the major challenge facing the planning for a reuse scheme as 51 % of the population of Tobruk have shown their reluctance to consume food crops irrigated with treated wastewater. Nonetheless, public attitudes can be fostered by awareness through the media as some people, when the issue was discussed, have shown a positive response. In fact their main concerns were related to public health safety and potential negative environmental impacts which can be addressed through good planning and prudent management.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Hydrological and Environmental Impact of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse on Zarqa River Basin in Jordan

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Naser Almanaseer ◽  
Muna Hindiyeh ◽  
Raha Al-Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Zarqa River ◽  
The Impact

Treated wastewater is an important component of the water resource in Jordan. As Samra wastewater treatment plant—the largest treatment plant in Jordan—discharges ~110 MCM per year of secondary treated municipal wastewater to Zarqa River, and eventually to Jordan Valley. This research aims at assessing the impact of treated wastewater reuse on the hydrology and environment in the most vulnerable areas within Amman-Zarqa Basin, specifically from As Samra treatment plant to Jerash Bridge. Historical data is collected, field survey is performed, and chemical and biological analyses are performed at eleven selected locations along the study area. Afterwards, all collected data is managed using suitable tools to address the impact. The findings of this research demonstrate high improvement in biological and microbial parameters along the flow path, yet the salinity is increased downstream. It is found that this increase is due to brackish water intrusion, apparently from sandstone aquifer. Analysis of BOD and COD carried out as part of this research showed effective system recovery with COD reduction from 130 mg/L at the effluent to less than 50 mg/l in the downstream. Moreover, microbial activities are reduced, mainly due to self-purification in the river.

scholarly journals Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Edward R. Jones ◽  
Michelle T. H. van Vliet ◽  
Manzoor Qadir ◽  
Marc F. P. Bierkens
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Global Population

Abstract. Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, while simultaneously promoting sustainable development and supporting the transition to a circular economy. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent global outlook on the state of domestic and manufacturing wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. We use a data-driven approach, collating, cross-examining and standardising country-level wastewater data from online data resources. Where unavailable, data are estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin (∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % (188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated. By extension, we estimate that 48 % of global wastewater production is released to the environment untreated, which is substantially lower than previous estimates of ∼80 %. An estimated 40.7×109 m3 yr−1 of treated wastewater is intentionally reused. Substantial differences in per capita wastewater production, collection and treatment are observed across different geographic regions and by level of economic development. For example, just over 16 % of the global population in high-income countries produces 41 % of global wastewater. Treated-wastewater reuse is particularly substantial in the Middle East and North Africa (15 %) and western Europe (16 %), while comprising just 5.8 % and 5.7 % of the global population, respectively. Our database serves as a reference for understanding the global wastewater status and for identifying hotspots where untreated wastewater is released to the environment, which are found particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Importantly, our results also serve as a baseline for evaluating progress towards many policy goals that are both directly and indirectly connected to wastewater management. Our spatially explicit results available at 5 arcmin resolution are well suited for supporting more detailed hydrological analyses such as water quality modelling and large-scale water resource assessments and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918731 (Jones et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Reuse of treated wastewater using sequencing batch bioreactor for the improvement of wheat growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beenish Saba ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Bushra Zaman ◽  
Imran Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Batch Bioreactor

Reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation to crop plants is evaluated in a laboratory-scale experiment to assess growth and water saving potential from natural resources. A prototype laboratory-scale treatment plant was established for this purpose with suspended and attached growth configurations. Chakwal wheat variety was selected to examine growth parameters. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were evaluated to check the quality of treated water. It was found that a suspended growth sequencing batch bioreactor (SGSBBR) achieved 97% ± 2 removal efficiency over a 4 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For an attached growth sequencing batch bioreactor (AGSBBR) results showed 98% ± 2 removal efficiencies with polyurethane. TN and TP removal efficiency was 58.7 ± 3% and 64 ± 4.8% in SGSBBR, 53 ± 0.17% and 67 ± 2.7% in polyurethane. AGSBBR enhanced performance with AGSBBR may be due to enforced anoxic/aerobic conditions in the inner layers of biofilm formed on biocarriers which facilitate the required metabolic conditions for treating high strength wastewater. Plant growth was visibly greater in SGSBBR treated wastewater than AGSBBR because of less nutrient removal.

Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Leiva ◽  
Adrián Albarrán ◽  
Daniela López ◽  
Gladys Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Epicotyl Elongation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE &lt;0% and GI &gt;80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE &gt;0% and GI &lt;80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.

Application of a Multi-Criteria Decision Support Tool in Assessing the Feasibility of Implementing Treated Wastewater Reuse

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Adewumi ◽  
A.A. Ilemobade ◽  
J.E. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Quality Costs ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
User Friendly

Wastewater reuse is increasingly becoming an important component of water resources management in many countries. Planning of a sustainable wastewater reuse project involves multi-criteria that incorporate technical, economic, environmental and social attributes. These attributes of sustainability is the framework upon which the decision support tool presented in this paper is developed. The developed tool employs a user friendly environment that guides the decision makers in assessing the feasibility of implementing wastewater reuse. The input data into the tool are easily obtainable while the output is comprehensive enough for a feasibility assessment of treated wastewater reuse. The output is expressed in terms of effluent quality, costs, quantitative treatment scores and perception evaluation. Testing of the developed multi-criteria decision support tool using Parow wastewater treatment works in Cape Town showed the tool to be versatile and capable of providing a good assessment of both qualitative and quantitative criteria in the selection of treatment trains to meet various non-potable reuses. The perception module provided a quick assessment of potential user’s concerns on reuse and service providers’ capacity.

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