scholarly journals Reuse of treated wastewater using sequencing batch bioreactor for the improvement of wheat growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beenish Saba ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Bushra Zaman ◽  
Imran Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Batch Bioreactor

Reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation to crop plants is evaluated in a laboratory-scale experiment to assess growth and water saving potential from natural resources. A prototype laboratory-scale treatment plant was established for this purpose with suspended and attached growth configurations. Chakwal wheat variety was selected to examine growth parameters. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were evaluated to check the quality of treated water. It was found that a suspended growth sequencing batch bioreactor (SGSBBR) achieved 97% ± 2 removal efficiency over a 4 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For an attached growth sequencing batch bioreactor (AGSBBR) results showed 98% ± 2 removal efficiencies with polyurethane. TN and TP removal efficiency was 58.7 ± 3% and 64 ± 4.8% in SGSBBR, 53 ± 0.17% and 67 ± 2.7% in polyurethane. AGSBBR enhanced performance with AGSBBR may be due to enforced anoxic/aerobic conditions in the inner layers of biofilm formed on biocarriers which facilitate the required metabolic conditions for treating high strength wastewater. Plant growth was visibly greater in SGSBBR treated wastewater than AGSBBR because of less nutrient removal.

Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency in a dyestuff wastewater treatment plant with the IFFAS process: the pilot-scale and full-scale studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Mao ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Dyestuff Wastewater

Abstract The activated sludge (AS) process is widely applied in dyestuff wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the nitrogen removal efficiency is relatively low and the effluent does not meet the indirect discharge standards before being discharged into the industrial park's WWTP. Hence it is necessary to upgrade the WWTP with more advanced technologies. Moving bed biofilm processes with suspended carriers in an aerobic tank are promising methods due to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. Herein, a pilot-scale integrated free-floating biofilm and activated sludge (IFFAS) process was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results showed that the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrate (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of the IFFAS process were significantly lower than those of the AS process, and could meet the indirect discharge standards. PCR-DGGE and FISH results indicated that more nitrifiers and denitrifiers co-existed in the IFFAS system, promoting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Based on the pilot results, the IFFAS process was used to upgrade the full-scale AS process, and the effluent COD, NH4+-N and TN of the IFFAS process were 91–291 mg/L, 10.6–28.7 mg/L and 18.9–48.6 mg/L, stably meeting the indirect discharge standards and demonstrating the advantages of IFFAS in dyestuff wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Estimation of water quality by UV/Vis spectrometry in the framework of treated wastewater reuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Carré ◽  
Jean Pérot ◽  
Vincent Jauzein ◽  
Liming Lin ◽  
Miguel Lopez-Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrometry as a complementary method for routine monitoring of reclaimed water production. Robustness of the models and compliance of their sensitivity with current quality limits are investigated. The following indicators are studied: total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) is used to find linear correlations between absorbances and indicators of interest. Artificial samples are made by simulating a sludge leak on the wastewater treatment plant and added to the original dataset, then divided into calibration and prediction datasets. The models are built on the calibration set, and then tested on the prediction set. The best models are developed with: PLSR for COD (Rpred2 = 0.80), TSS (Rpred2 = 0.86) and turbidity (Rpred2 = 0.96), and with a simple linear regression from absorbance at 208 nm (Rpred2 = 0.95) for nitrate concentration. The input of artificial data significantly enhances the robustness of the models. The sensitivity of the UV/Vis spectrometry monitoring system developed is compatible with quality requirements of reclaimed water production processes.

scholarly journals A survey of attitudes and acceptance of wastewater reuse in Iran: Shiraz City as a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Baghapour ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian ◽  
Babak Djahed
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Willingness To Use

People's attitudes are a key issue in the use of reclaimed wastewater. Unfortunately, there is not enough research on the use of reclaimed wastewater in developing countries such as Iran. The present study aimed to investigate public acceptance and citizens' attitudes toward reclaimed wastewater in Shiraz, Iran. A two-part questionnaire, designed to collect demographic data and information about people's willingness to reuse wastewater, was distributed among 562 citizens of Shiraz. The results showed that most respondents knew nothing about the chemical quality (67.4%) or microbiological quality (81.5%) of the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The maximum acceptance of treated wastewater use was related to public consumption (87%), car washing (85%) and flush tank (80%), respectively. The minimum acceptance was related to cooking and drinking (8%). Also, a significant correlation was observed between citizens' willingness to use reclaimed wastewater and variables such as level of education, gender, awareness of wastewater treatment process and awareness of quality of reclaimed wastewater. Shiraz citizens, like other people in the world, were less willing to use reclaimed wastewater for cooking, drinking, laundry and bathing, but their willingness was obviously greater in applications with less skin contact.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF USING REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER RECLAMATION IN THE GAZA STRIP

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mazen Abuatayef ◽  
Abedelmajeed Kahail ◽  
Hassan Al-Najjar ◽  
Thaer AbuShbak
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Reverse osmosis (RO) technology shows common popularity in the field of water treatment as an advanced stage to eliminate the residual biogenic elements and dissolved impurities after the traditional treatment processes. This article highlights the applicability of using RO membrane technology as a post-treatment stage to treat the discharged effluent from the Gaza wastewater treatment plant. The designed experimental model reveals optimal removal efficiency between 92 and 100% for a number of physical, chemical and biological pollutants. The RO membrane unit demonstrates significant removal efficiency compared to the sand filter where the RO removal efficiency for BOD, TSS, TDS, Fecal Coliform and NO3 were 100, 97.5, 92, 100 and 100%, respectively. The quality of reclaimed wastewater was idealistic where the contents of BOD, Fecal Coliform and NO3 in the permeate were nil, and the concentrations of TDS and TSS were 20 and 296 ppm, respectively. Practically, the results confirm that the wastewater with the reclaimed quality could be used for agricultural activities with no degree of restriction according to FAO’s guidelines water quality for irrigation. According to the Palestinian Standard (PS), the quality of reclaimed wastewater is high, class (A), and it could be used without restrictions to irrigate many crops and for the purposes of groundwater replenishment. Related to energy estimation and cost analysis, the numerical model and the market analysis study demonstrate the energy of 1.23 kWh and total cost, i.e. fixed and energy costs, of 0.58 USD to produce 1 m3 of reclaimed wastewater using the RO membrane in the Gaza Strip over a projected lifespan of 5 years.

scholarly journals Performance of electrical stimulated anaerobic baffled reactor for removal of typical pollutants from low-strength municipal wastewater at low temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Marziye Moradgholi ◽  
Mohamadreza Massoudinejad ◽  
Ehsan Aghayani ◽  
Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Anaerobic System

Background: Although anaerobic system has been successfully used for treating the strong industrial wastewater, its efficiency for low-strength wastewater as municipal wastewater is not satisfying. This study aimed to enhance the capability of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for treating municipal wastewater. Methods: A 7-L ABR with 5 compartments was operated for a 287-day period fed with primary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant at 17 to 19°C. The study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the performance of ABR and in the second phase, the performance of ESABR (ABR integrated with an electrochemical system) were investigated. Results: The results of ABR operation indicated that at hydraulic retention time (HRT) =24 hours, the average removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorous (TP), and log reduction value (LRV) of coliforms were obtained to be 71%, 75%, 79%, 23%, 30.3%, and 5.8 Log, respectively. In this phase, when the HRT was decreased from 24 to 18 hours and from 18 to 14 hours, the removal efficiency of all parameters by the ABR was decreased. After the shift of ABR operation to ESABR, at HRT=24 hours and current density of 0.78 mA/cm2 , the performance of the reactor was enhanced, so that the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and LRV of coliforms were achieved 16.8%, 15%, 4%, 10.7%, 49%, and 1 Log, which was greater than those obtained by ABR. Conclusion: According to the results, this technology (SEABR) is suitable for treating the low-strength municipal wastewater.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Taiz City and their Suitability for Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Abdulatif A. Al-Munaifi ◽  
Soad A. Al-Sabban
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Abstract A field study was carried out for influent and effluent wastewater from Two treatment plants in Taiz city. The aim of the study is to evaluate and increase the efficiency of the treatment plants in Al-Buriahy and Nadfood factories (Al-Qurf), in order to ensure the safe and suitable use of wastewater for irrigation. Four samples of sewage were collected from influent and effluent of different locations within the areas of Al-Qurf, Al-Hawjlah, Hidran Al-Dabab and Al-Buraihy. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the samples of the partially treated wastewater compared with the untreated wastewater were higher in total dissolved solids. The values of the trace elements remained at the level of the sewage influent before and after the treatment plant in Al-Buraihy, the level of treatment did not decrease the concentration of a number of these elements. The results of the study indicate that the concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) for effluent wastewater from the treatment plants recorded a significant decrease in their values. In contrast the results were close in the concentration of the BOD5 influent from the treatment plant in Al-Buraihy with the BOD5 concentration effluent from the treatment plant in the Nadfood has, reached 457mg/l, because the influent of the sewage from the industrial processes in the treatment plant of the Nadfood was too high, reaching an average of 7791 mg / l compared with 553 mg / l in the municipal influent sewage at the treatment plant in Al-Buraihy. The results of bacteriological analyses showed that the treated wastewater recorded a significant reduction in the number of fecal coliform compared with the number of fecal coliform at influent from treatment plant at Al-Buraihy area.These indications for treatment in wastewater stabilization ponds in Al-Buraihy, and treatment  plant for industrial wastewater, that include the aeration and sedimentation units in Al-Qurf Nadfood factories, indicate that the degree of treatment is below the required level and still exceeds the limit allowed for irrigation purposes according to Yemeni and International standards. This suggests an action of rehabilitation of existing sewerage system, completion of the sewerage network and the establishment of the new treatment plant by using stabilization ponds with floating surface aerator in the facultative ponds at north of Taiz City. In addition, increase the efficiency of the current treatment plant by division of wastewater stabilization ponds in Al-Buraihy, into anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds, providing each pond with two devices/tools to measure the flows, and the  establishment of the new treatment plant at the Nadfood factories. It should consist of screening, oil /fat removal, primary and secondary clarifiers, high rate trickling filters (1st and 2nd stage), sludge digester, sand drying beds, and chlorination. Keywords: Taiz city, sewage, biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform,treatment plant, efficiency, municipal, industrial.

scholarly journals Application of SAC254 measurement for the assessment of micropollutant removal in the adsorptive treatment stage of a municipal wastewater treatment plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Rößler ◽  
Steffen Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adsorptive Treatment ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Treatment Stage

In 2010, the Mannheim wastewater treatment plant was expanded with an adsorptive treatment stage to remove organic micropollutants (OMPs). Differences in the removal efficiencies of the OMPs investigated were determined over four years of operation by applying different powdered activated carbon (PAC) products and a constant volume-proportional dosing of 10 mg PAC/L. Possible influences on the removal efficiency are discussed here on the basis of the data obtained, exemplified for the analgesic diclofenac. The analyses show that the removal efficiency is influenced significantly by the spectral absorption coefficient (SAC) of the biologically treated wastewater at a wavelength of 254 nm (SAC254). Therefore, in order to ensure the constant treatment performance desired, the dosage of PAC should be adjusted to the measured SAC254 values. Moreover, as the SAC254 reduction correlates with the removal efficiency of OMPs, the additional determination of its reduction allows indirect control of the actual removal performance achieved. The SAC254 reduction can also be used for targeted control of the PAC dosage.

Nutrient removal in reverse osmosis concentrates using a biological aerated filter

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Ro Concentrate

The aim of this study is to employ a biological aerated filter (BAF) in the treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate received from reuse of treatment plant wastewater. Furthermore, the influence of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio on the nutrient removal was analyzed to find the detailed removal pathways of nutrients. The result was found to be high efficiency for biochemical oxygen demand removal (95.86%) compared to that of COD (88.95%) and suspended solids (81.12%). The total phosphorus (TP) (67.66%) and PO4-P (61.42%) removal efficiencies were relatively lower than that of total nitrogen (TN) (81.42%) and NO3-N (76.70%). This may be due to the fact that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/TP ratio (8.01) was relatively low. Decreasing the COD/N ratio decreased TP and PO4-P removal efficiency. However, the removal efficiency of TN and NH4-N was increased from 47.60 to 64.54 and 54.17 to 73.72% with decreasing of COD/N ratio from 8.19 to 7.64, respectively. In addition, the denitrification rate and nitrification rate were increased from 211.8 to 301.0 mg/L d and 87.7 to 109.4 mg/L d, respectively, when COD/N ratios changed from 8.19 to 7.64. Therefore, in order to reuse the RO concentrate, the BAF process could effectively treat the RO concentrate.

scholarly journals Investigation of Laboratory-Scale and Pilot-Scale Attached Growth Ammonia Removal Kinetics at Cold Temperature and Low Influent Carbon

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Delatolla ◽  
Nathalie Tufenkji ◽  
Yves Comeau ◽  
Alain Gadbois ◽  
Daniel Lamarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Testing Center ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Abstract A mobile testing center was installed at a lagoon wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Terrebonne, Canada to investigate the rate of ammonia removal of attached growth treatment systems at 4°C and at low influent carbon concentrations. The testing center housed two laboratory-scale reactors, a pilot-scale BioStyr system (Veolia Water) and a pilot-scale moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) system (Veolia Water). Although the rates of laboratory-scale and the pilot-scale systems demonstrated that the exposure time to low temperature has a significant effect on the kinetics of the system, the ammonia removal rates of all the systems were shown to be significant at 4°C. A strong correlation was demonstrated between the rates of ammonia removal produced by the laboratory-scale reactors, the pilot BioStyr system and pilot MBBR system; thus verifying the scaleup capability of the laboratory-scale reactors and demonstrating that nitrifiers can achieve ammonia removal under cold temperature conditions for elapsed periods of time independent of the reactor design. Finally, the ammonia removal rates of the laboratory-scale systems, the BioStyr pilot system, and the MBBR pilot system were all accurately predicted by a recently proposed Theta model.

scholarly journals Enhancing treated wastewater effluent characteristics using hybrid biofilm/activated sludge process – a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Khalid Hassan ◽  
Olfat Hamdy ◽  
Mohamed Helmy ◽  
Hossam Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Fill Fraction ◽  
Hydraulic Load

Abstract This paper documents the results of 12 months of monitoring of an upgraded hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (MBBR-CAS WWTP). It also targets the assessment of the increment of the hydraulic load on existing treatment units with a zero construction and land cost. The influent flow to the plant was increased from 21,000 m3 d−1 to 30,000 m3 d−1, 40% of the existing CAS reactor volume was used for the MBBR zone with a carrier fill fraction of 47.62% and with Headworks Bio ActiveCell™ 515 used as media; no modifications were made for the primary and secondary tanks. The hybrid reactor showed high removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), with average effluent values recording 33.00 ± 8.87 mg L−1, 52.90 ± 9.65 mg L−1 and 29.50 ± 6.64 mg L−1 respectively. Nutrient removals in the hybrid modified biological reactor were moderate compared with carbon removal despite the high C/N ratio of 12.33. Findings in this study favor the application of MBBR in the upgrading of existing CAS plants with the plant BOD5 removal efficiency recording an increase of about 5% compared with the plant before upgrade and effluent values well within the legal requirements.

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